2020, Vol. 9, No. 2 ISSN 2450–7458 Platelet volume indices: markers of carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus? Riya M Waghale, Rajashree Sanjay Khot, Prashant P Joshi Impact of smoking and nicotine addiction on HbA1c levels and diabetic microvascular complication Hüseyin Akkuzulu, Cenk Aypak, Ayşe Özdemir, Süleyman Görpelioğlu Sugary beverages consumption and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis Ahmed Mahmoud El-Malky, Ramachandra G Naik, Azza A Elnouman The effect of low dose glargine U 300 on uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. An observational study in Indian patients Asis Mitra, Saswati Ray, Sushma Jayan Coffee in the diet and prevention of diabetes Regina Wierzejska Editor-in-Chief Scientific Board dr hab. n. med. Leszek Czupryniak, prof. nadzw. (Poland) prof. Antionio Ceriello (Spain) prof. dr hab. n. med. Edward Franek (Poland) Deputy Editor-in-Chief prof. dr hab. n. med. Władysław Grzeszczak (Poland) prof. dr hab. n. med. 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The rights of the publisher are protected by national copyright laws and by international conventions, and their violation will be punishable by penal sanctions. Legal note: http://czasopisma.viamedica.pl/dk/about/legalNote Editorial policies and author guidelines are published on journal website: https://journals.viamedica.pl./clinical_diabetology Indexed in base of CAS, Index Copernicus (ICV 2018 = 115.18), Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, in base of The Ministry of Science and Higher Education (20) and Cite Score (0.11) The journal “Clinical Diabetology” is financed under Contract No. 790/P-DUNdem/2019 by the funds of the Minister of Science and Higher Education for the science promotion activities. Copyright © 2020 Via Medica JOURNAL OF THE DIABETES POLAND 2020, Vol. 9, No. 2 Contents ORIGINAL ARTICLES Platelet volume indices: markers of carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus? Riya M Waghale, Rajashree Sanjay Khot, Prashant P Joshi ___________________________________________________________ 103 Impact of smoking and nicotine addiction on HbA1c levels and diabetic microvascular complication Hüseyin Akkuzulu, Cenk Aypak, Ayşe Özdemir, Süleyman Görpelioğlu ________________________________________________ 112 Sugary beverages consumption and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis Ahmed Mahmoud El-Malky, Ramachandra G Naik, Azza A Elnouman ________________________________________________ 118 The effect of low dose glargine U 300 on uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. An observational study in Indian patients Asis Mitra, Saswati Ray, Sushma Jayan ___________________________________________________________________________ 128 CASE REPORTS Lower limb bilateral pyomyositis in a diabetic patient: case report and literature review Márcio Luís Duarte, Ralff Mallmann, Simone Botelho Alvarenga, Lucas Ribeiro dos Santos, José Luiz Masson de Almeida Prado, Luiz Carlos Donoso Scoppetta __________________________________________________ 134 Long term management challenges in diabetic patients with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis Nishesh Jain, Sri Venkata Madhu ________________________________________________________________________________ 138 Levofloxacin-induced life-threatening hypoglycemia in a type 2 diabetic patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and community-acquired pneumonia Anna Majda, Paweł Rostoff, Jadwiga Nessler, Grzegorz Gajos _______________________________________________________ 141 REVIEW ARTICLE Coffee in the diet and prevention of diabetes Regina Wierzejska _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 144 ORIGINAL ARTICLE ISSN 2450–7458 Riya M Waghale1, Rajashree Sanjay Khot2 , Prashant P Joshi2 1Indira Gandhi Govt Medical College, Nagpur, India 2All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India Platelet volume indices: markers of carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus? ABSTRACT implying cardiovascular risk. PVI have a positive asso- Background. Platelet volume indices (PVI) such as ciation with microvascular complications also. PVI as mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution determined by simple automated CBC can be used as width (PDW), and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and predictor of are the indicators of platelet activity and may have future cardiovascular events in T2DM. (Clin Diabetol a role in subclinical atherosclerosis and microvascular 2020; 9; 2: 103–111) complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We evaluated PVI in diabetics for their association with Key words: T2DM, PVI, increased CIMT, microvascular carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and micro- complications vascular complications. Methods. Participants — 105 T2DM patients and age, gender matched 105 controls were evaluated by his- Introduction tory and complete blood counts (CBC) including PVI, In T2DM, platelets and their interaction with the vessel wall play a role in atherogenesis and in the forma- blood sugars, HbA1c, lipid profile and microvascular complications. PVI were compared between cases and tion of the coronary thrombus. Several haemorrheologi- controls. Carotid Doppler was done and CIMT was cor- cal alterations take place in both T1DM and T2DM. The related with PVI. erythrocytes are altered and become less deformable, Results. PVI were found significantly higher in diabetic contributing to increased whole blood viscosity. The patients compared to controls. Mean MPV in cases vs. platelet function is also altered in diabetes. Diabetic controls was (11.09 ± 1.02 fL vs. 10.28 ± 0.96 fL, p £ thrombocytopathy refers to differences in platelet 0.001), mean PDW (13.46 ± 1.96 fL vs. 12.85 ± 3.54 function between diabetic and nondiabetic individu- fL, p = 0.12), mean P-LCR (31.92 ± 6.23% vs. 27.94 ± als. Among diabetic individuals, differences are due to 5.94%, p £ 0.001). CIMT showed a positive significant the following: reduced membrane hydration, altered association with MPV, PDW and PLCR, dyslipidemia and Ca2+ and Mg2+ homeostasis (increased intracellular negative with glycemic control. PVI, especially MPV Ca2+ mobilization and decreased intracellular Mg2+), was significantly elevated in those with neuropathy, increased arachidonic acid metabolism, increased TXA2 nephropathy and retinopathy. synthesis, decreased prostacyclin production, decreased Conclusion. PVI i.e. MPV, PDW, P-LCR are increased in NO production, decreased antioxidant levels, increased diabetic patients. They correlate positively with CIMT, expression of activation-dependent adhesion molecules (e.g., GpIIb–IIIa, P-selectin) [1]. Platelets from patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes exhibit enhanced platelet aggregation acti- Address for correspondence: vity