THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/12477 SHARE Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Goals, Strategies, and Challenges DETAILS 172 pages | 8.5 x 11 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-12660-1 | DOI 10.17226/12477 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK U.S. Committee on the Internationalization of the Civilian Nuclear Fuel Cycle; Committee on International Security and Arms Control; Policy and Global Affairs; Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board; Division on Earth and Life FIND RELATED TITLES Studies; National Academy of Sciences; National Research Council; Russian Committee on the Internationalization of the Civilian Nuclear Fuel Cycle; Russian Academy of Sciences Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Goals, Strategies, and Challenges U. S. Committee on the Internationalization of the Civilian Nuclear Fuel Cycle Committee on International Security and Arms Control, Policy and Global Affairs Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board Division on Earth and Life Sciences Russian Committee on the Internationalization of the Civilian Nuclear Fuel Cycle RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Goals, Strategies, and Challenges THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Grants from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Additional support was provided by the Russian Academy of Sciences. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number: 13-978-0-309-12660-1 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 10-0-309-12660-6 A limited number of complimentary copies are available from the Committee on International Security and Arms Control, National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20001; +202-334- 2811. Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2009 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Goals, Strategies, and Challenges The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. 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Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Goals, Strategies, and Challenges COMMITTEE ON THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF THE CIVILIAN NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES JOHN F. AHEARNE, (Chair), Sigma XI ROBERT J. BUDNITZ, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory MATTHEW BUNN, Harvard University WILLIAM F. BURNS, Major General (USA, retired) STEVE FETTER, University of Maryland ROSE GOTTEMOELLER, Carnegie Moscow Center MILTON LEVENSON, Bechtel International (retired) COMMITTEE ON THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF THE CIVILIAN NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NIKOLAY P. LAVEROV, (Chair), Russian Academy of Sciences VALERY S. BEZZUBTSEV, Rostekhnadzor ALEXANDER V. BYCHKOV, Research Institute of Atomic Reactors VALENTIN B. IVANOV, Institute of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry BORIS F. MYASOEDOV, Russian Academy of Sciences VLADISLAV A. PETROV, Institute of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry MIKHAIL I. SOLONIN, Technology and Innovation Center of the TVEL Corporation National Research Council Staff MICAH D. LOWENTHAL, Study Director, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board ANNE M. HARRINGTON, Director, Committee on International Security and Arms Control RITA S. GUENTHER, Senior Program Associate, Committee on International Security and Arms Control Russian Academy of Sciences Staff YURI K. SHIYAN, Director, Office for North American Scientific Cooperation v Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Goals, Strategies, and Challenges Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Internationalization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Goals, Strategies, and Challenges PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The so-called nuclear renaissance has increased worldwide interest in nuclear power. This potential growth also has increased, in some quarters, concern that nonproliferation considerations are not being given sufficient attention. In particular, since the introduction of many new power reactors will lead to requiring an increase in uranium enrichment services to provide the reactor fuel, the proliferation risk of adding enrichment facilities in countries that do not have them now led to proposals to provide the needed fuel without requiring new indigenous enrichment facilities. Similar concerns exist for reprocessing facilities. In 2006, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Mohamed ElBaradei, Russian President Vladimir V. Putin, and U.S. President George W. Bush each announced plans to assure the provision of fuel to countries that want to develop nuclear power. The proposals were aimed at dissuading these countries from building uranium enrichment plants because such plants could be used to produce weapons-usable highly enriched uranium. In the spring of 2006, members of the Committees on International Security and Arms Control of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), which have had a productive partnership for more than 25 years, met with each other, with senior officials in their respective governments, and with Director General ElBaradei to identify issues of national and international importance on which independent advice from the two academies would be useful.