Index A Holtzman inkblot technique, 136-170 inkblots, 113-114 Acting Out Scores (AOS) , 479-480 Rorschach, 113-135 Adaptation level theory, 49-52 Associative chaining, 22 application to projective techniques, Associative processes, 5 49-52 on psychological tests, 554-558 Adaptation of projective methods, 61l- Attacks Auditory Apperception Test (AA T) , 629; see also Special projective 250-252 methods B Adience-abience, 408-409 measuring degree of, 416 Behavior, 15, 82 Administration of tests, 53 correlations of tests with HIT scores, Adolescence, 68 156-157 Affect system, 90 projective tests for predicting special Aggression behavior, 617-619 delinquents, 89-90 projective theories and, 19-30, 617-619 Hand Test, 479-481 Bellak, Leopold, 18, 224-228 Alcoholics, drawings by, 370-371 Bender-Gestalt Test, 79, 80, 397-420 Alcoholism, 160 administration as projective test, 403- American Psychiatric Association, 563 407 American Psychological Association association phase, 406-407 Standards for Educational and Psy­ copy phase, 404-405 chological Tests and Manuals, 86, elaboration phase, 405-406 87 application and use, 418 Annual Review of Psychology, 81 historical perspective, 397-400 Anxiety, 78, 155 Hutt Adaptation, 412-414 Sarason's Test Anxiety Scale for Chil­ increased use of, 398 dren, 155 interpreting, 407-418 Assessment of personality, 64-84 categories proposed by Hutt, 410-411 diagnostic, 67-69 clinical-intuitive method of analysis, doll play, 341-347 407-408 intelligence test in, 421-460 configurational method of analysis, process phenomena and, 71-75 415-416 psychopathology and, 64, 66-75 development of perceptual behavior, configurations of responses and, 408 67-71 inferential analysis, 408 psychotherapy and, 64, 76-82 perceptual-motoric behavior, 408-409 prediction of therapeutic changes, materials, 400-403 77-79 projective use of, 397-420 use of projective tests, 79-82 scoring, 399 techniques for, 7-8 method based on projective hypothe­ Association techniques, 12, 32, ll3-114 sis, 416-418 INDEX 627 test stimuli, 400-403 Completion methods, 12, 263 Blacky Pictures Test, 38, 95, 239-243, 620 sentence completion techniques, 274-288 Blum, Gerald S_, 14, 38, 239-243 story completion methods, 290-324 Brain damage word associations, 264-273 Bender-Gestalt Test for, 418 Computers for scoring tests, 164 Bruner, J. S., 39-40, 42, 120-129, 133 Condensation, 37 Conflict, 20, 23-24 approach-avoidance, 26, 29 c freedom from, 82 tests to delineate content areas, 69 Cartoon Situations Test (CST), 617 Conformity-deviance, 57 Castration anxiety, 95-96 Connors, C. K., 160 Cattell's Junior Personality Quiz, 155 Constriction of inner experiences, 31 Children's Apperception Test, 615 Constructive techniques, 12 Children's Appreciation Test (CAT), Control, 82 224-228 Convergence, principle of, 383 Children's Insight Test, 301 Correlation coefficients Chi-square tests product-moment, 107-108 validities, I 05 -I 07 "Tau" coefficient, 107 Choice or ordering techniques, 12, 31, 44 Criteria situations, 19-20 Clinic, psychological, 574-577 Cronbach, L. J., 46-49, 72, 137 Clinical case studies Cues, 25 communicating test results, 542-548 Cultural studies, 15 avoidance of abstractions, 545-547 HIT correlated with, 160-162 avoidance of vagueness and uni­ Kahn Test of Symbol Arrangement, 502 versality, 542-543 Lowenfeld Mosaic Test, 482, 492-493 importance of clarity of style and language, 547-548 D incorporating other data, 543-545 extent of, 527-532 Daydreams, 37, 600-604 impact of report on readers, 524 Deaf-retarded population, use of Bender­ inclusion of projective tests, 548-551 Gestalt Test, 416-417 integration of projective techniques, Decision theory, 44, 46-49, 558-563 532-552 definition of, 560-563 multi-level interpretation of person- Defense mechanisms, 38 ality, 527-532 perception theory, 41-43 Level I, 527 structured story technique used to Level Ia, 527-528 study, 308-309 Level II, 528 Delinquents, assaultiveness of, 89-90 Level III, 528-531 Depersonalization process, drawings in­ Rorschach, 532-537 dicating, 380 Sentence Completion Test, 537-542 Depression, 68-69 prediction of future behavior, 525-526 diagnosis of, 159 projective material drawings by narcotic addict with, 373 multi-level interpretations, 527-532 psychotic, 90 projective techniques Developmental theory, 54-55 levels measured by, 532-542 application to projective techniques, purpose of, 523-527 54-55 understanding of the patient, 525 Developmental trends use of proper language, 524 correlation of HIT scores with, 157-158 Cognitive theory and projective tech­ Lowenfeld Mosaic Test, 491-492 niques, 44-49 Diagnostic testing, 23, 30, 67 Communications theory model, 58 on basis of figure drawings, 383, 385 628 INDEX differential Draw-A-Family procedure, 366, 390 Hand Test, 478-479 Draw-A-Person-in-the-Rain, 366 Kahn Test of Symbol Arrangement, Draw-a-Person test, 80 500-501 Draw-An-Animal approach, 366, 390 Lowenfeld Mosaic Test, 486-489 Drawing Completion Technique (DCT) , Szondi test, 470-472 366, 368, 502-5ll doll play and puppetry, 360 expressive motor activity, 502 use of HIT, 158-160 history and theory, 502-503 Displacement, 23, 37 Horn-Hellersberg (HH) test, 505, 509 Doll play, 327-365 materials and instruction, 505 absence of father, 347-348 for personality appraisal, 502 administration, 329-332 recording and scoring, 506-510 structured presentations, 330-331 research and clinical applications, 508- types of incomplete problems, 331- 510 332 technical adequacy, 503-505 unstructured presentations, 329-330 "wideband techniques," 504-505 Driscoll Play Kit, 329 Drawings, projective, 366-393; see also emotional disturbance, 346-347 Projective drawings fantasy aggression, 344-346 Dreams, 37, 600-604 history, 327-328 symbolism, 91 identification and parent preference, 341-343 E illness and physical handicaps, 348-349 materials, 328-329, 334-335 Education parent-child interactions, 343-344 psychologists contributions to, 572-574 personality assessment, 341-347 role of psychological testing, 572-574 racial awareness and racial differences, Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, 349-350 155, 156 recording and interpretation, 332-334 Ego identity, 36, 38 research, 334-351 Ego psychology, 30 age levels, 336 Ego strength, 57 doll family constellations, 335 Elgin Prognostic Scale, 158 experimental conditions, 340-341 Emotional disturbance, 160 experimenter-child interaction, 339- doll play, 346-347 340 Environment, field theory, 52-54 influence of situational factors, 346- Examiners 351 examiner-child interaction, 339-340 manipulation of environmental vari­ objectivity of, 33-34, 36 ables, 339-341 role of, 33, 36 methodological studies, 334-339 sex of, 339 number and length of sessions, 335- Exhibitionists, drawings by, 372-373, 376 336 Existentialism, 56-57 personality assessment, 341-347 Expectancy theory, 24-25, 50-51 quantification of observations, 337- Expressive techniques, 12 338 reliability, 338 F sex differences, 336-337 Facial photographs sex of examiner, 339 projective use of, 461-472 validity, 338-339 Szondi test, 462-472 socioeconomic status, 350-351 Family interaction studies, 578, 606 Structured Doll Play Test (SDP) , 329, Family Relations Test, 578 332, 348, 349 Fantasy activity, 24, 51, 95-96, 600-601 Dramatic Production. tests, 8 coding, 96-97 INDEX 629 doll play, 344-346 sex content indicators, 481 relationship between overt behavior technical adequacy, 476-478 and, 29 HIT; see Holtzman Inkblot Technique relationship of projective technique Holtzman Inkblot Technique (HIT) , and, 37 136-170 Father, absence of, 347-348 administration, 136, 140-142 Feeble-minded, 127 group method, 163-165 Field theory, 52-54 variations in standard method, 163- application to projective techniques, 165 52-54 Austin-Mexico City project, 158, 160- Figure Drawing techniques, 69, 80-81, 161 366-367 based on psychometric principles, ll4 Films and motion pictures clinical applications, 162-163 puppet shows, 358-359 comparison with Rorschach, 136-137, Fisher's Exact Test, 105 152-153 Forer Structured Sentence Completion correlations of inkblot scores, 153-162 Test, 279, 283 with behavioral measures, 156-157 Four Picture Test (Van Lennep) , 5, with cognitive and perceptual mea­ 246-247 sures, 154-155 Franck Drawing Completion Test, 503 with cross-cultural studies, 160-162 criterion categories, 508 with developmental trends in chil­ masculinity-feminity, 510 dren, 157-158 Freud, S., 6, 10, 91, 99 differential diagnosis, 158-160 with personality tests, 155-156 G development, 136, 137-138 inkblots, 136, 138 Games, theory of, 46, 558-559 psychological meaning, 150-152 Generalization, 20, 22 interpretation, 167 Gestalt psychology, 132 literature, 167 Gestures and body movements, 252-253 research studies, 165-166, 588-589 Glueck Prediction tables, 573 scoring, 136, 137-138, 143-146 Graphoscopic scale, 503 correlates of, 153-162 Gratification, 39 dimensions present in, 150-152 psychoanalytic theory of delayed, 594- reliability of, 146-150 596 split-half, 149 Guilford's tests of divergent thinking, 154 use of computers, 164 stimulus material, 114 H test material, 139 test-retest design, 136, 138 Habits, 20 validity studies, 137 emotional, 19 Homosexuals, 71, 531 stimulus summation, 22 drawings by, 371-372, 376 Hand Test, 472-481 Horn Art Aptitude Scale, 503 clinical applications, 478-481 Horn-Hellersberg (HH) test, 505, 509 differential diagnosis, 478-479 House-Tree-Person Drawing device expressive movement, 473 (H-T-P) , 366-367, 390 history and theory, 472-474 Human face test, 461-472 materials