Publication 360A Crop Protection Guide for Apples 2021 Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Discard old editions of this publication. Each year a with serious pest outbreaks. An emergency is generally Ontario regulates pesticides by placing appropriate committee comprised of representatives from provincial deemed to exist when both of the following criteria education, licensing and/or permit requirements on their government, industry, academia and grower organiza- are met: use, under the Pesticides Act and Regulation 63/09. tions review the pesticides listed in the publication. A. An unexpected and unmanageable pest outbreak All pesticides must be used in accordance with To the best knowledge of the committee, at the time or pest situation occurs that can cause significant requirements under the Pesticides Act and Regulation of publishing, the pesticide products listed in this health, environmental or economic problems; and 63/09, which are available on the e-laws website publication were federally registered. B. Registered pesticides and cultural control methods at ontario.ca/laws or by calling the ServiceOntario Publications Toll-Free number: 1-800-668-9938 or The information in this publication is general or practices are insufficient to address the pest 416-326-5300. information only. The Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, outbreak. Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) does not offer any warranty or guarantee, nor does it assume any MAXIMUM RESIDUE LIMITS CLASSIFICATION OF PESTICIDES liability for any crop loss, animal loss, health, safety or The PMRA has established maximum residue limits As of May 1, 2020, Ontario’s pesticides classes environmental hazard caused by the use of a pesticide have been aligned with the federal government’s mentioned in this publication. (MRLs) for pesticides. An MRL is the maximum amount of pesticide residue that may remain on food after a pesticide categories to remove duplication and reduce This publication lists a number of brand names of pesticide is applied as per label directions and which complexity for the sale and use of pesticides in Ontario, pesticides. It is neither an endorsement of the product can safely be consumed. Processors or retailers may while ensuring continued protection of human health nor a suggestion that similar products are ineffective. demand more restrictive limits. Growers should and the environment. seek advice of their intended market to determine if MECP automatically classifies pesticides in Ontario as THE PESTICIDE LABEL more restrictive limitations apply. Keep accurate and Class A, B, C, D or E. The Ontario pesticide classification up-to-date records on pesticide use in each crop. system provides the basis for regulating the distribution, Consult each product label before you use a pesticide. availability and use of pesticide products in Ontario. The label provides specific information on how to For more information on the classification of pesticides, use the product safely, hazards, restrictions on use, SUPPLEMENTAL/AMENDED LABELS visit the MECP website at ontario.ca/pesticides. compatibility with other products, the effect of Supplemental/amended labels provide label directions environmental conditions, etc. for new approved uses for a registered pesticide that do not appear on the current label. These label CERTIFICATION AND LICENSING directions MUST be followed when using the pesticide The pesticide product label is a legal document. Growers and Their Assistants for these purposes. Follow all label instructions. For information about farmer training and certification Examples of when you must use a supplemental/ requirements, visit the MECP website at ontario.ca/ amended label include: pesticides and for information on courses check the REGISTRATION OF PESTICIDE PRODUCTS • Emergency Use Registration Ontario Pesticide Education Program website at www.opep.ca or call 1-800-652-8573. The Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) of • Minor Use Label Expansion Health Canada registers pesticide products for use Pesticide Commercial Applicators (Exterminators) You can obtain a copy of a supplemental amended label in Canada following an evaluation of scientific data and Their Assisting Technicians from the pesticide manufacturer or pesticide vendor, to ensure that the product has value, and the human the grower association that sponsored the emergency For more information about exterminator licensing and health and environmental risks associated with its registration or minor use, from OMAFRA crop specialists technician training, visit: proposed use are acceptable. or PMRA’s Pest Management Information Service. • the Ontario Pesticide Training and Certification website at www.ontariopesticide.com or call 1. Full Registration For more information on the federal registration status, check the PMRA website at www.healthcanada.gc.ca/ 1-888-620-9999 or 519-674-1575 Pesticide registrations are normally granted for a pmra or call 1-800-267-6315. • the Pesticide Industry Council’s Pesticide Technician period of 5 years, subject to renewal. Program website at www.horttrades.com/pesticide- REGULATION OF PESTICIDES IN ONTARIO technician or call 1-800-265-5656 or e-mail 2. Emergency Registration The Ontario Ministry of Environment, Conservation and [email protected] An emergency registration is a temporary, time-limited Parks (MECP) is responsible for regulating pesticide sale, • the Pesticide Industry Regulatory Council (PIRC) at registration of no more than 1 year, approved to deal use, transportation, storage and disposal in Ontario. www.oipma.ca. Publication 360A Crop Protection Guide for Apples 2021 Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Acknowledgements The information contained in this publication is printed following review by the Fruit Technical Working Group, comprised of representatives from provincial and federal governments, academia and industry. If you need technical or business information Contact the Agricultural Information Contact Centre at 1-877-424-1300 [email protected] Looking for fruit production information on the Internet? Check the OMAFRA website at ontario.ca/crops This publication contains pesticide control products that have been registered as of October 31, 2020, on fruit crops. Any updates to this information will be posted on the OMAFRA website at ontario.ca/crops Cover Images Left: Oriental fruit moth damage on Idared fruitlet Right: Apple scab on Empire ii COMING SOON! For the 2022 growing season, you will be able to access the information currently listed in this publication through a new, digital application. The application will replace OMAFRA’s crop protection publications and provide you with information in one single location. This one-stop tool for crop protection information will allow you to: ✔ customize and navigate through information based on your specific needs; ✔ access information when you need it to make important business decisions; and ✔ access information digitally, either through desktop, tablet or mobile. Updates can be found at: ontario.ca/crops iii iv Contents Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 2. Pest Management ...................................................................................................15 Levels of Control for Fungicides and Insecticides/Miticides ........................................ 1 Pest Management Tools ...........................................................................................................15 Fungicides ................................................................................................................................... 1 Cultural and Mechanical/Physical ..................................................................................15 Insecticides/Miticides .............................................................................................................2 Biological ...................................................................................................................................15 Behavioural ...............................................................................................................................16 1. Using Pesticides in Ontario ................................................................................. 3 Chemical ....................................................................................................................................16 Federal Registration of Pesticides ..........................................................................................3 Degree-Day Modeling ...............................................................................................................17 Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) ............................................................................................3 Managing Pesticide Resistance ............................................................................................18 Regulation of Pesticides in Ontario ........................................................................................4 Pest Resistance to Fungicides, Insecticides and Miticides .....................................18 Classification of Pesticides ........................................................................................................4 Resistance Management Strategies ...............................................................................19 Certification and Licensing ........................................................................................................5