2019 POINT-IN-TIME Count of Homelessness in Portland/Gresham/Multnomah County, Oregon 1 of 61 Contents 1. Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 9 3. Methodology ............................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1. What the PIT Count Does and Does Not Tell Us ............................................................................... 10 4. Overall Results ......................................................................................................................................... 11 4.1. Change over Time in HUD Homelessness ........................................................................................ 11 4.1.1. Unsheltered Population .............................................................................................................. 12 4.1.2. Emergency Shelter ..................................................................................................................... 13 4.1.3. Transitional Housing ................................................................................................................... 13 4.1.4. PIT Numbers in Context: Efforts to End & Prevent Homelessness ............................................. 13 5. Demographics .......................................................................................................................................... 15 5.1. Race & Ethnicity ................................................................................................................................ 15 5.1.1. Change over Time ...................................................................................................................... 17 5.1.2. Gender ....................................................................................................................................... 21 5.1.3. Age Groups ................................................................................................................................ 22 5.2. Gender .............................................................................................................................................. 23 5.2.1. Change over Time ...................................................................................................................... 23 5.3. Age Groups ....................................................................................................................................... 24 5.3.1. Change over Time ...................................................................................................................... 25 5.4. Household Composition .................................................................................................................... 27 5.4.1. Change over Time ...................................................................................................................... 27 5.4.2. Race & Ethnicity ......................................................................................................................... 29 5.4.2.1. Change over Time ............................................................................................................... 32 5.5. Chronic Homelessness ...................................................................................................................... 33 5.5.1. Change over Time ...................................................................................................................... 34 5.5.2. Race & Ethnicity ......................................................................................................................... 35 5.5.2.1. Change over Time ............................................................................................................... 36 5.6. Disabling Conditions .......................................................................................................................... 37 5.6.1. Change over Time ...................................................................................................................... 38 5.6.1.1. Race & Ethnicity .................................................................................................................. 41 5.7. Domestic Violence ............................................................................................................................. 41 5.7.1. Change over Time ...................................................................................................................... 42 5.7.2. Gender ....................................................................................................................................... 43 5.7.3. Race & Ethnicity ......................................................................................................................... 43 5.8. Veteran Status ................................................................................................................................... 44 5.8.1. Change over Time ...................................................................................................................... 45 5.8.2. Race & Ethnicity ......................................................................................................................... 46 2 of 61 6. Additional Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 47 6.1. First-Time Homelessness .................................................................................................................. 47 6.1.1. Change over Time ...................................................................................................................... 47 6.1.2. Race & Ethnicity ......................................................................................................................... 47 6.2. Length of Time Homeless .................................................................................................................. 49 6.2.1. Change over Time ...................................................................................................................... 49 6.3. Geographic Locations ........................................................................................................................ 50 6.3.1. Change over Time ...................................................................................................................... 51 6.3.1.1. Chronic Homelessness........................................................................................................ 52 6.4. People Sleeping in Tents ................................................................................................................... 53 6.5. Migration ........................................................................................................................................... 53 6.6. Additional Demographic Analysis ...................................................................................................... 55 7. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 55 8. Notes on Analytic Methodology ................................................................................................................ 56 8.1. People Missing from the PIT .............................................................................................................. 56 8.1.1. Doubled-Up Population .............................................................................................................. 56 8.1.2. Non-Participants ......................................................................................................................... 56 8.1.3. People Not Found ...................................................................................................................... 57 8.1.4. People in Hospitals, Jails & Prisons ............................................................................................ 57 8.2. Challenges of Using PIT Data for Assessing Change over Time ....................................................... 57 8.2.1. Narrow Definition of Homelessness ............................................................................................ 57 8.2.2. Other Challenges ....................................................................................................................... 58 8.3. Reporting on Race & Ethnicity ........................................................................................................... 58 8.4. De-duplication ................................................................................................................................... 58 8.5. Identifying Unsheltered Households .................................................................................................. 59 8.6. Unknown Values ............................................................................................................................... 59 9. Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................. 59 10. Appendices ..........................................................................................................................................