PULASKI COUNTY RECONNAISSANCE LEVEL SURVEY , ~- ,~ ,/ ,/ , / r--·/ \ I \ \ \ \ " '\ ' \ ' ' \ ,,.,-,-" I , / .. / ,,..llfl""""" ./ , / ,,....,.,,,,,,,,. J aski County bconmissance Level Survey **. m "'"2 tar. I ram : G ~bsor~ijorskiljn,, &ciiitecr Dan Pezzoni Survf2yar. .- . le Naranjrr>upo.~d. lilcror ian - Arcijiret:rur& ;io~~?pfi?'. i';~lh:-,intern Davlc! Zoten iz~r*,3rfc ibr?nr.. New i?ivr?r VaiLey C.iapr.fr., ArcheologlcsL Socler y 02 Virginia Charlorte k'orl;.wf, Ar.c;.i~rt:ctur;ii iiirtorian -Vicky Goab, Adnlin~srr~~rivr kslst:int C . A. Cooper-Ruska. Ass isranr. to County Adniinicrrator rnA nl- . ?a>ask: C~ut.ifyF~conna issauce kvel Survt2y na:: ken f inanceii in 3;xr vitn rederai. funds rrom :he Niir:on,G Pars Serv~ce.%pzlrzm?nr E or.Zc>w:ver, rht: conrunts and opirrion:: do nor necessar iiy rbctirct thi vit2wz or ppoiicli:~ot the ikp2rr.wnt or xh? Anrt:rror nor dotxi t.7e wnxion ot tradn. narnis or comm?rciai producrs conrx:rnte endorst?mnz o: rcicorrm:ndarion ~y t:~?apjrrmtlnr: or tnc Interior-. ry : Fuiaski County Peconni?rissance '"a Lev€?l Survey 1984-1985. ..........e........................... L Phyakcd Description.. ....v........v..............................v.4 gictarical Backgraur~d......v........................................ 20 D*iin &udy Unit .........................,.....,,.................. 81 a reSt it ............................................ 83 Little 2iver Study Ur~it.~........................................... 85 Peak Creek Study Lmit ..............~.............................v..86 Drawr Valley Study Unit ................~.......................v...87 HiountainvarfCfStuciy Unit .......................v........~...........89 rnlawn or Puiaski Study Unit ................v...............~.~.....v.91 Apprncfix 7: Study Unit Eaundaxics ...........,. ....,, ,,.... ......,.. iOO Apperkix 11: Cat& ag ...............................................103 Appendix 111: Upri*tic al. Listing .................................108 .... ...............................v.113 Bi&iography ........................................................118 Tihe County of: would ii~cto than& tiic mmiers of the prajcct rean for thir crforts. In wrricuiar, tnankc are due to Leslie Naranjo- Lupold , Dan 2exzort~.David Ro~enizer, and Vicky Goad id. Gibson Norsham '5 dtldicnrion ro conipierirq the swvt.y for r?e enrire cou-ity should be noted. f County 1:: es-wcla.iiy grstetui tc Vicky Goad wi~otyped mcr of rihe survey Torn&. rbixrd, and typd the f 1n.G iiwwenr, whie recoverlrig from a broiten harid. Spt.clul thanks are due xc Anne kClrary, Kilo sui:i;.d ns lcr~ough.-he entire process, dcspi~t:personal trclc~ed~esani! sra~ c:-1mges , S y: Puleski County Rec and Store Old Belspring Presbyterian Church Francis Fergw Pine Run Mill Miller 's House Boom Furnace Mack's Creek Superintendents House reek Furnace (Joseph Cloyd Fenn) *Reconnaissance survey of the to Dub1 in, *Intensive surveys of all buildings covered in rec study unit, in order by priority of need. 2, Back Cmek 3, Little River 4. Peak Cre 6, Mountain Physical Description of Pulaski County aski County was formed in 3839 from portions of Wythe and Montgomery Counties. Before 1790 wthe was a t of Montgomry, Moritgarrrer y formed in 1799 from Fincastle wtiich in turn was a ivision ol Botetourt County after 1772, Ne rn, the f lrst organized settlelnent in the region that would become Pulaski, was platted in 1809. Dublin grew up around a depot on the railrmd in the mid-19th centwy, and the Tow] of Pulaski was incorporated irr 1886. Newbern, the county seat after 1839 was succeeded by the town of aski as the center of goverrmnt in 1895, The county occupies a section of the New River Valley, a continuation of the Valley of Virginia sewrated from the Sknandoah Valley to the north by a ridge of the ALleghany Mountairts and raised up to a considerably higher elevation. The ridge, which acted as a natural barrier in the early days of settlement, runs ktween Blacksburg and g in Montgomery County and forms the eastern divide of the continental watershed. All of the runoff in Pulaski County flows with the Neba River to the Ohio River, The New River flows in a northeasterly direction above the lover third of the county before mmoing north and with its tributary to the south, the Little River, forms the line betwen Counties. The north margin of the county is bordered by the parallel ridges of Little and Big Walker Mountains, while the south is occupied by the more broken hollows and spurs of Mack's Mountain. The west center of the county is occupied by the ridge of Draper Mountain, vhich ends near tk center of the county in 3200 foot Peak Knob. The chief agricultural land lies in the rolling valley floor and the river bottom which are at an average elevation of over 2000 feet, The climte is mild with slightly higher rainfall and lower temperatures than adjacent low lying 8RaS, hitectwral, rec aski mtyis king by a, grant from the Viqinia Division of Historic fieldwork ie being pe the f im of Gibon Wors hitect , Gibfson e up the survey team, directives indicated that intensive techniwes of survey were to be utilized All of the historic resources were examimd, and those hich met Mtcessary historicsl and architectural criteria =re imluded in the surwy. Criteria for inclusion vere based on local historical and tional Par)c Service in the 230 sites were photographed, mapped described on Virginia Division of Historic ks Brief Survey Form. There 29 sites in ed Snowille Historic District 23 sites ihntified as sf gnif icmt in tkNewbern Historic District. The t eski vefe not included in the survey, however, the hist district of aski, containing 101 sites, n surveyed by the town. In order to identify patte of settlement and cultural activity within the county, a group of study units devised as sec e Protection Planning Process ( ) published by the National Park Service in 1980, The program is designed to link preservation planning with an analysis of the existing reso ed on geographical elements which idluewed setUennent l use, Initial mse h suggested thet in the relatively short priod in which settlentent nthew occurred these ge aries haw remimd cornsistent. During the eurvey, the f ieldwrk proceeded generally by study unit. 7.5 minute series U,S,G.S, mps were used to klp locate traverse all county roads, Struct s were usually co~ideredif thy were more than old. Howver, survival rate of the fom alterations wrc2! i rtmt factors, 1nteriors were possible when the building 's age or mlati Outbuildings barns were included only significant c ex. The sites Iwated on U. S. G, S, map historical research perfo In Bddition to surveyed sites t late-ninteenth century early 20th century dwllings that conformed to identified we ular patternis, within limited pa ters of build in^ material age, =re! -corded on field mp, A s ogy developed in Kentucky by vsletter, No. 5, Fall, 1990, pp. 3-5.). Y buildings built of light sem vood were =corded. Four types of buildings wrur distinguisherd, and their r of stories, depth, fenestration and roof type wre recorded. (See Appendix IV ) In addition, fr story, center- time period vere recorded using e different code. All of the late-ninteenth and early- trentieth century I-houses utilized 3-bay fenestration. These were shown on the maps es 3bI. If the I-house shawvrd unusual chi y pleceaent, historical signific surveyed. A f idbuilding tm=corded on the field mps =re houses with s , swh as double- pile depth r e gable roof, irregular sidedl fenestration, a y houses were built drawing from popYlar pyblished sources inco &ow onto tr-aditional fo If the house met two of the t criteria, it i&ntif ied with a B, 13g used if the house gable-fronted. The d were tabulated by U. S. G. S. study unit, (See page 69 ) The final report includes a description of each study unit and an overell historic context. The study wits headings, and each addresses the historic thems identified by the in the Survey Guide: Resident id/Domst ic Education Military The thems discussed as far as each is involved in the nt of the study unit's historic reso The historic context for the county is presented in a narrative format. The discussion ie broken down chronologically into five periods: 1 Lete Eighteenth Century 1745-1800 2. Early Nilrr nth Century 1801-1830 3. Antebellum 1831-1860 4. Late Nineteenth Century 1861-1900 5. Early Twentieth Century 1901-1950 The historic thewts r the heading of each of these perid, dess no historic res them, ---- Of the 230 sites identified in the county, 7 were rec being associated with the late eighteenth century period of settlement. 10 sites were recorded from a pried of devel nt in the early nineteenth century, 34 sites wm identif fed from the mid-ninteenth century cow01idat ion nsion af the region as an i agricultwd a, 135 sites wre assmiated with late nimteenth century industrial and agricultural develo the gro*h of population rce attributed to improved transportation. 38 sites listed in the early tventieth century, doc related buildings extensiw dairy cattle farming seats. Sites lmated were pred y related to both agricultwal themes, but e significant n r (not including individual buildings in district surveys) were associated with one or more other historic themes: 2. Agricult (without howe assmiated) 3 4, Education 5 5, Military 1 6, Religion 15 12 6 acturing/Craf ts 14 Individual study units contained varying n of sites, depending on the density type of settlement: Study hit 1 - in 37 Study Unit 2 - Back Creek 36 Study Unit 3 - Little River 37 Study Unit 4 - Peak Creek 15 Study Unit 5 - Draper Valley 65 Study Unit 6 - Nountain Land 40 Study Unit 7 - Tom of 0 r this contract) ological evidence, the New River Valley for a great period of ti=, from roughly 15,000 B.