22 CHAPTER 2 PHYSICAL FEASIBILITY— what is the condition of the railbed now, and what are the opportunities and constraints to repurposing it as a rail trail? Like the ingenuous footpaths Native Americans mapped out along the most dry level and direct route through the ridges and valleys centuries ago, the L&T’s surveyors and engineers followed the lowlands near the center of the valley and the gaps through the mountains carved by the creek to avoid steep slopes, locating the railbed on the natural bench above the creek or creating a new bench for the railbed where none existed before to avoid wet areas and washouts from annual Spring freshets and the occasional 100 year flood or hurricane. For the most part, that strategy worked, explaining why much of the railbed remains intact today, more than a century after it was built. Nevertheless, the corridor is not without its issues. Many sections of the railbed are overgrown with small trees and impassable thickets of invasive shrubs, the stone ballast oftentimes hidden from view beneath verdant beds of grass and moss. Puddling occurs in places where culverts filled in after the railbed was abandoned. In some areas, the railbed has been altered, removed or already repurposed for driveways, fencerows and cropland, or more intensive uses, like the Penn Township sewer plant and the Grange Fair concessions area. Some lands are in ag preservation, which prohibits non-agricultural activities, including trails. The floor of both tunnels are littered with rock, calling into question the safety of their use by the general public. Most bridges lack decking and some are missing altogether. While some of these constraints can be worked around, others cannot. Nevertheless, much of the gravel ballast railbed, bridge and tunnel structures and drainage system remain viable candidates for repurposing as a rail trail. The first set of maps on the following pages describe key natural and manmade features along the entire corridor from the perspective of 1”:12,500 feet. The second set of maps, zoomed in to 1”:3,125 feet, identify opportunities and constraints to repurposing the railbed as a rail trail, dividing the corridor into 6 segments corresponding to historic stops along the former L&T. Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI) maps identifying areas where rare, threatened, and endangered plants and animals could be impacted are included in the Appendix. Two areas, the Sinking Creek Prairie west of Spring Mills and the Penns Creek Conservation/ Hardwood Areas in Bald Eagle State Forest east of Ingleby, will require further review by state agencies. The entire Penns/Brush valley region was determined eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as a Conservation Landscape, meaning a Section 106 review will be required before any publicly funded trail development occurs. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 LEMONT STATION TO OAK HALL STATION TOUR GUIDES Sue Smith, member of the Study Committee from the Lemont Village Association, and Michael Beck, owner, Café Lemont OPPORTUNITIES Lemont is a bedroom community for Penn State, and like the University town, a very walkable and bike friendly place. L&T investor Moses Thompson’s historic granary and coal shed are visible reminders of the L&T’s prominent role in this community. The post office, located near the former railbed, functions as a gathering space for the village, with ample parking and plans for public restrooms that could serve as a trailhead. Several businesses in town, like Café Lemont, could provide trail related amenities to trail users. A connection to the trail in Slab Cabin Park would connect the trail and Lemont to the University. Oak Hall lies at the east end of this segment. Although cut in half when the 322 Bypass was built, much historic fabric remains in this hamlet within view of the railbed, including the first floor of a stone mill repurposed as a home for one of the country’s foremost trout anglers, a tiny meticulously restored log house beside the millrace, and the Biddle Family’s historic Oak Hall mansion with its elegant wrought iron filigree porch surrounded by pastured Champion Belgian draft horses. A connection to the Oak Hall Regional Park would be a plus for the trail. The park, designed to host regional softball tournaments, includes a perimeter loop trail for hikers and bikers. PennDOT is exploring ways to improve the Oak Hall interchange that could include bike lanes alongside the highway. CONSTRAINTS A metal building sits on the railbed near Old Boalsburg Road. The railbed’s owner has plans for additional development closer to the village that includes a sidewalk that could be used for the trail. The former rail crossing at old Boalsburg Road has poor visibility. A section of the elevated railbed on the property east of the crossing was removed to create a driveway. Although presently designated as PA Bike Route G and Penns Cave Ride, Old Boalsburg Road is narrow and winding, and heavily used by trucks hauling stone from the quarry, so not well suited as a “share the road” option. The bridge on the railbed west of the quarry is missing its deck, although the superstructure and foundations appear to be in good condition for light use as a rail trail. The entrance to the railbed through the quarry is posted with “no trespassing” signs, and it’s not clear whether the railbed is intact through the quarry, which is very actively mined, including occasional blasting. Locals say the quarry will be donated to the community after the stone is exhausted in 10 to 20 years, but no one we spoke to could confirm this “rumor.” Access to the Oak Hall Regional Park from the railbed would have to be through private property or along existing roads. A “ghost bike” memorial to a cyclist killed at the Oak Hall interchange is a grim reminder that these roads are not well suited to a share the road option. 37 38 OAK HALL TO GREGG STATION TOUR GUIDE: Study Committee member and Harris Township Supervisor Denny Hameister, also a member of The Linden Hall Village Association. OPPORTUNITIES: Playful Wizard of Oz sculptures occupy the meadow of the farm on the road to Linden Hall. The Linden Hall Village Association owns a 1,200 foot section of the railbed maintained as a private park for the village. Linden Hall was a regular stop on the L&T. Although the station is gone now, the old mill dam and former general store are scenic reminders of busier days captured in the Linden Hall Garden Club’s book, Sketches of Linden Hall. The Linden Hall Lumber Company operated a tramline between Bear Meadows and a sawmill in the village, described in Benjamin Kline’s book, “Wildcatting on the Mountain.” The one room Rock Hill schoolhouse is a community center, and although not on the railbed, could function as a trailhead. Hameister maintains a section of the railbed behind his home as a trail, as well a neighboring section of the railbed. Herds of Scottish Highland cattle and bison grazing on pastures between Smith Lane and Rimmey Road add to the area’s rural character. CONSTRAINTS: Sections of the railbed between Oak Hall and Gregg Station have been overbuilt. Several bridges are missing decks along the route. Linden Hall is a quiet place today, functioning mostly as a bedroom community for Penn State, and many people said they value their privacy more than the benefits of a trail. A fence runs down the middle of the railbed in several areas. Several landowners are using the railbed for driveways, and the narrow winding roads are not well suited as alternate share the road options, even though they are marked and often used as bike paths. A landowner installed a trip wire on the railbed and a woman jogger was seriously injured several years ago, resulting in a lawsuit and lingering animosity about the trail. Some members of the village continue to resent the fact that that the township did not act to buy the right of way when it was abandoned by Penn Central. 39 40 GREGG STATION TO CENTRE HALL STATION TOUR GUIDES: Michael Troyan, member of the Study Committee, Potter Township Planning Commission and Tri-Municipal Park. James Lesher, President of Rhonemeade’s Board of Directors gave us a tour of Rhonemeade, and we also met with Anne Traband, owner, Carousel Farm. OPPORTUNITIES: Plans for the 165 acre Tri Municpal Park already include improving the railbed on the far (south) end of the park property. S&A Homes owns the right of way opposite the municipal park; the land is zoned for single family homes that would benefit from access to a trail for a Safe Route to School in nearby Centre Hall. The 800 foot section of railbed west of Gregg Station Lane was cleared a decade ago and has been maintained as a trail by Rhoneymeade’s manager, James Lesher. Rhoneymeade’s historic brick home is on the National Register, and is the homestead of Grange Fair PicNic founder Leonard Rhone. Rhonemreade’s owner Richard Morgan would like to expand the trail to connect the Grange Fair to Rhoneymeade’s arboretum, outdoor sculpture garden, and studio, which are open to the public on weekends throughout the summer. The Grange Fair is home to the oldest tent encampment in the United States, with 950 tents, 1,300 RV’s, hundreds of concessions and over 7,000 exhibit items. The Grangers recently built a multi-million dollar equestrian facility on land near the railbed.