Proceedings of The Two Day National Seminar on History and Culture of Kalinga-Andhra focus on Srikakulam District - 2012 SRIKAKULAM Organized by INTACH, Srikakulam District (Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage) & GURAJADA EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY J i J Proceedings of the First Session of History Congress on Kalinga Andhra with focus on Srikakulam District held at Gurajada Educational Society, Srikakulam. on 17th & 18th June 2012 Copies : 1000 Price : Rs.200/- Published on behalf of the History Congress on Kalinga Andhra by : Dusi Dharma Rao Secretary History Congress Convener of INTACH Srikakulam District. - 532 001 (A.P.) Mobile : 9908101809 Tel.No : 08942-224568 email : [email protected] [email protected] Permanent Office : In-Charge Dr. P. Srinivasa Rao Principal, Gayatri Degree College Gurajada Educational Society Munasabpeta, Srikakulam. mobile : 9949688625 J ii J HISTORY CONGRESS OF KALINGA - ANDHRA with focus on Srikakulam District EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (2012-13) OFFICE BEARERS Chairman (2011-12) : Sri G. Venkatarami Reddy, IAS, Collector & District Magistrate, Srikakulam Chairman (Present) : Sri Saurabh Gaur, IAS, Collector & District Magistrate, Srikakulam Vice-Chairmen : Prof : K. Thimmareddy Rtd. Professor of Anthropology, Andhra University Prof. P. Vijaya Prakash Former Registrar, Andhra University Secretary : Sri Dusi Dharma Rao Convenor, INTACH, Srikakulam Joint Secretaries : Dr. Pulakhandam Srinivasa Rao Principal, Gayatri Degree College, Srikakulam (Office In-Charge) Dr. Sanapala Narayana Murthy Rtd. Lecturer in Govt. Colleges, Srikakulam Treasurer : Sri S. Eswara Rao Principal, Govt. Jr. College, Burja Members : Sri Badabagni Sankara Raju Reader in History, Govt. Degree College (Women), Srikakulam Smt. A. Lakshmi Rupavani Lecturer in History, Govt. Degree College (Women), Srikakulam Sri K. Madhubabu Lecturer in History, Govt. Jr. College Dr. R. Sai Kumar Sr. Asst. Professor in History & PRO, and Member of National Mission nominated by A.P. Govt. for write up and Archaeological sites in Vizianagaram Dr. B.V.A. Rama Rao Naidu Rtd. Reader in Botany, Govt. Colleges Advisors : Prof. C. Somasundaram (Chennai) Rtd. Professor in History, Andhra University Dr. L. Pandurangareddy Member, Royal Asiatic Society, London at Hyderabad J iii J CONTENTS... 1. SEMINAR ON THE HISTORY & CULTURE OF KALINGA - ANDHRA 1 (KEYNOTE ADDRESS) Dr. C. Somasundarara Rao Professor Rtd. in History & Archeology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 2. SRIKURMAM 5 An unique temple of Kalinga - Andhra Dr. M.S.Ramachandra Rao Asst. Professor (Retd.), P.S.Telugu University, Srisailam 3. HISTORY AND CULTURE OF SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT - A TOURISM PERSPECTIVE 11 Dr. V.B.T.Sundari HOD- History, St. Joseph’s college for Women (A),Visakhapatnam-530004 4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC POSITION OF WOMEN IN MEDIEVAL KALINGANDHRA 17 (Special reference to Srikurmam and Mukhalingam Inscriptions) Smt. A.Lakshmi Rupa Vani Lecturer in History (T.T.M.), Govt. College for Women, Srikakulam 5. LITTLE TRADITIONS UNDER THE SHADOW OF GREAT TRADITIONS 23 The Hill-Tracts and Maritime Cultures of Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh A Dr. P. Vijaya Prakash Retired Professor of Anthropology and former Registrar, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 6. ASHOKA AND THE KALINGA WAR 27 (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KALINGA – ANDHRA) S. Eswararao, M.A., M.Phil Principal, Govt. Junior College, Burja 7. JAINA VESTIGES IN NORTHERN DISTRICTS OF ANDHRA 31 Dr.G.Jawaharlal Former Director (OMLRI) Tirupathi-l (A.P.). 8. DISCOVERY OF NEW BUDDHIST MONUMENTS IN THE NORTH COASTAL 37 ANDHRA PRADESH (1999-2012) Kadiyala Venkateswara Rao, Tenali. Former DSDO, Srikakulam Dt. Retd.Dy.Director, SAAP & Member APHC. 10. NATURE AS DEPICTED IN THE MURAL PAINTINGS OF SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT 53 Prof. Myneni Krishnakumari U.G.C. Emeritus Fellow, Dept of History & Archaeology, Andhra University 11. THE CULT OF SURYA IN KALINGA - ANDHRA 59 Dr. G. Jawaharlal Former, Dy.Director (Epy.); TIRUPATI-(A.P.) J xvii J 12. BUDDHISM 65 H. Manmadha Rao, B.Tech.,M.B.A.,B.L.,M.Sc.,M.Phil., Bhaskaranagar clony, Chinabondilipuram, Srikakulam-532001, A.P., 13. A STUDY OF FAMOUS BUDDHIST SITES 69 DANTAPURAM AND SALIHUNDAM Dr. R. Saikumar, M.A., M.Ed., M.Phil(Hist.)., M.Phil (Edn), Ph.D.(Hist.) Sr. Asst. Professor in History & P.R.O., and Member, National Mission, Nominated by A.P. Govt. for a write up on Archaeological sites in Vizianagaram Dist. 14. SRIKAKULAM - SAVIOURS OF TELUGU LANGUAGE 75 Dr. (Capt.) Lingala Panduranga Reddy Ph.D. (Osm.), F.R.A.S. (Lond.) 15. KALINGANDRA BOTANICALS IN SAFEGAURDING HUMAN HEALTH 81 Dr. B.V.A. Ramarao Naidu Rtd. Reader in Botany, Govt. Colleges 16. ‘=* ø£[+>∑ #·Áø£e]Ô ªU≤s¡y˚\T&ÉTµ 87 <ä÷dæ <Ûäsêàsêe⁄ ø£˙«qsY, Ç+{≤ø˘, lø±≈£îfi¯+, bò˛Hé : 08942`224568, ôd˝Ÿ : 9908101809 16. ø£[+>±+Á<Ûä #ê]Á‘·ø£ uÛÑ÷>√fi¯+ 89 Ä#ês¡´ õ. yÓ+ø£≥sêeTj·T´ &ûHé, $<ë´‘·àø£ e´eVü‰sê\T, bı{Ϻ lsêeTT\T ‘Ó\T>∑T $X¯«$<ë´\j·T+, ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é. 17. lø±≈£îfi¯+, $»j·Tq>∑s¡+ õ˝≤¢\ •\Œø£fi≤ #·]Á‘· 102 ã&Éu≤–ï X¯+ø£s¡sêE, myéT.@., ˝…ø£Ãs¡sY, Væ≤düºØ &çbÕsYºyÓT+{Ÿ, >∑es¡ïyÓT+{Ÿ ø±˝ÒCŸ (ñyÓTHé), lø±≈£îfi¯+.ôd˝Ÿ : 9440508511 18. |ü⁄s¡Tc˛‘·Ô|ü⁄s¡+˝Àì \≈£î©X¯ ` ø°s¡yêDÏ Á|ü‹eT\T 107 &܈ˆ düq|ü\ Hêsêj·TDeT÷]Ô $ÁXÊ+‘· n<Ûë´|ü≈£î\T, lø±≈£îfi¯+ 19. dæø£ÿø√ÿ˝Ÿ düsêÿs¡T˝À eTTdæ¢+\ |ü]bÕ\q 109 düj·T´<é MTsYeTVü≤eTà<é n&çwüq˝Ÿ mdt.|æ. 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B J xix J SEMINAR ON THE HISTORY & CULTURE OF KALINGA - ANDHRA ( KEYNOTE ADDRESS) Dr. C. Somasundarara Rao* I am grateful to the organisers of this seminar the seizure of Udayagiri fort in the Nellore district. for inviting me to deliver the Keynote Address. I am So it is difficult to draw a boundary line of the Kalinga happy to note that a Congress is formed for Empire. Some scholars hold that Kalinga was divided disseminating the Srikakulam District History among into 3 parts: northern Kalinga with Singupuram as the people and the INTACH is associated with this capital; middle Kalinga with Devapura/Devada as avowed objective. The latter has already done a work capital; and southern Kalinga with Pishtapura / relating to the maritime history of the district and it Pithapuram, thus extending the connotation of the would be proper to continue the historical studies term Kalinga/ Sakala Kalinga up to the river Godavari. under its banner. Reconstruction of the history of the Srikakulam History of the Srikakulam district, in many district and for that matter, any region, requires ways, may not be much different from the history of scholars in the fields of archaeology, epigraphy, the Vizianagaram or Visakhapatnam district, except numismatics, art and architecture, literature and for some importance to particular events and dates. archives. A study of the society of the times including These three districts put together constitute ‘Kalinga- the pastoral & tribal societies requires the help of Andhra’. What does ‘Kalinga’ mean? What is sociologists and anthropologists. represented by ‘Trikalinga’? These questions evoke many answers. Kalinga at one time, meant Orissa A number of studies have already been made proper. The inscriptions of Asoka at Dhauli & by historians, either from the view point of Andhra Jaugada; and the Hathigumpha inscription of history or from that of Orissa history. R. Subba Rao Kharavela may place Kalinga in Orissa and not in brought out for the first time in Telugu, the famous any part of Andhradesa. The minor families that ruled work entitled the History of Kalingadesa which was during 4th-5th centuries A.D. like the Matharas and actually edited by him while writing a big historical Vasishthas had issued inscriptions in the three introduction . This was done under the auspices of northern coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. The the Andhra Historical Research society, Rajahmundry Eastern Gangas of Kalinga starting their rule from . He has also written articles in English in the Journal 496-498 A.D. had ruled mostly in these parts, rather of Andhra Historical Research Society relating to than in Orissa. The Later Gangas from the time of the history of the Eastern Gangas of Kalinga. Later Anantavarma Chodaganga (1078-1148 AD.) onwards we have R. Subrahmanyam’s doctoral dissertation extended their authority into Orissa and shifted their on the Suryavamsi Gajapatis of Cuttack (Waltair, capital to Cuttack. But the Andhra part of their empire 1957). The Society and Culture of the later Ganga continued to receive importance. Then the rule of and Gajapati periods was surveyed by C.V.