THE ROYAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL Vol LXXV DECEMBER 1961 No 4 CONTENTS Corps Notes . 51 Rock Tunnelling . Major G. Home 353 The Lines of Torres Vedras General Sir James Marshall-Cornwall 383 Electrical and Mechanical Engineering in the Royal Engineers . Major J. McDowell 393 Camp Century, Greenland . Warrant Officer Class I, P. W. James 402 Jubilee of the Royal Engineers' Association . 409 The Carriage of Heavy Lifts by Sea . .Lieut.-Colonel R. C. Gabriel 415 The Use of Gellants in Anti-Corrosive Paints . Major D. M. Esson 429 Kitchener's Orders for the 1911 Coronation . Lieutenant J. R. Sargant 432 Balance of Payment . Colonel H. Nelson 433 One-inch Maps of Great Britain .Colonel J. R. Rawlence 436 Boundary Journal . 437 Correspondence, Memoirs, Book Reviews, Technical Notes . 446 PUBLI ERS At INSTITUTION OF RE OFFICE COPY AGE DO NOT REMOVE C Specialised Postal Coaching for the Army PRACTICAL AND WRITTEN Staff College and Promotion Examinations Specially deised Postal Courses to provide adequate practice for written and oral examalo-An maps supplied-Complet Model Ansers to all Tets--Exert gudance by experienced Anny Tutors-Aduthoritie Study Notes-Al Titdon conducted through the med of the post-Air Mal to Ocers overseas-Modete fees pyable by nstlents. * * * ALSO INTENSVE COMMERCIAL TRAINING FOR EMPLOYMENT ON RETIREMENT Write today for particulars and/or advice, stating examination or civilian career in which interested, to the Secretary, (M12), MetropolitanCollege, St. Albans ADVERTISEMENTS i NEW FACTORY BUILDINGS at ROCHESTER for ELLIOTT-AUTOMATION LIMITED Z ''*1. 11;6 ~~i1 1 Architects: Quantity Surveyors: Yorke, Rosenberg & \lardall Cyril Sweett & Partners Con. 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WEMBLEY 7781 iv ADVERTISEMENTS You are welcome at No. 6 Pall Mall F % at Cox's and King's branch financial affairs of officers stationed of Lloyds Bank, 6 Pall Mall, S.W.I at home or abroad. we have been officially appointed We have departments specialis- Army Agents for over two hundred ing in general and kit insurance, years and Agents to the Royal Air in income tax, the purchase and Force since its inception. Of course sale of stocks and shares and the you may bank where you please but safe custody of valuables. This the reason why so many officers full banking service includes facili- open their personal accounts with ties for serving officers to cash their us is that we have unrivalled cheques at any branch of the Bank experience in dealing with the without prior arrangement. An officer's banking transactions are confidential to him and his bank. Our position as OfficialAgents in no way affects this. LLOYDS BANK LIMITED COX'S & KING'S BRANCH, 6 PALL MALL, S.W.1 Telephone WHitehall 7001 Official Agents to the Army and Royal Air Force : : ; ;:::E;'; ~'::::::::::::I::I :I :: ::`;i:[;::: :::::: ::::::::::;::;..::T ;,: :C;::l:!;li,:: THE COUNCIL OF THE INSTITUTION OF ROYAL ENGINEERS (Incorporated by Royal Charter, 27 February 1923) Patron-HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN President Major-General D. C. T. Swan. CB, CBE ...... ... ... 1961 Vice-Presidents Major-General T. H. F. Foulkes, OBE, MA, MICE ... ... ... ... 1960 Brigadier E. C. R. Stileman, CBE, AMICE ...... ... ... ... 1961 Elected Brigadier P. N. M. Moore, DSO**, MC, BA ... ... ... 1959 Colonel E. F. Kyte, OBE, MA, AMICE ... ... ... 1959 Colonel R. W. C. Smales, MA, AMICE ... ... 1959 Lieut-Colonel G. W. Kirkland, MBE, MICE, MIStruct.E, Mlnst.HE, Flnst. Arb., MConsE ... ... ... ... 1959 Lieut-Colonel J. E. Weller, MC, MA ... ... ... ... ... 1959 Colonel H. C. G. Cartwright-Taylor, BA, AMICE ... ... ... 1960 Lieut-Colonel 1. D. S. Brown, MC, BA ... ... ... 1960 Lieut-Colonel J. R. Cave-Browne, MC, BA .... ... ... 1960 Major G. B. Duffy, MC ......... ... ... 1960 Lieut-Colonel R. H. Braybon, MBE, TD, RE (TA) ... ... ... 1960 Colonel C. W. Woods, MBE, MC, MA ... ... ... 1961 Lieut-Colonel A. H. Rodgers, MC, AMIMechE, RE (AER) ... ... 1961 Captain A. J. Symons ... ...... ... ... ... 1961 Ex-Officio Brigadier A. P. Lavies, CBE, ADC, MA ... ... BGS, RE Colonel A. G. Peart, OBE, BA ... ... ... AAG RE Brigadier E. F. Parker, OBE, BA ... ... ... Comd SME Brigadier L. J. Harris, CBE, MA, FRICS ... ... D Survey Colonel M. B. Adams, BA, MICE,... ... ... Col. (AQ) HQ, SME Brigadier H. W. Kitson, CBE, MA ... ... Comd, Trg Bde, RE Brigadier F. H. Lowman, DSO, MBE, BA ... Comd, Tn CentreRE Brigadier A. J. le G. Jacob, MBE, BA ...... Brig. "E" (Q Services) Corresponding Members Lieut-Colonel P. H. G. Hamilton, BSc, ADSM, RNZE, New Zealand Military Forces ... ...... ... 12 November 1960 Colonel C. Linsell, OBE, MC, Union Defence Force, South Africa ... February 1956 Brigadier A. T. J. Bell, OBE, Australian Military Forces ... 15 August 1960 Colonel D. W. Cunnington, GM, CD, Canadion Army ... 2 September 1958 Secretary and Editor RE Journal Brigadier J. H. S. Lacey, CBE, BA ... ... ... ... 15 December 1958 Bankers Lloyds Bank, Ltd, Cox's and King's Branch, 6 Pall Mall, SWI 4,250 1.12.61 THE ROYAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL Authors alone are responsiblefor the statements made and the opinions expressed in their papers VOL. LXXV CONTENTS DECEMBER, 1961 PAGE I. CORPS NOTES 351 2. ROCK TUNNELLING. BY MAJOR G. HORNE, AMICE, RE (With Sketches) 353 3. THE LINES OF TORRES VEDRAS. BY GENERAL SIR JAMES MARSIIALL-CORNWALL, KBE, CBE, DSO, MC. (With Photographsand Afaps) . 4. ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IN THE ROYAL ENGINEERS. BY MAJOR J. MCDOWELL, RE 393 5. CAMP CENTURY, GREENLAND. BY WARRANT OFFICER CLASS I P. \W. JAMES, RE (With Sketches) 402 6. JUBILEE OF TIlE ROYAL ENGINEERS' ASSOCIATION 409 7. THE CARRIAGE OF HEAVY LIFTS BY SEA. BY LIEUT-COLONEL R. C. GABRIEL, RE (With Photographsand Graph) 415 8. THE USE OF GELLANTS IN ANTI-CORROSIVE PAINTS. BY MAJOR D. M. R. ESSON, BSC, AMICE . 429 9. KITCHENER'S ORDERS FOR THE I911 CORONATION. BY LIEUTENANT J. R. SARGANT, RE (TA) 432 10. BALANCE OF PAYMENT. BY COLONEL H. NELSON, OBE . 433 II. ONE-INCH MAPS OF GREAT BRITAIN. BY COLONEL J. R. RAWLENCE, OBE, BA, ARICS 436 12. BOUNDARY JOURNAL 437 13. CORRESPONDENCE 446 14. MEMOIRS . 450 LIEUT.GENERAL SIR LIONEL VIVIAN BOND, KBE, CB (With Photograph) 45° MAJOR-GENERALJ. S. LETHBRIDGE, CB, CBE, MC (With Photograph). 452 BRIGADIER W. G. TYRRELL, DSO, MInstT (With Photograph) 458 15. BOOK REVIEWS . 460 HIGHLY EXPLOSIVE . M.C.A.H. CIIANGING VIEWS OF TIHE UNIVERSE . J.V.B.-J.R. AUSTRALIA IN TIIE WVAR OF 1939-45 VOL VI. THE NEW GUINEA OFFENSIVE B.T.W. HISTORY OF THE SECOND WORLD XVAR-TIIE STRATEGIC AIR OFFENSIVE AGAINST GERMANY 1939-45 VOLUMES I TO IV . J.L. 16. TECHNICAL NOTES . 463 CIVIL ENGINEERING THE CONTRACT JOURNAL THE MILITARY ENGINEER ENGINEERING JOURNAL OF CANADA Presentation of the Queens Challenge Cup to 432 Corps Notes THE year 1962 which lies ahead will witness several famous Sapper anniver- saries. On 23 April the School of Military Engineering, Chatham will celebrate its 150th Birthday. 1 April 1962 will mark the hundredth anniversary of the amalgamation of the officers of the Honorable East India Company's Madras, Bengal and Bombay Engineers into the Corps of Royal Engineers. On 12 October 1962 the Royal Engineers Association becomes fifty years old. On 13 May 1912 the Air Battalion Royal Engineers disbanded and handed over responsibility for military flying to a newly formed Corps which, known now as the Royal Air Force, has developed during the intervening fifty years beyond even the wildest dreams of early Sapper pioneer aeronauts-a most bonnie baby indeed of the Corps. * * * * * The frontispiece of this issue of the Journal shows the Chief Royal Engineer, General Sir Frank Simpson, presenting the Queen's Challenge Cup to Lieut-Colonel P. Whyte, the Commanding Officer of 432 (City of Edinburgh) Corps Engineer Regiment (TA). The Queen's Challenge Cup is awarded to the best unit at sport in the Territorial Army, and this is the first time that the Cup has been won by a Royal Engineer TA unit. Also shown in the photograph are Colonel J. M. Flint, Commander 29 Engineer Group TA, Brigadier H. R. Greenwood, Chief Engineer Scottish Command, and Brigadier A. D. M. Teacher CBE, Joint Honorary Colonel of the Regiment. * * * * * Exercise SPEARPOINT, carried out in Germany this year, was concerned with operations involving the employment of tactical nuclear weapons. The exercise proved without doubt the tremendously important part the Corps must play in such operations. 36 Corps Engineer Regiment moved from Maidstone to take part in the exercise complete with equipment and vehicles, embarking at Upnor in craft of the RASC LCT Squadron.