Contribution of seed banks across Europe towards the 2020 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation targets, assessed through the ENSCONET database S. RIVIÈRE and J. V. MÜLLER TABLE S1 The 32 families not included in Euro+Med but covered by The Plant List, among others (synonyms according to The Plant List are shown in parentheses). Aizoaceae Anacardiaceae Buxaceae Caprifoliaceae (Dipsacaceae, Velarianaceae) Celastraceae Cistaceae Convolvulaceae Cucurbitaceae Elaeagnaceae Ericaceae (Empetraceae, Pyrolaceae) Frankeniaceae Boraginaceae (Hydrophyllaceae) Lauraceae Linaceae Malvaceae (Tiliaceae) Onagraceae Oxalidaceae Plantaginaceae (Callitrichaceae) Polemoniaceae Polygalaceae Polygonaceae Lythraceae (Punicaceae) Ranunculaceae Rhamnaceae Rubiaceae (Theligonaceae) Rutaceae Sapindaceae (Aceraceae, Hippocastanaceae) Scrophulariaceae (Myoporaceae) Staphyleaceae Tamaricaceae Violaceae Vitaceae TABLE S2 Number of accessions held for each threatened species for targets 8a and 8b of the 2011–2020 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. Name of threatened species according to Taxonomic status* No. of No. of accessions the IUCN Red List 2015.4 & the 2011 accessions conserved ex situ by European Red List of Vascular Plants conserved ex ENSCONET, & situ by available for recovery ENSCONET and restoration (target 8a) programmes (target 8b) Abies nebrodensis Accepted EPM 0 0 Abies pinsapo Accepted EPM 5 3 Acis nicaeensis Accepted EPM 0 0 Aconitum corsicum Synonym TPL 2 0 Actinocarpus damasonium Synonym TPL 25 2 Adenocarpus ombriosus Accepted EPM 9 9 Aeonium balsamiferum Accepted EPM 0 0 Aeonium gomerense Accepted EPM 7 6 Aeonium saundersii Accepted EPM 2 1 Aethionema retsina Accepted EPM 2 2 Aichryson dumosum Accepted EPM 0 0 Aldrovanda generalis Synonym EPM 0 0 Aldrovanda verticillata Synonym EPM 0 0 Aldrovanda vesiculosa Accepted EPM 0 0 Alisma damasonium Synonym EPM 25 2 Alisma stellatum Synonym TPL 25 2 Alisma wahlenbergii Accepted EPM 0 0 Allium corsicum Accepted EPM 0 0 Allium pardoi Accepted EPM 0 0 Allium pyrenaicum Accepted EPM 0 0 Allium schmitzii Accepted EPM 1 0 Alyssum pyrenaicum Synonym EPM 0 0 Amsonia orientalis Accepted EPM 0 0 Anacamptis boryi Accepted EPM 0 0 Anacyclus depressus Synonym EPM 0 0 Anacyclus freynii Synonym EPM 0 0 Anacyclus pyrethrum Accepted EPM 0 0 Anagyris latifolia Unresolved TPL 45 43 Anchusa crispa Accepted EPM 3 0 Androcymbium gramineum Accepted EPM 4 4 Androcymbium psammophilum Synonym EPM 15 14 Androcymbium rechingeri Accepted EPM 15 5 Androrchis sitiaca Synonym EPM 0 0 Andryala crithmifolia Accepted EPM 0 0 Anemone pulsatilla Accepted TPL 25 15 Anemone uralensis Accepted TPL 0 0 Anthemis glaberrima Accepted EPM 12 0 Anthemis pyrethrum Synonym EPM 0 0 Antirrhinum charidemi Accepted EPM 17 11 Antirrhinum lopesianum Synonym EPM 3 0 Antirrhinum subbaeticum Unresolved TPL 6 5 Apium bermejoi Synonym EPM 4 4 Aquilegia barbaricina Accepted TPL 4 3 Aquilegia nuragica Accepted TPL 0 0 Arabis kennedyae Accepted EPM 4 3 Arbutus canariensis Accepted EPM 9 7 Arctophila fulva Accepted EPM 0 0 Arenaria bolosii Synonym TPL 3 1 Arenaria nevadensis Accepted EPM 0 0 Argyranthemum lidii Accepted EPM 18 17 Argyranthemum thalassophilum Accepted EPM 0 0 Argyranthemum winteri Accepted EPM 6 4 Armeria berlengensis Accepted EPM 0 0 Armeria helodes Accepted EPM 0 0 Armeria pseudarmeria Accepted EPM 8 2 Armeria purpurea Synonym EPM 1 1 Armeria sampaioi Accepted EPM 1 0 Armeria soleirolii Accepted EPM 2 0 Arrhenatherum pallens Accepted TPL 0 0 Artemisia granatensis Accepted EPM 17 12 Artemisia insipida Accepted EPM 0 0 Artemisia laciniata Accepted EPM 1 1 Artemisia molinieri Accepted EPM 1 1 Artemisia pancicii Accepted EPM 0 0 Arum purpureospathum Accepted EPM 4 1 Asparagus arborescens Accepted EPM 3 3 Asparagus equisetifolius Synonym EPM 3 3 Asparagus fallax Accepted EPM 3 3 Asparagus nesiotes Accepted EPM 0 0 Asparagus plocamoides Accepted EPM 9 9 Asparagus retrofractus Synonym EPM 3 3 Asphodelus bento-rainhae Accepted EPM 2 1 Aster pyrenaeus Accepted EPM 20 8 Aster sorrentinii Synonym TPL 1 0 Astragalus cavanillesii Accepted EPM 0 0 Astragalus drupaceus Accepted EPM 1 0 Astragalus maritimus Accepted EPM 2 1 Astragalus physocalyx Accepted EPM 1 0 Astragalus setosulus Accepted EPM 0 0 Astragalus tanaiticus Accepted EPM 0 0 Astragalus tremolsianus Accepted EPM 2 2 Astragalus verrucosus Accepted EPM 3 1 Asyneuma giganteum Accepted EPM 1 1 Athamanta cortiana Accepted EPM 0 0 Atractylis arbuscula Accepted EPM 0 0 Atractylis preauxiana Accepted EPM 40 40 Atriplex lanfrancoi Accepted EPM 0 0 Atropa baetica Accepted EPM 62 60 Aurinia uechtritziana Synonym EPM 1 0 Avena hackelii Synonym EPM 0 0 Avenula hackelii Synonym EPM 0 0 Azorina vidalii Accepted EPM 0 0 Barbarea dentata Synonym EPM 1 0 Barbarea lepuznica Synonym EPM 19 15 Barbarea vulgaris Accepted EPM 19 15 Barlia metlesicsiana Synonym EPM 1 1 Bassia saxicola Accepted EPM 0 0 Bellevalia webbiana Accepted EPM 0 0 Bencomia brachystachya Accepted EPM 9 9 Bencomia exstipulata Accepted EPM 29 27 Bencomia sphaerocarpa Accepted EPM 7 7 Beta adanensis Synonym EPM 0 0 Beta hastata Synonym EPM 10 3 Beta nana Accepted EPM 1 0 Beta patula Accepted EPM 0 0 Beta pumila Invalid designation 10 3 EPM Beta webbiana Synonym EPM 10 3 Bethencourtia hermosae Accepted EPM 4 4 Biscutella neustriaca Accepted EPM 2 1 Biscutella rotgesii Accepted EPM 1 0 Biscutella vincentina Synonym EPM 1 0 Borderea chouardii Synonym EPM 83 0 Brassica glabrescens Synonym EPM 0 0 Brassica hilarionis Accepted EPM 7 6 Brassica macrocarpa Accepted EPM 7 1 Braya linearis Accepted EPM 0 0 Brimeura duvigneaudii Accepted EPM 1 1 Bupleurum capillare Accepted EPM 4 4 Bupleurum dianthifolium Accepted TPL 0 0 Bupleurum elatum Accepted EPM 0 0 Bupleurum handiense Accepted EPM 8 8 Bupleurum kakiskalae Accepted EPM 4 1 Calamaria malinverniana Accepted TPL 0 0 Calendula maritima Synonym EPM 3 2 Callianthemum kernerianum Accepted TPL 0 0 Callitriche pulchra Accepted TPL 1 0 Campanula lanata Accepted EPM 1 1 Campanula sabatia Accepted EPM 0 0 Campanula scheuchzeri Accepted EPM 22 8 Canariothamnus hermosae Synonym EPM 4 4 Caralluma burchardii Accepted EPM 24 24 Carduus myriacanthus Accepted EPM 3 3 Carlina diae Accepted EPM 4 1 Carlina onopordifolia Synonym EPM 0 0 Caropsis verticillatoinundata Accepted EPM 0 0 Carthamus balearicus Accepted EPM 6 5 Centaurea akamantis Accepted EPM 9 7 Centaurea balearica Synonym EPM 6 5 Centaurea borjae Accepted EPM 2 0 Centaurea corensis Accepted EPM 0 0 Centaurea corymbosa Accepted EPM 3 3 Centaurea dubjanskyi Accepted EPM 0 0 Centaurea gadorensis Accepted EPM 3 2 Centaurea gymnocarpa Accepted EPM 1 1 Centaurea heldreichii Accepted EPM 0 0 Centaurea horrida Accepted EPM 0 0 Centaurea immanuelis-loewii Accepted EPM 1 0 Centaurea jankae Accepted EPM 0 0 Centaurea kalambakensis Accepted EPM 0 0 Centaurea lancifolia Accepted EPM 1 0 Centaurea niederi Accepted EPM 0 0 Centaurea peucedanifolia Accepted EPM 1 0 Centaurea princeps Accepted EPM 0 0 Centaurea pulvinata Accepted EPM 2 2 Centaurium somedanum Accepted EPM 46 7 Centranthus amazonum Accepted EPM 0 0 Centranthus trinervis Accepted TPL 1 1 Cephalanthera cucullata Accepted EPM 7 4 Cephalanthera epipactoides Accepted EPM 0 0 Cerastium dinaricum Accepted EPM 0 0 Cerastium sventenii Accepted EPM 3 2 Chamaemeles coriacea Accepted EPM 1 1 Cheirolophus crassifolius Accepted EPM 0 0 Cheirolophus duranii Accepted EPM 6 5 Cheirolophus falcisectus Accepted EPM 12 12 Cheirolophus ghomerythus Accepted EPM 0 0 Cheirolophus junonianus Accepted EPM 4 2 Cheirolophus massonianus Accepted EPM 0 0 Cheirolophus metlesicsii Accepted EPM 6 5 Cheirolophus santos-abreui Accepted EPM 3 3 Cheirolophus satarataensis Accepted EPM 0 0 Cheirolophus tagananensis Accepted EPM 2 1 Chrysanthemum flosculosum Synonym EPM 7 2 Cicer canariense Accepted EPM 9 8 Cicer graecum Accepted EPM 0 0 Cineraria malvifolia Synonym EPM 0 0 Cistus chinamadensis Accepted TPL 2 0 Clinopodium taygeteum Accepted EPM 0 0 Cochlearia polonica Accepted EPM 1 0 Cochlearia tatrae Accepted EPM 6 0 Coincya rupestris Accepted EPM 12 4 Colchicum corsicum Accepted EPM 0 0 Consolida samia Accepted TPL 0 0 Convolvulus argyrothamnos Accepted TPL 5 0 Convolvulus fernandesii Accepted TPL 8 0 Convolvulus lopezsocasii Accepted TPL 5 5 Convolvulus massonii Accepted TPL 0 0 Coristospermum huteri Synonym EPM 7 7 Coronopus navasii Accepted EPM 8 4 Crambe arborea Accepted EPM 5 4 Crambe feuilleei Accepted TPL 1 1 Crambe gomeraea Accepted EPM 0 0 Crambe laevigata Accepted EPM 4 2 Crambe microcarpa Accepted EPM 3 2 Crambe pritzelii Accepted EPM 17 14 Crambe scaberrima Accepted EPM 10 7 Crambe scoparia Accepted EPM 6 5 Crambe sventenii Accepted EPM 33 32 Crambe tamadabensis Accepted TPL 4 2 Crambe wildpretii Accepted TPL 1 0 Crataegus nigra Accepted EPM 0 0 Cremnophyton lanfrancoi Synonym EPM 0 0 Crepis crocifolia Synonym EPM 0 0 Crepis granatensis Accepted EPM 6 6 Crepis nigrescens Accepted EPM 0 0 Crepis purpurea Accepted EPM 0 0 Crocus cyprius Accepted EPM 5 4 Crocus hartmannianus Accepted EPM 3 3 Cynoglossum albanicum Synonym EPM 0 0 Cytisus aeolicus Accepted EPM 1 1 Cytisus rosmarinifolius Unresolved TPL 1 0 Dactylorhiza iberica Accepted EPM 0 0 Dactylorhiza kalopissii Accepted EPM 0 0 Dactylorhiza macedonica Synonym EPM 0 0 Dactylorhiza pythagorae Synonym EPM 0 0 Damasonium alisma Accepted EPM 25 2 Damasonium damasonium Synonym EPM 25 2 Damasonium polyspermum Accepted EPM 5 5 Damasonium stellatum Synonym EPM 25 2 Daphne rodriguezii Accepted EPM 7 6 Delphinium caseyi Synonym TPL 0 0 Dendriopoterium pulidoi Accepted EPM 9 9 Dianthus