Notes As this century progresses, new technologies like mass market cameras and motion pictures debase the value of realistic Kodak Instamatic Kodak painting more and more. C Moon Moon Landing 19th Century 19th 21st Century 21st olour Movies olour Vietnam War War Vietnam World War 2 World War World War 1 World War This leads to an emphasis on Television individual style rather than skill Apple II Apple as a means of differentiating oneself from another artist . Art becomes an extremely diverse landscape and much of it 2000 1900 1950 defies any commonly accepted classification. There are literally hundreds of new styles and movements, too many to capture in a systematic way. This presentation merely assemble a representative sample of what’s out there. KOBI’s Intro to Western Art Part III – the 20th Century version 9.0 Timeline of Western Art Notes This is Part 3 of a 3 part series on Part I – Classical Era the 1000 year history of Western Art beginning in 1000 AD. The other two parts cover Classical Art and 19th Century Middle Ages Modern Ages Art. High Middle Ages Late Middle Ages Age of Discovery Age of Enlightenment Art movements are in white and the corresponding historical eras Intl. Gothic N. Renaissance Rococo are in black. Romanesque Italo-Gothic Renaissance Baroque 1600 1000 1200 1400 1780 Modern Ages Contemporary Age Age of Revolution Age of Industry World Wars New World Order Realism Neo-Realism Romanticism Academism Surrealism Pre-Raphaelite Nouveau - Deco Consumer Art neo-Classicism Impressionism Advant-Garde 1780 1850 1900 2000 1945 Part II – 19th Century Part III – 20th Century Notes These are the last of the meta- cultural movements influencing architecture, furniture, art, signage, jewelry etc. Art Nouveau is predominant in the pre WW1 years and was Art NouveauArt based on the graceful curving forms and structures of nature. • Art Deco takes over from Art Sagrada Familia Paris Metro Entrance Nouveau after World War I. It was a stark change from Art Nouveau and was based on the Art Nouveau & Deco ( 1890 - 1940 ). look of the future and characterized by rich colours, bold geometrics with sharp corners. a homage to William Blake Art DecoArt • Chrysler Building Rockefeller Plaza Entrance ART NOUVEAU Alphonse Notes Mucha The Czech Alphonse Mucha was (1860 – 1939) Morning Star Evening the most famous exponent of (Moon and the Stars series) (Times of Day series) Art Nouveau, which was even called Style Mucha in his Emerald lifetime. (Precious Stones series) His practice was to paint panels in sets of four according to a theme, each with a woman. Many featured an elaborate frame typical of Art Nouveau (the 2 examples on the left ). Others featured an ornate disc behind the head (the 2 examples on the right ). As was to be common in the 20th century, his work took many forms including illustrations, advertisements, posters etc. Neptune’s Notes Horses Walter Crane was the consummate Victorian artist, working in a number of different styles and mediums. Peacock Garden Neptune’s Horses is a traditional painting in the style of William Blake. Cornflower and Anemone are art nouveau ceramic tiles designed Walter Imperial Federation: Extent of the British Empire in 1886 by Crane as part of a famous set Crane of 6 called Flora’s Train. (1845 – 1915) Peacock garden was one of his many elaborate Art Nouveau wallpaper designs. Imperial Federation is in an updated neo-classical style Cornflower befitting of the subject matter. It was printed as part of a newspaper supplement to ART NOUVEAU commemorate the Colonial & Indian Exhibition of 1886. Anemone Excalibur in the Lake Notes Beardsley lived a short life but has a prolific body of work, captured mostly in printed media. Ink illustrations were popular during the late 19th Century and he was the foremost practitioner of this art form in his day. He created 2 iconic illustration styles that are frequently emulated and deeply associated with Victorian England. The Peacock Skirt One is his half empty style as exampled in Skirt and Venus. He was probably inspired by the arrival of Japanese woodblock to England. The other is his two tone floral Aubrey style which very often was used Beardsley for framing. These patterns are (1872 – 1898) typical art nouveau. ART NOUVEAU Japonism Cover and spine of Venus Between Le Morte De Arthur Terminal Gods Notes Henri Rousseau is particularly well known for his geometric Fight between Tiger and Buffalo Woman Walking in simplification of jungle scenes. an Exotic Forest He was self-taught and never formally trained, which made it easy for him to ignore the rules of perspective for size, colour and detail that have been in place since the Renaissance. His paintings are of a genre called Naïve Art that originated with him. The name is a reference to its childlike The Dream simplicity. Rousseau is sometimes considered an early surrealist, given the dream like nature of his works (Surrealism will be discussed shortly). Henri Rousseau (1844 - 1910) NAIVE ART Notes Mr Tadeusz de ART DECO Lempicki Tamara de Lempicka is probably the artist most closely identified with the Art Deco movement. As Nude with Dove her second husband was a baron, she had the nickname ‘the Baroness with a Brush’. Ms. Lempika was born in Poland, lived in Paris and moved to America before WWII. Her style features clean high contrast colours and crisp lines, a style that will later be adopted by graphic novels. One characteristic of her art is the subject staring off centre to the left. This is the case in all 4 examples here. Madonna is a great fan and used Lempicka artwork in many of her music videos and world tours. Portrait of Mrs. M Tamara de Lempicka (1898 – 1980 ) Girl with Gloves Notes Hofman was a Dutch designer who specialized in posters, book covers and also stained glass. His work exemplifies the art deco style of framing, lettering, and its use of gold on black and the stylized man. -------------------------------------------- Rafael de Penagos is a Spanish artist famous for his hundreds of magazine and poster illustrations. Rafael de Penagos His works offer a window into Pieter ART DECO (1889 – 1954 ) the roaring twenties, a time Hofman when women were just (1886 – 1965 ) beginning to get empowered. Through his art he created a type of daring, well-dressed, sophisticated woman known as "mujer Penagos“ Notes Avant-Garde is French for vanguard - pushing the boundaries. The movement is a sweeping classification of the myriad of successor movements to post- impressionism. With the rise of individualism FAUVISM CUBISM everyone wants to be original, leading to multiple art styles blossoming at the same time. Artists rely on the ‘shock’ value ( 1910 - ? ) . Avant-Garde of their works and become driven by sensationalism. We are not sure if or when the Avant-Garde period was over, this is for future art historians to decide FUTURISM BAUHAUS NEOPLASTICISM Henri Notes Matisse Matisse painted in varying styles depending on the period in his (1869 - 1954) life but he is best known for his work on Fauvism. FAUVISM les Fauves is French for ‘the wild beasts’, meaning the Fauvists had no regard whatsoever for established convention. His work featured complete flatness, wild brushwork, unbroken strong colours and a The Dance Odalisque high degree of simplification and with Raised Arms Odalisque on Turkish Sofa abstraction. Matisse’s The Dance and Pink Nude are often cited as classic Pink Nude examples of Fauvist paintings. Pablo Notes Picasso Picasso started out painting (1881 - 1973) conventionally, in his Blue and Rose periods. Head of a Woman Reading He then moved on to the Africa Surreal Cubism period where the idea of cubism began to take shape. This further evolved into analytical cubism, which breaks Garcon a la Pipe down a subject into component Rose Period basic shapes, allowing views from multiple angles. The Young Ladies of Avignon Africa Period - proto Cubism He finally moved on to a surrealistic form of cubism with CUBISM Portrait of Kahnweiler Analytical Cubism its characteristic split faces, recognized by the general public The Women of Algiers (ver. 0) Guernica as his signature style. The most expensive painting ever auctioned was Picasso’s Women of Algiers version 0, which sold for $179 million in 2015. Elasticity Notes Amadeo Modigliani is sometimes classified as one of the Fauvists because of the intentional distortions in his work, but being Italian he had no true links with the Fauvists. His paintings are easily recognized through his unique style of elongated faces and rich colours. -------------------------------------------- Red Nude Umberto Boccioni was an Amadeo Umberto FUTURISM important member of the Bride and Groom Modigliani Boccioni (1882 – 1916) Futurism movement. (1884 – 1920) Like the other Futurists, his innovative work centered on the Horizontal Volumes portrayal of energy, motion, time, and technology. From his talented work in multi- dimensions, he would surely have been more famous than Piccasso had he not died an early death in World War I. Jeanne Hebuterne NEOPLASTICISM Notes Mondrain was part of the Dutch artistic movement De Stijl (the Wassily Style) which advocated pure Kandinsky abstraction of form and colour. BAUHAUS (1866 – 1944) unbroken line When the ideas of De Stijl are expressed as an painting, it is called Neoplasticism. The rules of Neoplasticism allowed only straight lines and the use of white, black and the 3 Piet primary colours red, blue yellow. Mondrian -------------------------------------------- (1872 – 1944) The Bauhaus Movement was a German sister movement of De Around Stijl which emphasized simplicity the Circle and functionality. It was named after a German Design school from the between war years, and Wassily Kandinsky taught there until the Nazis closed the school.