Draft Final Report National Assessment of Cambodia's Main Crop and Fodder Resources Commissioned by the Department of Animal Production and Health and Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations' Environmental Animal Health Management Initiative in Cambodia, funded by the Government of Italy Prepared by: Mr. Aum Sitha, Centre for Livestock and Agriculture Development (CelAgrid), Phnom Penh, Cambodia ‐ ‐ February 2012 Contents Summary ....................................................................................................................................... i Livestock and Poultry Resources .................................................................................................. ii Land Cover and Fodder Resources ................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... iv Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... v 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Study Objectives....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Duration ................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Personnel ................................................................................................................................. 2 2 Activities ................................................................................................................................. 2 2.1 Data Collection ......................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Initial Meeting .......................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Crop Cutting Study ................................................................................................................... 3 3 Landforms: Elevation, Sloop and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) ................................................ 4 4 Cambodia Land Use and Land Cover ....................................................................................... 7 5 Livestock Distributions ........................................................................................................... 7 5.1 Cattle ........................................................................................................................................ 7 5.2 Buffalo .................................................................................................................................... 12 5.3 Pigs ......................................................................................................................................... 13 5.4 Goats and Sheep .................................................................................................................... 14 5.5 Horse ...................................................................................................................................... 15 5.6 Poultry .................................................................................................................................... 16 5.7 Total Livestock and Poultry Biomass ...................................................................................... 17 6 Crop and Fodder Resources .................................................................................................. 18 6.1 Rice ......................................................................................................................................... 18 6.1.1. Rice Straw ........................................................................................................................ 20 6.2 Corn (Maize) ........................................................................................................................... 25 6.2.1. Further Information about Corn (Maize) Production and Products ................................ 27 6.3 Sugarcane ............................................................................................................................... 33 6.3.1. Further Information about Sugarcane Production and Products.................................... 39 6.4 Cassava ................................................................................................................................... 42 6.4.1. Further Information about Cassava Production and Products ....................................... 43 6.5 Grass ....................................................................................................................................... 50 7 Maps of Fodder and Crop Production ................................................................................... 57 7.1 Rice ......................................................................................................................................... 57 7.2 Corn ........................................................................................................................................ 58 7.3 Sugarcane ............................................................................................................................... 58 7.4 Cassava ................................................................................................................................... 59 7.5 Grass ....................................................................................................................................... 59 8 Discussion and Conclusions .................................................................................................. 60 8.1 Provincial Comparison of Animal Biomass and Crop/Fodder Production ............................. 60 8.2 Livestock and Poultry Resources ............................................................................................ 62 8.3 Land Form, Land Cover and Fodder Resources ..................................................................... 63 9 Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 65 ‐ i ‐ 10 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 66 Annex I: Crop Cut Survey Forms ................................................................................................. 67 Tables Table 1 : Summary of Collected Samples of Each Crop by Province and District. .............................................................. 3 Table 2 : Livestock Density (head/km2) by Province in Cambodia, 2010 ............................................................................ 9 Table 3 : Top 24 Districts with Highest Density of Cattle, Buffalo and Pigs (head/km2) in Cambodia, 2010 .................... 10 Table 4 : Top 24 Districts with Highest Poultry, Sheep Goat, and Total Biomass Density in Cambodia, 2010 ................. 11 Table 5 : Rice Production and Production Density in Cambodia by Season, 2010/11 ...................................................... 19 Table 6 : Top Ten Districts with Highest Wet Season Rice Production Density, 2010/11 ................................................ 19 Table 7 : Top Ten Districts with Highest Dry Season Rice Production Density, 2010/11 .................................................. 20 Table 8 : Rice Production and Animal Feed Resources by Province, 2010/11 .................................................................. 21 Table 9 : Top 24 Districts with Highest Rice Production Density and Animal Feed Resources by Province, 2010/11 ...... 22 Table 10 : Corn (Maize) Production and Production Density in Cambodia, 2010/11 ....................................................... 25 Table 11 : Top Twenty Four Districts with Highest Corn (Maize) Production Density, 2010/11 ...................................... 26 Table 12 : Corn (Maize) Production Density and Animal Feed Resources by Province, 2010/11 ..................................... 31 Table 13: Top Twenty Four Districts with Highest Corn (Maize) Production Density, 2010/11 ....................................... 32 Table 14 : Sugarcane Production and Production Density in Cambodia, 2010/11 ........................................................... 33 Table 15 : Top Ten Districts with Highest Sugarcane Production Density, 2010/11......................................................... 34 Table 16 : Sugarcane Production and Animal Feed Resources by Province, 2010/11 ...................................................... 37 Table 17 : Top 24 Districts with Highest Sugarcane Production Density and Animal Feed Resources, 2010/11 ............. 38 Table 18 : Cassava Production and Production Density in Cambodia, 2010/11 ............................................................... 42 Table 19 : Top Ten Districts with Highest Cassava Production Density, 2010/11............................................................. 43 Table 20 : Cassava Production and Animal Feed Resources by Province, 2010/11 .......................................................... 48 Table 21 : Top 24 Districts with Highest Cassava Production Density and Animal Feed Resources, 2010/11 ................