T H E EXO D US O F T H E LO YALI ST S fro m Pe n obsc o t to P a ssa m aq u oddy (W i th M a p ) ' W I LB U H - B S E ERT A . M . R . I , P rofe sso ro f Eu ropea n H i sto ry P ubl i she d by T he O hi o Sta te U n ive rsi ty C olu mbu s 19 1 4 Copy r ighted 1 9 1 4 13? W I B R H B R T L U . S I E E C o n te n ts P AG E The loss of old Fort Pownall by the Americans The departure of Colonel Thomas Goldthwait . The proj ect of establishin g a new military post on the Penoh scot o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ‘ Knox s p lan for a loyalist province bet wee n the Penobscot i x and the St . Cro . John N utting and the British expedition to establish the post o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o The unsuccessful siege of the new post by the Americans . The behavior of the local inhabitants d urin g the siege Removal of American refugees to the post . i The missions of J ohn N uttin g and Dr . J ohn Calef to Engl and The constitution proposed for the loyalist provi nce The pl an to settle the Penobscot country with loyalists from New York o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o The growth of the refugee population at Penobscot Refusal of the Americans to give up the Penobscot country he o o t o o o o o o o o o at peace o o o o o o o Removal of the loyalists from Penobscot to Passam aquodd y . S urveyor General Robert Morse at Passamaquoddy Contention between Massachusetts and the loyalists over the Passamaquoddy region i ts The loyalist settlement on St . Andrews Point , and activities The town pl ot and grantees of St . And rews w Church and school at St . Andre s Extent of the grants at Passamaquodd y to the Penobscot Associated Lo y alists ; the settlements founded . 3 ' [ 1c L—21 PAGE ' S t . G eorge s Town Settlements formed by loyalists from localities other than Penobscot The town of St . Settlements on the D igde g u a sh in the Parish of St . Patrick . ’ Settlements on the lower Magaguadavic and the L Eta n g . The settlement of the Royal Fencible Americans on the west side of the lower Magaguadavic The settlement of Pennsylvania Q uakers at P enn fi eld The occupation of the small harbors east of P en n fi eld The settlement of the Cape Ann Association i n the Parish of St . David The loyalist settlers on the Island of G rand Manan . The loyal ist settlers on the Island of Campobello . The loyalist occupants and settlers of Deer Island . Loyalist settlers of the smaller islands 1 The census of 7 8 4 ; occupations of the settlers . I ncrease of the population to 1 8 03 Creation of the district court and the townshi ps at ’ I a ssa m a q uodd v The boundary dispute . The boundary commission and its decision Contention over the islands in Passamaquodd y Bay . The island commission and i ts verdict C H A R U N T Y Loya li s t S ettle me nts Co m pil e d f ro m a ma p by O ri in s o f S tl e me n s mN g et t B . T he Exo du s o f the Lo ya lists fro m P e n o bsc o t to Pa ssa m a q u o ddy 1 8 I n September , 7 7 , the British government ordered General Cl in ton at New York to secure pos t on the Penobscot River in Maine for the p urpose of erecting a province to which loyal 1 adherents of the Crown might repair . An earlier post , Fort i c Pownall , wh h had occupied the bold , rocky promontory at Cape Jellison at the mout h of the Penobscot was no lon ger in x e istence , having been dismantled and burned by the militia 1 under Colonel James Cargi ll in J uly , 7 74 . For eleven years previous to its destruction , the old colonial fort had been under wa the command of Colonel Thomas Goldth it , who by his com pli an c e with an order from General Gage permitted a detachment greatly outn umbering his own meagre garrison to carry off the m cannon and spare ar s of the fort , and th us incurred the censure the of the Provincial Con g ress of Massachusetts Bay , loss of his an d command , v irtual banishment . Colonel G oldthwait deserves a word of more extended notice on account of the important p a rt h he took in settling and developing the Penobscot V alley . W ile fo r a i n command of Fort Pownall , he was appointed agen t a v st “ tract of land belonging to the Waldo heirs in that region . Later , in conj unction with Sir Francis Bernard , then governor t he of the province of Massachusetts Bay , he purchased a part of ebedi a h Waldo Patent from General J Preble , and appears to have been chiefl y instrumental in settling the Penobscot country “ with a population w hich he estimated at more than able ” 2 m n e . Colonel Goldthwait did not participate in establishing the e new post at Penobscot , but remained in retirem n t there or at 1 Castine until July , 7 79 , when he went aboard one of the fri g ates of the British fleet that entered Penobscot Bay to lay siege to a a d uc e B g . Taking passage on this vessel for New York after ‘ 1 R n m - B r z z f f o {11 6 A i n i lz I nst. o G . e o e R o . p . y f ’ D r /z e / r l l z n N o c s e Co ed o o . , 7 i ' ’l 6 2 l fe . H z sf . i l a a z i u I X 2 2 2 2 6 . e 1 88 8 . g , , 3 , , 54 , 5 , 73 , 3 3 ; 94 , 9 15 r. 3 x the success of the British e pedition , he had the satisfaction of being borne to his destination by the ship that carried the go od ’ tidings to Clinton . I t may be added that M r . Goldthwait s stay in New Y ork City lasted only from the early part of September to 2 December 3 , when he took his departure to England , there to 1 » remain d uring the rest o f hi s li fe . The project of planting a British force on the coast of Maine bv \Vi11i a nf x had long been cherished Kno , a Georgia loyalist , - fli x who w a s under secretary in the Colonial O c e in London . Kno argued that it would serve to d istract the attention of the O t Americans from perations in other q uarters , that as a mili ary and naval base it would protect the country to the eas t from attacks by land and sea , and last , but not least , that it would form the center and bulwark for a new province for the friends i nc re a s of government , who were leaving the Colonies i n ever ing n umbers , and were al ready flooding the home authorities 2 m x’ with insistent claims for compensation . Lord Ger ain , Kno s fi superior of cer , was not easily con v inced of the advantage of the w a s proj ect , but at length was brought around , giving what evi d e n tly his own chief reason for its approv a l when he wrote to Go v e rn o r H a ldim a nd 1 6 1 at Q uebec , A pril , 7 7 9 , that if the Kennebec , or even the Penobscot , were secured , it would keep open direct communic a tion between the Canadian capital and New York at all s season , and so do away with the ted iousness and delays in corre s o nde n c e x x p by way of H alifa . However , this e planation did H a ldi ma nd ffi not satisfy , who still doubted the e cacy of the ‘ measure . x w d z Mean while , Kno was anticipating i th evi ent est the suc x by cess of an e pedition yet to move against the coast . of Maine , arrang ing the details of the province t hat was intended to reach x . Ca from the Penobscot River to the St C roi , and become the “ a naan of the refugee loy lists . Lying bet ween New England and ‘ ’ Y e w N e Scotland (Nova Scotia ) , it was to be christened w I re a s u land , perhaps , Batchelder suggests i n his ill minating stud y l ' I .