View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Pepperdine Digital Commons Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations 2017 Developing a supplemental resource for trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapists working with lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescent survivors of interpersonal trauma Paul N. Perales Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Perales, Paul N., "Developing a supplemental resource for trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapists working with lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescent survivors of interpersonal trauma" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 869. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd/869 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected] , [email protected]. Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology DEVELOPING A SUPPLEMENTAL RESOURCE FOR TRAUMA-FOCUSED COGNITIVE- BEHAVIORAL THERAPISTS WORKING WITH LESBIAN, GAY, AND BISEXUAL ADOLESCENT SURVIVORS OF INTERPERSONAL TRAUMA A clinical dissertation presented in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Psychology by Paul N. Perales August, 2017 Thema Bryant-Davis, Ph.D.—Dissertation Chairperson This clinical dissertation, written by Paul N. Perales under the guidance of a Faculty Committee and approved by its members, has been submitted to and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of DOCTOR OF PSYCHOLOGY Doctoral Committee: Thema Bryant-Davis, Ph.D. Chairperson Shelly Harrell, Ph.D. Leslie Ross, Psy.D. © Copyright by Paul N. Perales (2017) All Rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... vii VITA ............................................................................................................................................ viii ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................................x INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 Prevalence Rates and Effects of Trauma Among Children and Adolescents ......................2 Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy .................................................................5 Efficacy of TF-CBT In Treating Traumatic Stress Among Children and Adolescents .......7 Towards Adapting or Modifying Evidence-Based Treatments .........................................11 A Rationale for Developing Culturally Sensitive Treatments Specific to LGB Youth .....21 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................29 Rationale for This Project ..................................................................................................29 Overview ............................................................................................................................30 Development of the Resource Manual ...............................................................................32 Evaluation of the Resource Manual ...................................................................................34 RESULTS ......................................................................................................................................36 Brief Overview of the Development of the Resource Manual ..........................................36 Summary of the Results .....................................................................................................37 DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................53 Strengths of the Resource ..................................................................................................55 Weaknesses of the Resource ..............................................................................................56 Limitations and Future Directions .....................................................................................58 Conclusion and Implications ..............................................................................................59 REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................62 APPENDIX A: Supplemental Resource Manual ..........................................................................78 APPENDIX B: Email to Recruit Expert Reviewer ......................................................................322 APPENDIX C: Qualification Form for Expert Reviewer ............................................................324 APPENDIX D: Informed Consent Form .....................................................................................326 APPENDIX E: Evaluation Form .................................................................................................331 APPENDIX F: IRB Approval Letter ..........................................................................................335 vi LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Evaluators’ Characteristics ..............................................................................................38 Table 2. Feedback on Recommendations (Question 1) .................................................................40 Table 3. Feedback on Recommendations (Question 2) .................................................................40 Table 4. Feedback on Recommendations (Question 3) .................................................................41 Table 5. Feedback on Recommendations (Question 4) .................................................................42 Table 6. Feedback on Recommendations (Question 5) .................................................................43 Table 7. Specific Feedback on Recommendations (Question 6a) .................................................45 Table 8. Specific Feedback on Recommendations (Question 6b) .................................................46 Table 9. Specific Feedback on Recommendations (Question 6c) .................................................46 Table 10. Specific Feedback on Recommendations (Question 6d) ...............................................47 Table 11. Specific Feedback on Recommendations (Question 6e) ...............................................47 Table 12. Specific Feedback on Recommendations (Question 6f) ................................................48 Table 13. Specific Feedback on Recommendations (Question 6g) ...............................................49 Table 14. Specific Feedback on Recommendations (Question 6h) ...............................................50 Table 15. Specific Feedback on Recommendations (Question 6i) ................................................50 Table 16. Feedback on Recommendations (Question 7) ...............................................................51 Table 17. Feedback on Recommendations (Question 8) ..............................................................51 vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is hard to believe that this last leg of a long and rewarding journey is finally coming to a close. However, I would not have been able to make it this far without the encouragement of those closest to me. To my mom – who deserves an honorary doctorate for listening to me talk about this topic for the past few years, to my father, who has supported me whole-heartedly in everything I have ever done, to Ryan, for your patience, constant encouragement, love, and support, and to all of my friends who inspire me with their authenticity, courage, and creativity, who pick me up when I need lifting, and remind me of my own strength… thank you. I would also like to thank Worthie Meacham for inspiring me to be the person I am today and for teaching me the meanings of self-acceptance and pride. In addition to this, I would like to thank my dissertation chair, Dr. Thema Bryant-Davis, for her support and guidance and to my committee members, Dr. Shelly Harrell and Dr. Leslie Ross, thank you for expertise, time, and encouragement. viii VITA PAUL N. PERALES, M.A. EDUCATION 09/2012-05/2017 Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology Los Angeles, CA Doctor of Psychology May 2010 California State University, Northridge Northridge, CA Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology August 2005 University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA Bachelor of Arts in Communications and Culture CLINICAL EXPERIENCE 08/2016-08/2017 VA Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Center North Hills, CA Supervisor: Alexis Kulick, Ph.D. 09/2015-08/2016 University of Southern California Student Counseling Services Los Angeles, CA Supervisor: Alise Cogger, Ph.D. 09/2015-08/2016 Augustus F. Hawkins Mental Health Center Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatry Unit Los Angeles, CA Supervisor: Lorraine E. Cuadra, Ph.D. 08/2014-07/2015 VA Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Center North Hills, CA Supervisor: Sarah Duman, Ph.D. 08/2013-07/2014 Children’s Hospital Los Angeles