History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences Volume 15 Editors Charles T. Wolfe , Ghent University , Ghent , Oost-Vlaanderen Belgium Philippe Huneman , IHPST (CNRS/Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne), France Thomas A.C. Reydon , Leibniz Universität , Hannover , Germany Editorial Board Marshall Abrams (University of Alabama at Birmingham) Andre Ariew (Missouri) Minus van Baalen (UPMC, Paris) Domenico Bertoloni Meli (Indiana) Richard Burian (Virginia Tech) Pietro Corsi (EHESS, Paris) François Duchesneau (Université de Montréal) John Dupré (Exeter) Paul Farber (Oregon State) Lisa Gannett (Saint Mary’s University, Halifax) Andy Gardner (Oxford) Paul Griffi ths (Sydney) Jean Gayon (IHPST, Paris) Guido Giglioni (Warburg Institute, London) Thomas Heams (INRA, AgroParisTech, Paris) James Lennox (Pittsburgh) Annick Lesne (CNRS, UPMC, Paris) Tim Lewens (Cambridge) Edouard Machery (Pittsburgh) Alexandre Métraux (Archives Poincaré, Nancy) Hans Metz (Leiden) Roberta Millstein (Davis) Staffan Müller-Wille (Exeter) Dominic Murphy (Sydney) François Munoz (Université Montpellier 2) Stuart Newman (New York Medical College) Frederik Nijhout (Duke) Samir Okasha (Bristol) Susan Oyama (CUNY) Kevin Padian (Berkeley) David Queller (Washington University, St Louis) Stéphane Schmitt (SPHERE, CNRS, Paris) Phillip Sloan (Notre Dame) Jacqueline Sullivan (Western University, London, ON) Giuseppe Testa (IFOM-IEA, Milano) J. Scott Turner (Syracuse) Denis Walsh (Toronto) Marcel Weber (Geneva) More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8916 Jerome C. Wakefi eld • Steeves Demazeux Editors Sadness or Depression? International Perspectives on the Depression Epidemic and Its Meaning Editors Jerome C. Wakefi eld Steeves Demazeux Silver School of Social Work Department of Philosophy, SPH Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry Université Bordeaux Montaigne New York University Pessac , France New York , NY , USA ISSN 2211-1948 ISSN 2211-1956 (electronic) History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences ISBN 978-94-017-7421-5 ISBN 978-94-017-7423-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-7423-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015959694 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Dordrecht is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www. springer.com) Contents Introduction: Depression, One and Many .................................................... 1 Jerome C. Wakefi eld and Steeves Demazeux The Current Status of the Diagnosis of Depression ..................................... 17 David Goldberg The Continuum of Depressive States in the Population and the Differential Diagnosis Between “Normal” Sadness and Clinical Depression .................................................................................. 29 Mario Maj Beyond Depression: Personal Equation from the Guilty to the Capable Individual ................................................... 39 Alain Ehrenberg Depression as a Problem of Labor: Japanese Debates About Work, Stress, and a New Therapeutic Ethos ..................................... 55 Junko Kitanaka Darwinian Blues: Evolutionary Psychiatry and Depression ....................... 69 Luc Faucher Is an Anatomy of Melancholia Possible? Brain Processes, Depression, and Mood Regulation .................................... 95 Denis Forest Loss, Bereavement, Mourning, and Melancholia: A Conceptual Sketch, in Defence of Some Psychoanalytic Views ....................................... 109 Pierre-Henri Castel Suffering, Meaning and Hope: Shifting the Focus from Depression in Primary Care ................................................ 121 Christopher Dowrick v vi Contents An Insider View on the Making of the First French National Information Campaign About Depression .................................... 137 Xavier Briffault Extrapolation from Animal Model of Depressive Disorders: What’s Lost in Translation? ........................................................ 157 Maël Lemoine Psychiatry’s Continuing Expansion of Depressive Disorder....................... 173 Jerome C. Wakefi eld and Allan V. Horwitz Index ................................................................................................................. 205 Contributors Xavier Briffault is a social scientist and epistemologist working on mental health at the French National Centre for Scientifi c Research and in one of the main French social sciences research centre, Cermes3 (Centre de recherche, médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société). His main research interests are depression, obsessive- compulsive disorders, psychotherapy and mental health prevention programmes, as well as public health interventions in those areas. He conducts on these issues a sociologically and epistemologically informed analysis of the effectiveness of inter- ventions, particularly in the context of the extension of the evidence-based medicine paradigm (EBM) to mental medicine. He also operates as an expert for several pub- lic health institutions. Pierre-Henri Castel PhD in Philosophy, PhD in Psychology, 52, is French. He is a senior research fellow at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifi que (CNRS) at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) in Paris. He has worked as a clinician for 20 years in various psychiatric hospitals. He also is a psy- choanalyst in private practice. His scholarly specialty is the history and philosophy of mental medicine, from psychoanalysis to psychiatric neuroscience. He has writ- ten nine books, on hysteria and neurology in Charcot’s circle, a detailed analysis of Freud’s Traumdeutung , a history of transsexualism focusing on personal identity, a collection of essays on contemporary psychiatry from the point of view of a neo- Wittgensteinian philosophy of mind and, recently, a two-volume critical history of obsessions and compulsions from antiquity to present-day neuroscience and CBT: Âmes scrupuleuses, vies d’angoisse, tristes obsédés. Obsessions et compulsions de l’Antiquité à Freud (2011) and La Fin des coupables, suivi du cas Paramord. Obsessions et compulsions de la psychanalyse aux neurosciences (2012). His work can be seen as a form of philosophical anthropology based on the history of major mental disorders (along with their cures), but he has also worked extensively to try to bridge the gap between the main philosophical currents, the analytic and the ‘continental’, underlying many recent developments in the philosophy of psychopa- thology (personal website: http://pierrehenri.castel.free.fr ). vii viii Contributors Steeves Demazeux is an associate professor of philosophy at the Université Bordeaux Montaigne (France). He received his doctoral degree at Paris Sorbonne University (IHPST laboratory) and spent 2 years as a postdoctoral fellow at CERMES Institute (Paris Descartes University). His research interests include his- tory and philosophy of psychiatry, philosophy of medicine and philosophy of sci- ence. He is the author of Qu’est-ce que le DSM? Genèse et transformations de la bible américaine de la psychiatrie (Ithaque 2013); the co-author, with Françoise Parot and Lionel Fouré, of Psychothérapie, fondements et pratiques (Belin 2011); and the co-editor, with Patrick Singy, of the collective volume, The DSM-5 in Perspective. Philosophical Refl ections on the Psychiatric Babel (Springer 2015). Christopher Dowrick , M.D., FRCGP is professor of primary medical care in the University of Liverpool and a general practitioner in north Liverpool, England. He is also board advisor for Mersey Care NHS Trust, senior investigator emeritus for the National Institute for Health Research in England and professorial research fel- low in the University of Melbourne in Australia. He is a member of the World Organization of Family Doctors’ working party on mental health and a technical expert for the World Health Organization’s mhGAP programme. His research portfolio covers common mental health problems in primary care, with a focus on depression and medically unexplained symptoms. He critiques con- temporary emphases on unitary diagnostic categories and medically oriented inter- ventions and highlights the need for socially oriented perspectives. He is currently exploring the role of placebo and contextual effects in antidepressant drug prescrib- ing and investigating ways to reduce inequity of access to primary mental