DOCTORAL DISSERTATION INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON PONTIFICAL THEOLOGICAL FACULTY 11MARIAN UM/' ROME Very Reverend James Presta CORNELL US A LAPLDE'S BLBLLCAL METHODOLOGY USED LN MARLAN TEXTS AND LTS COMPARiSON WLTH A CONTEMPORARY APPROACH. A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the international Marian Research Lnstitute of the University of Dayton and the Pontifical Faculty of Theology 11Marianum11 in partial fulfiUment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Sacred Theology Specialization in Marian Theology Director of Thesis Reverend Bertrand Buby1 SM July 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. 6 ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 8 SITUATING THE THESIS: STATUS QUAESTIONIS ................................................................ 9 CHAPTER ONE: THE LIFE OF CORNELIUS A LAPIDE IN THE POST-TRIDENTINE PERIOD I. ........................................................................................................................................... 14 Biographical information about the person and work of Cornelius a Lapide II. .......................................................................................................................................... 19 Cornelius a Lap ide's Marian spirituality and devotion and the influence of Ignatian spirituality in his life and writings III. .......................................................................................................................................... 21 Post-Tridentine Theologians and Mariologists who influenced a Lapide Francis Suarez, Peter Canisius, Michael Ba1us, Leonard Lessius, Robert Bellarmine IV ........................................................................................................................................... 23 Situating Cornelius a Lapide within the time of the Reformation, Zwingli, and Luther CHAPTER TWO: BIBLICAL METHODOLOGY OF CORNELIUS A LAPIDE AND VATICAN AND POST-VATICAN II I. .......................................................................................................................................... 33 The four senses of scripture in patristic times II. ................. ............................................................... , ........................................................... 35 Catechism ofthe Catholic Church_and its continuity with Henri de Lubac's definition of the four senses III. ............................................................................................................................................. 38 Understanding of in time of Trent IV. ..... ...................... ................................................................................................................ 41 Understanding in the post-Vatican ll period 2 v. ........................................................................................................................................... 51 Cornelius a Lapide's Method of Scripture Interpretation CHAPTER THREE: OLD TESTAMENT TEXTS ACCOMMODATED TO THE VIRGIN MARY I. ............................................................. ........... ;......... .............. :........................................... 65 A chronological study of Old Testament passages accommodated to the Blessed Virgin Mary by Cornelius a Lapide II. ............................................................................................................................................ 67 Methodology A. Presentation of a Lapide's commentary B. Presentation of Post-Vatican II: Bertrand Buby, S.M. III. .......................................................................................................................................... 77 Passages in Old Testament A. Genesis 3:15- The Protoevangelium B. Exodus 15:20- "So Mary the prophetess, the sister. .." C. Isaiah 7:14- "The Virgin shall bear a son." D. Micah 5:2- "And Thou, Bethlehem." E. Wisdom Literature in the commentaries of a Lapide, selected texts in Proverbs 8, 9, 14, 31, and 32; Song of Songs 4:4 and Sirach 24. 1. Proverbs 8:1 2. Proverbs 8:16 3. Proverbs 8:18 4. Proverbs 8:19 5. Proverbs 8:23 6. Proverbs 8:29 7. Proverbs 8:30 8. Proverbs 8:35 9. Proverbs 9:2 10. Proverbs 14:1 11. Proverbs 31: 10 12. Proverbs 31: 18 13. Proverbs 31:29 14. Song of Songs 4:4 3 15. Sirach 24 F. Esther 2:7 - "And he had brought up his brother's ..." G. 1 Kings 26:41 -"And she arose and bowed herself down with ..." H. Judges 4:21 -"So Jael Haber's wife took ..." I. Judges 5:8- "The Lord chose new wars, and he ..." . J. Judith 13:10- "And she struck twice upon ..." K. Judith 15:10- "And when she was come out to him, ..." CHAPTER FOUR: THE VIRGIN MARY IN THE NEW TESTAMENT I. ........................................................................................................... ............................... 182 A chronological study of New Testament passages commented upon by Cornelius a Lapide. Methodology: Similar to Old Testament passages II. ............................... :. ....................................................................................................... 183 Passages in New Testament A. Galatians 1:19 - "But other of the apostles, I saw none ..." B. Galatians 4:4- "Foreshadowing of a woman." C. Mark 3:31-35- "Who is my mother and my brethren?" D. Mark 6:1-6 - "Is this not the carpenter, the Son of Mary?" E. Matthew 1: 1-17 - Genealogy of Jesus. F. Matthew 1:18-25- The Birth of Christ. G. Matthew 2:1-7- The Visit of the Magi. H. Luke 1:26-38- The Annunciation. I. Luke 1:39-45- The Visitation of Mary to her cousin, Elizabeth. J. Luke 1:46-55- Magnificat. K. Luke 2: 1-7 - The Birth of Christ. L. An Exegetical Comparison I Contrast of Luke 2:19 and 2:51. M. Luke 2:21-40- The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple. N. Luke 2:41-52- The Finding of Jesus in the Temple. 0. Acts 1:14- Mary at Prayer with the Apostles. P. John 1:13- "Born of God." Q. John 2:1-12- Mary at the Wedding Feast in Cana. R. John 19:25-28a- Mary at the Foot of the Cross. S. Rev. 12:1-17- Woman Clothed with the Sun. 4 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................... 311 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................ 330 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................... 339 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS On May 24, 1986, I was ordained a priest at Holy Name Cathedral in Chicago through the imposition of hands by the late Joseph Cardinal Bernardin, Archbishop of Chicago ( 1982-1996). The ordination took place on the feast of Mary, Help of Christians. I dedicate this paper to the Blessed Virgin Mary who has been my help and my solace throughout my entire life. In a special way, I wish to remember my dear parents, Giovanni and Gemma Presta, who taught me how to love God and honor Mary. My desire is to acknowledge the following people who have been so helpful to me in my dissertation work and research: Father Bertrand Buby, SM, my director, confidant and friend; Father Johann Roten, SM, Director ofiMRI, and my professors at IMRI, including Father Luigi Gam hero, SM, Father Thomas Thompson, SM, Father Eamon Carroll, 0. Carm. and the late Fathers Frederick Jelly, OP and Walter Brennan, OSM; as well as Ms. Clare Jones of the Marian Library for all her help and encouragement over the years. I also wish to acknowledge the work of those who assisted me in translating the Latin commentaries of a Lapide to English: Mr. Lawrence Strittmatter, former high school Latin instructor (Genesis 3:15, Isaiah 7:14, Micah 5:2-3, Proverbs 8: 15,23); Dr. William Napiwocki, Ph.D., Professor of Latin at Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary (Proverbs 8, 9,24 and 31, Song of Songs 4, Judith, Esther and Judges); Father Christopher Doering, Pastor of Our Lady of Victory in Chicago (Revelation 12). 6 I am grateful to those who translated the German texts of Raymond Noll's dissertation, especially: Father Emery de Gaal, Professor of Systematics, Mundelein Seminary (Noll, pages 13-22, 81-127); Sister M. Isabell Naumann, IMRI faculty member (Scheffczyk's article); Ms. Felicitas Samtleben-Spleiss, Marianist affiliate (Noll, pages, 81-127); Mr. Nathaniel Payne, seminarian for the Archdiocese of Chicago, (Noll's quotes). Special thanks to Mrs. Sally Walsh for her support, patience, and her professional assistance in typing the dissertation as well as Mr. Matthew Walsh and Mr. Mario Borha for their assistance with the thesis. I also wish to extend a word of appreciation to Mrs. Mary Ocasek, librarian at Mundelein Seminary, for her kind assistance and encouragement. In particular, I owe a debt of gratitude to the priests and seminarians of St. Joseph College Seminary for their constant support and encouragement in completing the dissertation. In a special way, I also wish to acknowledge my good friend, Ms. Joan Calvert and Mr. Michael Martino, Director of the English Proficiency Program of St. Joseph College Seminary for offering their expertise, proofreading and advice with the dissertation. Special thanks to the Very Reverend John F. Canary, Vicar General of the Archdiocese of Chicago, my spiritual director and mentor, and to the Reverend Robert Barron,