INFRASTRUCTURE, SAFETY, AND ENVIRONMENT THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY research organization providing POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY objective analysis and effective SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY solutions that address the challenges SUBSTANCE ABUSE facing the public and private sectors TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY around the world. TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non- commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Establishing Law and Order After Conflict Seth G. Jones, Jeremy M. Wilson, Andrew Rathmell, K. Jack Riley Approved for public release; distribution unlimited The research described in this report results from the RAND Corporation's continuing program of self-initiated research. Support for such research is provided, in part, by donors and by the independent research and development provisions of RAND's contracts for the operation of its U.S. Department of Defense federally funded research and development centers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Establishing law and order after conflict / Seth G. Jones ... [et al.]. p. cm. “MG-374.” Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8330-3814-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Law enforcement. 2. Criminal justice, Administration of. I. Jones, Seth G., 1972– II. Rand Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (Organization) HV7921.E88 2005 355.4'9—dc22 2005014939 Cover photo courtesy Reuters/Landov. Andrees Latif, photographer. The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R® is a registered trademark. © Copyright 2005 RAND Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. Published 2005 by the RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 201 North Craig Street, Suite 202, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-1516 RAND URL: http://www.rand.org/ To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Email: [email protected] Preface This study contains the results of research on reconstructing internal security institutions during nation-building missions. It analyzes the activities of the United States and other countries in building viable police, internal security forces, and justice structures. This study examines in detail the reconstruction efforts in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Kosovo, three of the most important instances in the post–Cold War era in which the United States and its allies have attempted to recon- struct security institutions. It then compares these cases with six oth- ers in the post–Cold War era: Panama, El Salvador, Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, and East Timor. Finally, the study draws conclusions from the case studies and analysis, and derives recommendations to help the United States and other international actors improve their per- formance in the delivery of post-conflict security. The results should be of interest to a broad audience of policymakers and academics concerned with the successes and shortcomings of past security efforts. Although the study is not intended to be a detailed analysis of U.S. or allied military doctrine regarding stability operations, we believe it provides a useful set of guidelines and recommendations for a wide range of military, civilian, and other practitioners. This research was conducted within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE), a unit of the RAND Corporation. The mission of ISE is to improve the development, operation, use, and protection of society’s essential built and natural assets, and to enhance the related social assets of safety and security of individuals in transit and in their workplaces and communities. The ISE research iii iv Establishing Law and Order After Conflict portfolio encompasses research and analysis on a broad range of pol- icy areas including homeland security, criminal justice, public safety, occupational safety, the environment, energy, natural resources, cli- mate, agriculture, economic development, transportation, informa- tion and telecommunications technologies, space exploration, and other aspects of science and technology policy. This study results from the RAND Corporation’s continuing program of self-initiated research. Support for such research is provided, in part, by donors and by the independent research and development provisions of RAND’s contracts for the operation of its U.S. Department of Defense federally funded research and develop- ment centers. Inquiries regarding RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environ- ment may be directed to: Debra Knopman, Director 1200 S. Hayes Street Arlington, VA 22202-5050 Tel: 703.413.1100, extension 5667 Email: [email protected] http://www.rand.org/ise Contents Preface ...................................................................... iii Figures ......................................................................vii Tables ....................................................................... ix Summary.................................................................... xi Acknowledgments .........................................................xxv Abbreviations ............................................................ xxvii CHAPTER ONE Introduction .................................................................1 Definitions ...................................................................2 Methodology.................................................................5 Outline.......................................................................6 CHAPTER TWO A Theory of Rebuilding Internal Security ..................................7 The Primacy of Security .....................................................8 Success of Internal Security ................................................ 12 Conclusions ................................................................ 26 CHAPTER THREE Kosovo ..................................................................... 27 Initial Conditions .......................................................... 29 Inputs and Outputs ........................................................ 31 Outcomes .................................................................. 48 Conclusions ................................................................ 55 v vi Establishing Law and Order After Conflict CHAPTER FOUR Afghanistan ................................................................ 61 Initial Conditions .......................................................... 64 Inputs and Outputs ........................................................ 69 Outcomes .................................................................. 88 Conclusions ............................................................... 101 CHAPTER FIVE Iraq........................................................................ 105 Initial Conditions ......................................................... 108 Inputs and Outputs ....................................................... 115 Outcomes ................................................................. 156 Conclusions ............................................................... 171 CHAPTER SIX Measuring Success........................................................ 177 Initial Conditions ......................................................... 178 Inputs and Outputs ....................................................... 179 Outcomes ................................................................. 192 Achieving Success ......................................................... 198 Staffing and Funding Guidelines ......................................... 201 CHAPTER SEVEN Conclusion................................................................ 205 Mobilizing Inputs......................................................... 207 Translating Inputs into Outputs.......................................... 213 Outcomes and Implications .............................................. 222 Bibliography .............................................................. 231 Index .....................................................................