Page 1 CULTIVATION OF AMERICAN RAZOR CLAM Screening of potential for commercial cultivation Anna Sofie Lousdal Freudendahl & Mette Moller Nielsen October 2005 Danish Seafood Center Page 2 1.0 Table of Contents .............................................................................................................2 2.0 PREFACE .........................................................................................................................4 3.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................5 PART 1 .................................... ...............................................................................................7 4.0 RESULT TO SAMPLING ................................................................................................8 4.1 Production Phases ..................................................................................................8 4.2 Hatchery Production ..............................................................................................8 4.3 On-growing ...........................................................................................................11 4.4 Market Analysis ...................................................................................................12 4.5 Future focus areas .................................................................................................12 5.0 FFEKTMÅL …….............................................................................................................14 6.0 MARKET ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................16 6.1 Preface .................................................................................................................16 6.2 Market Analysis for razor clams ........................................................................ 17 6.2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 17 6.2.2 Market :................................................................................................ 18 6.2.3 Size and quality :.................................................................................. 18 6.2.4 Supply and demand :............................................................................ 18 6.3 The market for razor clams in Spain .................................................................. 19 6.3.1 Summary .............................................................................................. 19 6.3.2 Purpose of investigation ...................................................................... 19 6.3.3 Razor Clams ........................................................................................ 20 6.3.4 Structural Spain .................................................................................... 21 6.4 Supply Situation ................................................................................................... 21 6.4.1 Geographical distribution of catches .....................................................21 6.4.2 Auctions / Grossistled ........................................................................... 22 6.4.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 26 6.4.4 Geographical origin of fresh razor clams .............................................. 29 6.4.5 Distribution of retail sales ..................................................................... 29 6.4.6 Demand ................................................................................................. 31 6.4.7 Structure ................................................................................................ 32 6.4.8 Penetration Opportunities ......................................................................32 6.5 Source List ........................................................................................................... 33 6.5.1 Wholesale Markets ................................................................................ 34 6.6 Appendix 1 ........................................................................................................... 36 PART 2 ................................................................................................................................. 39 7.0 PRENTALBESTAND ....................................................................................................40 7.1 Collections .......................................................................................................... 40 7.1.1 Areas .................................................................................................... 40 7.1.2 Procedure .............................................................................................. 40 7.1.3 Runtime Data collected mussels ........................................................... 41 7.2 Parentalkar ........................................................................................................... 42 7.2.1 Sediment Analysis ................................................................................ 43 7.2.2 Physical parameters .............................................................................. 45 8.0 REPRODUKTIVE CYCLE ........................................................................................... 46 8.1 Investigation of gonad development ................................................................... 47 8.1.1 Method for assessing the maturity ....................................................... 47 8.1.2 Conditioning ........................................................................................ 48 8.2 Results ................................................................................................................ 49 8.3 Discussion ........................................................................................................... 53 9.0 Spawning and fertilization .............................................................................................. 56 9.1 Materials and methods ........................................................................................ 56 9.1.1 Results .................................................................................................. 57 9.1.2 Conclusion on results ........................................................................... 59 Page 3 9.2 Discussion ............................................................................................................ 59 10.0 LARVE PRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 62 10.1 Materials and methods ...................................................................................... 62 10.2 Results and Discussion ..................................................................................... 64 11.0 Setting and the subsequent fry stages ............................................................................ 74 11.1 Material and Methods ........................................................................................ 74 11.1.1 Settling material................................................................................... 74 11.1.2 Monitoring ........................................................................................... 74 11.1.3 Hatchery Culture .................................................................................. 75 11.2 Results ................................................................................................................. 76 11.2.1 Morphological development of the fry ................................................. 76 11.2.2 Settling stidspunkt.................................................................................. 78 11.2.3 Survival of fry stages ............................................................................. 78 11.2.4 Growth of fry stages ............................................................................... 79 11.2.5 Density ................................................................................................... 80 11.2.6 11.2.6 Physical parameters .................................................................... 82 11.3 Discussion ............................................................................................................. 82 11.3.1 settling .................................................................................................... 82 11.3.2 Hatchery Behavior ................................................................................ 83 11.3.3 Hatchery Culture ................................................................................. 84 12.0 ON-GROWING IN SUSPENDED SYSTEMS .............................................................. 86 13.0 REFERENCE TO PART 2.............................................................................................. 90 PART 3 ............................................................................................................................... .... 93 14.0 APPENDIX A. - Business Economics ............................................................................ 94 15.0 APPENDIX B. - INTERNATIONALT NETWORK ...................................................... 96 15.1 Meeting held at the Centre for Marine Resources and Mariculture (C-March), Northern Ireland, 26 – 27.October 2004 .............................................................. 96 15.2 Meeting