he niversi of Mic t u ty higan Madne ss in G re e k Tho ught and C usto m AGNES CARR VAU GH AN A ssis tan t Profeuor of Greek in Wells College A D IS S E RT A T IO N S IN AR AL FU LFILLME N U D P T m M R BME “ “ FO ITT TI Q IN U NIVERSIT"OF MICH IGA N B A M LT I O RE MPA N " 1 . H . FU RST C O 1 9 1 9 PREFACE Before presenting the material of this di ssertation I wish to take the opportunity to express my deep appreciation of the assistance and encouragement given me in my work by the G an d M reek Latin faculties of the University of ichigan and of B C ryn Mawr ollege . I wish to thank especially P rofessor Campbell Bonner of th e University of Michigan for his direction and supervision dur ing the entire period of preparation of this dissertation and to the express my gratitude to Professo r Francis W. Kelsey of University of Michigan for his interest in the work and for his t many valuable sugges ions . M f G m o I . o th e am also indebted to Mr . F o re of depart ent Classical Philology of Columbia University for his courtesy in extending to me th e privileges of the Columbia Library . N v m 1 91 9. o e ber , TABLE OF CONTENT S H n u t n C AP R I. I t TE rod c io — haracte r of pre v ious studie s in ma dne ss Limits of C — pre se nt work Th omée first to mak e an his torica l study of — — madn e ss S cOpe of his work H is d iv isions of subje ct — n h —Musole aia and N m h ole sia—Le matte r Boa t ropy p y p g ' i n—Me t eal n —S e me a ne s w k ch iefi isla to — hods of h i g l ig —or y med—ica l Romanslegislation conce rning the in sane Tambor nine Limitation s of his work—His d iv isions of subject — — ’ ' ’ — matte r De po ssessish De posm eiom bue mmumbue Py h re n be l e —Me t d eal n —m tan e atta e t ago a i —f ho s of h i g I por c ch d e n u to incantatio n Purpose of pre s t st dy . l u Md . HAP R II ua B e e o n e n n th e a e a ne C TE . Pop r li fs C c r i g C s of ss — m te nd n an t —Influe ce Signs of mad—ne ss Dre a s por —i s i y — n of th e plane ts G ods ca us e madness ionysus e us — — D Z Hera O the r d—iv initie s Personifie—d dise ase s in a—ncient and mode rn be lie f De monic caus e s A nthe ste ria Physical — — n m e —Me use s Ma ul e fin t a n a n in tca gic Pop ar d i io of d ss d ss lk -l e mod e rn fo or . H II a n in Re at Re i i n C APTER I . M d ess l ion to l g o Two- l n—Mde mit v li fold aspect o—f re igio o rn pri i e be—e f in s acredne ss of i n sa ne S ac redne ss of insane in Gree ce S ac ’ - - — rifice of in spire d slav ch S o ca lle d Athamas v ase G ardne r s — ’ — in te rpretation C ook s inte rpre tation C onje cture of pre s e nt — — — write r S acrifice at Thar lia B eggars Pos sible sacrifice m me n in e e e dm n a men m e of a—d Gr c a good o —in od rn Greece Fee ling in time of The ophrastus Spitting on mee ting e pile ptic. I a n i i CHAP R V. e n Re ati n to ety TE M d ss l o So—c Lack of ca re for paupe r ins ane C ontrast be twe en Gree ce and Ro mH Madman a ubl la th n — t n n — p ic p y i g S o i g S tory — — ’ of Carabba s Ridicule of ins ane Are tae us classification of madmen— ea vi le ntl n ane—C le ome ne — b — F —r of o y i s — s C am yse s An tiochus No ins ane asylumsr Ha rmle ss madme n not — — ’ confined Imprisonment of Cassan—dra Aris to ha ne s pic tur e of confine ment of a madman Binding o He racle s m dme i tn o med —C o nfin e me n B indin—g of a n n La i C y — t of Cle o me ne s O the r e v ide nce from Gre ek lit—e rature Whipping to subdue ins ane no t practis e d in Gree ce Views of Gree k and Roma n physician s on whipping . ul CH A PTER V. Pop ar Belief s Conce rning th e Cur e of Ma dne ss N umbe r of cure s in d ire ct proportion to dre ad of dise as e ‘ ’ ' u e d b te —C ue Dog—s ha ir—c r s o—g s i r s a—scribe d to gods e us He ra rte mis O the r di v in itie s Participation in Z A— — — th e m—yste rie s Animal subs ta—nce s Pla nts Cathartic stones "Shame fe lt by epile ptic Popula r me thods of de 3 TABLE OF CONTENT8 eetin es e n e e le —A mulet an ent and m e n t g pr c of pi psy s , ci od r — Mus—O th e t ne —C u e e te —Cu e La pis Ohe bido r s o s r of Or s s r e l —Madn a e int t n — m tv e de a of H rac e s ess p ss s o s o e s Pri i i i of — — whipping E astIndi an cure for e ilepsy Drav idian tribe s N o parallel in Gre—ek lite rature usie a cure for madne ss C elsus on music Platon ic th e o lague at Sparta cure d — — by Thale tas Proe tide s O riginzyfpurpos e of mus ic difficult o de te m ne—Mellane u be l e s— lee d n — e u e t r i isc o s — i f B i g Fir c r in Egypt and modern parallels Epide mic of madn ess cure d — u n h e em n— b u e at Rome Pl ggi g t d o Ara c r . - ‘ H E . Ma n L C APT B VI d ess as Dea ltwith in Greek aw — Religion and Gre ek—pe nal law Two fundam—e ntal belie fs conce rn ing m—ad ne ss C rimin al —re sponsibility S pirits of murde red me n Fin ing of ins ane Ins ane homicide banishe d - — a e h m da l madne e ned mad ne — 61 1 C s s —of o ici ss F ig ss x 1 "ups w ing ed ical e xamination apparently not re uired M — — q S tory of Soph ocle s Ancient bank ing system Marri age — ’ — — m l i n h e u and d iv orce S e e a g e s t ory S ondha—k Platon ic law conce rning—ma rriage with insan—e woman C oncubin age of a and a Ma e e e S an t C ss r rriag of h ir ss i y of mind not men ’ tione d in Plato s s ele ction of pare nts- Ma dne ss a proba ble au e d v e —Ri t te tame nt and ad t n— ull c s for i orc gh of s — op io F posse ss ion of mental f acultie s ne ce ssa ry Tre atm e nt of ma d la v es—St Th ras llu—iMo imu— s ory of y s n s Law l l i ing s a e of epi ept c slaves . H I i C APTER VI . Conclus on A LIST OF TH E PRINCIPAL WO RKS A ND ARTICLES RE FERRED TO IN TH IS DISSERTATIO N A taeus the Ca adocian E W k re , pp , the xtant or s of, ed . and tr. by . A 1 85 6 F dams, London, . - B ar H ebraeus The au ha bl Str e . E W o i s . l B , L g e , ed A a lis udge , 1 89 London, 7 . C A . B . Classical R view Z us Ju i r te and the O ak .