WRIT OF SUMMONS: On this day of two thousand and seventeen, at the request of (1) Mrs Esther Duke Kiobel, of Dallas, United States of America (2) Mrs Victoria Bera, of Winnipeg, Canada, (3) Mrs Blessing Ken Nordu, of Giokoo, Gokana, Nigeria and (4) Mrs Charity Vureka Levula, of Bomu, Gokana, Nigeria, all choosing their address for service in this matter at Linnaeusstraat 2A in Amsterdam (1092 CK) at the offices of Prakken d’Oliveira, Human Rights Lawyers, of which firm Ms. Ch. Samkalden and Mr. T. de Boer are handling this case and acting as counsel; I, With the proviso that the exhibits will not be served together with the summons, but will be submitted into the proceedings in a timely fashion, have summoned: (1) the legal entity under foreign law Royal Dutch Shell, plc, with its registered office in England and Wales in accordance with the articles of association and its registered office in The Hague, at Carel van Bylandtlaan 30 (2596 HR), serving my writ there at its office address and leaving a copy of this writ with: (2) the public company Shell Petroleum N.V., with registered office in The Hague, a successor by universal title of the public company N.V. Koninklijke Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij, with registered office in The Hague, at Carel van Bylandtlaan 30 (2596 HR), serving my writ there at its office address and leaving a copy with: 1 (3) the legal entity under foreign law the Shell Transport and Trading Company, limited, with its registered office in London, United Kingdom and its principal place of business at the Shell Centre in London, SE1 7NA, United Kingdom, for which I, bailiff, pursuant to Section 56 of the Dutch Code of Civil Procedure, in my capacity as transmitting agency as referred to in the Implementing Act of Regulation (EC) No 1393/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2007 (EU Service Regulation), have on this day transmitted two copies of this writ to the receiving agency in London, United Kingdom, that is: Royal Courts of Justice Room E16 Strand WC2A 2LL London United Kingdom this transmission has taken place by registered post; an English translation of this summons is attached; the form referred to in Article 4(3) of the above Regulation has been completed in English by me, bailiff; I have asked the receiving agency to serve this summons on the respondent in the manner described under 5 in the above “request for service of documents” form, that is service according to the law of the state addressed (form 5.1) and to return to me, with the certificate of service referred to in Article 10 of the above Regulation, one copy of the copy of this writ to be returned, accompanied by an English translation, also transmitted to the respondent on this day by Fedex, giving notice that receipt of this document may be refused if it is not in English, or a language that the respondent understands, and that in the event of refusal the document must be returned to me, bailiff, within one week, accompanied by the completed form (4) the legal entity organised under foreign law Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria, limited, with registered office in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, and principal place of business at Rumuobiakani, Shell Industrial Area, P.O. Box 263, therefore serving my writ at the Public Prosecutor’s Office at the Court of The Hague at Prins Clauslaan 60 and leaving two copies of this writ and an English translation with: employed at this office and also sending a copy of this writ to the respondent by Fedex 2 to: appear, not in person but represented by counsel, at the hearing of the District Court of The Hague in the law courts at Prins Clauslaan 60 in The Hague on Wednesday the eleventh day of October 2017 at 10:00 a.m.; with the express notification that: a. if a defendant fails to appoint counsel or fails to pay the court fee referred to below on time, and the prescribed time limits and formalities have been observed, the court will declare the defendant to be in default of appearance and will allow the claim described below, unless it finds that the claim is not justified or unfounded; b. if at least one of the defendants appears at the proceedings and has paid the court fee on time, one judgment will be given between all the parties, which will be regarded as a judgment in a defended action; c. on appearance of the defendant at the proceedings a court fee will be levied, to be paid within four weeks from the date of appearance; d. the amount of the court fees is given in the latest schedule to the Court Fees (Civil Cases) Act, which can for instance be found on the website: www.kbvg.nl/griffierechtentabel e. a court fee for persons of limited means determined by or pursuant to the law will be levied on a person of limited means if on the date on which the court fee is levied he has submitted: - a copy of the decision to assign counsel referred to in Section 29 of the Legal Aid Act or, if this is not possible by reason of circumstances that cannot reasonably be attributed to him, a copy of the application referred to in Section 24(2) of the Legal Aid Act, or - a statement of the board of the legal aid council referred to in Section 7(3)(e) of the Legal Aid Act showing that his income does not exceed the incomes referred to in the order in council pursuant to Section 35(2) of that Act; f. under Section 15 of the Court Fees (Civil Cases) Act, a joint court fee is levied once only on defendants who appear by the same counsel and deliver identical statements or put up an identical defence; in order to hear the following claim put forward at this hearing: 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction. ..................................................................................................................... 7 The parties ........................................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Esther Kiobel ............................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Dr. Barinem Nubari Kiobel ................................................................................. 9 2.2 Victoria Bera ............................................................................................................. 10 2.2.1 Baribor Bera ...................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Blessing Kem Nordu ................................................................................................. 10 2.3.1 Nordu Eawo ....................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Charity Vureka Levula .............................................................................................. 11 2.4.1 Paul Levula ........................................................................................................ 11 2.5 Shell Petroleum and Development Company of Nigeria, Ltd. .................................. 11 2.6 Shell Petroleum N.V. (formerly Royal Dutch Petroleum Company (Koninklijke Nederlandse Petroleum Maatschappij N.V.) ............................................................. 12 2.7 Shell Transport and Trading Company, ltd (formerly Shell Transport and Trading Company, p.l.c) ......................................................................................................... 13 2.8 Royal Dutch Shell plc ................................................................................................ 13 Factual background ........................................................................................................ 14 3.1 Shell in Nigeria .......................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Consequences of oil extraction in Ogoniland ............................................................ 16 3.3 Nigeria in the 1990s .................................................................................................. 18 3.3.1 The Nigerian Junta ............................................................................................. 18 3.3.2 MOSOP ............................................................................................................. 20 The Ogoni 9 show trial................................................................................................... 21 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 21 4.2 Arrests ....................................................................................................................... 22 4.2.1 Kiobel ................................................................................................................ 22 4.2.2 Bera .................................................................................................................... 24 4.2.3 Eawo .................................................................................................................. 24 4.2.4 Levula ................................................................................................................ 25 4.2.5 Manhunt in Ogoniland ....................................................................................... 25 4.3 Ogoni Civil Disturbances Special Tribunal ............................................................... 26 4.4 Ill-treatment of the suspects