Indhold Forord........................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Sammenfatning....................................................................................................................................................... 4 Arbejdsgruppens anbefalinger ............................................................................................................................. 6 Indledning................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Open source software i den digitale forvaltning................................................................................................ 8 1.1. Open source software i den digitale forvaltning.................................................................................................................................8 1.2. Digital forvaltning i Danmark...........................................................................................................................................................................10 1.3 Digital forvaltning ifølge Den Digitale Taskforce............................................................................................................................11 1.4 Digital forvaltning i praksis..................................................................................................................................................................................11 1.5. Den digitale forvaltnings krav til informationsteknologien..............................................................................................12 1.6. Hvorfor er open source software interessant for den offentlige sektor?..................................................................13 1.7 Open source software i politisk fokus..........................................................................................................................................................14 1.8. Konklusion............................................................................................................................................................................................................................14 Hvad er open source software?............................................................................................................................ 15 2.1. Open source som praksis og bevægelse.....................................................................................................................................................15 2.3. Brugerens rettigheder ifølge open source licenser.......................................................................................................................16 2.4. Distribution og betaling...........................................................................................................................................................................................17 2.5. Åbne standarder..............................................................................................................................................................................................................17 2.6. Licenser og ophavsret..................................................................................................................................................................................................18 2.7. Konklusion............................................................................................................................................................................................................................19 Open source som desktop, infrastruktur og specialudviklet software ......................................................... 20 3.1. Definitioner..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................20 3.2. Software på arbejdsstationen.............................................................................................................................................................................20 3.3 Infrastruktur-software...............................................................................................................................................................................................24 3.4. Specialudviklet software.........................................................................................................................................................................................28 3.5. Konklusion............................................................................................................................................................................................................................28 Økonomiske analyser af open source ................................................................................................................ 29 4.1. Økonomiske karakteristika ved software som produkt på et marked......................................................................29 4.2. Analysens begrænsninger......................................................................................................................................................................................29 4.3. Det økonomiske rettighedsperspektiv......................................................................................................................................................30 4.4. Det økonomiske udviklingsperspektiv.....................................................................................................................................................30 4.5. Optioner...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................31 4.6. Software omkostninger i et optionsperspektiv.................................................................................................................................31 4.7. Opgradering i et optionsperspektiv..............................................................................................................................................................34 4.8. Licensbindinger................................................................................................................................................................................................................35 4.9. Økonomisk model for en investeringsbeslutning..........................................................................................................................36 4.10. Optionseksempel.........................................................................................................................................................................................................38 1 4.11. Konklusion........................................................................................................................................................................................................................38 Økonomiske analyser af anvendelse af open source på desktop................................................................... 39 5.1. Den generelle økonomiske model..................................................................................................................................................................39 5.2. Et fiktivt eksempel........................................................................................................................................................................................................40 5.3. Århus Amt..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................42 5.4. Hanstholm Kommune................................................................................................................................................................................................45 5.5. AMU-Center København..........................................................................................................................................................................................45 5.7. Kompatibilitet...................................................................................................................................................................................................................47 5.8. Markedsudvikling.........................................................................................................................................................................................................48 5.9. Samlet vurdering af eksemplerne..................................................................................................................................................................48 5.10. Konklusion........................................................................................................................................................................................................................49 Økonomiske analyser af open source som infrastruktur software..............................................................