11/5/12 Lauren Maestas M.S. Candidate University of Tennessee Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries Photo Credits: Robyn Nadolny, Chelsea Wright Wayne Hynes, Daniel Sonenshine, Holly Gaff Old Dominion University Dept. of Biology } Introduction and Justification } Objectives } Methods } Anticipated Results } Future Directions 1 11/5/12 Bridging Vector • Ticks carry and transmit a I. scapularis greater variety of pathogens to domestic animals than any Sylvaticother type cycle of biting arthropod • Ticks are a close second to mosquitos worldwide in human disease transmission I. affinis Photo Credit: Robyn Nadolny, Chelsea Wright Wayne Hynes, Daniel Sonenshine, Holly Gaff Old Dominion University Dept. of Biology Maria Duik-Wasser Ixodes affinis Ixodes scapularis •Both have a 1-2 year life cycle •Both feed on multiple wildlife hosts http://www.humanillnesses.com/Infectious-Diseases-He-My/Lyme-Disease.html 0% Bbsl 40% Bbsl Maggi 2009 Bbss? Photo Credit: Robyn Nadolny, Chelsea Wright Wayne Hynes, Daniel Sonenshine, Holly Gaff Old Dominion University Dept. of Biology A. Causey personal communication http://www.fishing-nc.com/nc-fishing-regulations.php 2 11/5/12 18 Species of Borrelia currently recognized in the Bbsl complex Rudenko et al. 2011 1. To test for North- South latitudinal trends in Ixodes spp. genotype, and Bbsl prevalence and strain type. 2. In South Carolina, to compare the prevalence of Bbsl and Ixodid tick species collected from wild mesomammals with those from a) vegetation, and b) domestic dogs (Sentinels). 3 11/5/12 Methods 1. Research Sites 4 11/5/12 •Morphological •16s Primers •Screening •Outer & •16s ID [Kierans and published for Bbsl Inner IGS Mitochondrial PCR ID Litwak 1989, by Norris PCR •23 S rRNA Primers DNA Field Cooley 1944] (1996) published •Haplotype •DNA •Sequenced by: variation by Extraction by: UTK Courtney : Genetics region [Norris (Qiagen) [Beati Molecular (2004) 1996] 2001] Biology •Sequencing Bbsl •Minimum of Resource Real-Time Facility 50 samples Ticks:Molecular Sample from from each •100 Tick & Bbsl: region (of both randomly Bbsl: Nested IGS spp)[Beebee selected 2008) samples to be molecularly identified www.invitrogen.com http://laikaspoetnik.wordpress.com/tag/add-new-tag/ jeanapettus.webs.com High Prevalence of Bbss N Cl B a b d s e s I.scapularis I. affinis S B C b l s a l d e Low prevalence Low to no of prevalence primarily of Bbsl primarily Bbsl • Test genetic differences in ticks and Borrelia between states using AMOVA (Norris et al. 1996) • Test for an association between Borrelia prevalence and latitude using Correlation Analysis • Test for differences in Ixodes species composition among states using Chi-Square Tests of Association 5 11/5/12 1. 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