APPALACHIAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY global energy local coal a land about which, perhaps, more things are known labor that are not true than of any part of our country class wealth JOHN C. CAMPBELL poverty place image at once the other America and the conscience of America water RON ELLER watershed region land culture one of America's most important, least understood, knowledge and least appreciated regions mountain RICHARD ULACK AND KARL RAITZ religion music migration race not a metaphor for America, Appalachia is America story RODGER CUNNINGHAM myth education gender literature leadership art progress policy rural heritage humor democracy University of Kentucky AppalachiAN StudieS research and Design: Nyoka hawkins 1977-2011 Created for the University of Kentucky Appalachian Studies Program/2011 Copyright © Nyoka hawkins/old Cove Press/2011 All rights reserved www.appalachiancenter.org/appalachian_studies_program College of Arts and Sciences IMAGES: Library of Congress Digital Collections • U.S. Geological Survey • NASA• Diego Gutiérrez 1562 Map of America •1888 Map, Lexington, Kentucky, C.J. Pauli (detail: State College of Kentucky). Cover QUotAtions: John C. Campbell, The Southern Highlander and His Homeland, University Press of Kentucky, 1969 (russell Sage Foundation 1921)• ron eller, Uneven Ground: Appalachia Since 1945, University Press of Kentucky, 2008 • richard Ulack and Karl B. raitz, Appalachia: A Regional Geography, Land, People, and Development, Westview, 1984 • rodger Cunningham, ‘the view From the Castle,’ Confronting Appalachian Stereotypes: Back Talk from an American Region, University Press of Kentucky, 1999. APPALACHIAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC AND ARTS are a vital and treasured part of our national heritage. THE APPALACHIAN LITERARY RENAISSANCE of the 1970s brought fresh attention to Appalachian literature and gave rise to a new generation of Appalachian writers. THE NatURAL RESOURCES OF APPALACHIAN KENTUCKY provide electricity and water to U.K. and the Bluegrass region. The Kentucky River, the source of central Kentucky’s water supply, begins on the northern slopes of Pine Mountain in Letcher County. Coal SINCE 1865, provides 92% of Kentucky’s electricity. THE UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY Approximately 78% of Kentucky’s coal AND THE APPALACHIAN REGION is mined in eastern Kentucky. Eastern have been connected by the University’s Kentucky miners make up 84% of the founding mission to serve the Commonwealth. THE CREatION OF THE APPALACHIAN state’s coal mining work force.* Appalachian Kentucky includes 54 of STUDIES PROGRAM in 1977 was a *Kentucky Coal Association Kentucky’s 120 counties, covers 46 % of watershed moment in the University of the state’s land mass, and measures 18,302 Kentucky’s relationship with Appalachia. APPALACHIA’S POVERTY AND YET GREat CONTRIBUTION OF WEALTH TO THE NatION * square miles, an area larger than Denmark, Part of a growing Appalachian Studies engages the ethical and civic dimensions of education. Educational attainment levels in Appalachian Switzerland or Belgium. A region of mineral movement throughout the region, U.K. faculty, Kentucky are among the lowest in the United States. The Appalachian Studies Program supports the riches and human poverty, natural beauty and administrators and students came together to University’s founding mission to promote educational equality throughout Kentucky. environmental devastation, a symbol of American create the Appalachian Studies curriculum, heritage sometimes labeled an ‘Other America,’ the Appalachian Center and the library’s Appalachia remains paradoxical. For more than a Appalachian Collection. The Appalachian century, the region has generated an outpouring Studies Program created a fresh synthesis of of scholarship, media attention, philanthropy, cross-disciplinary collaboration, innovative economic development efforts, programs of course development and new levels of missionary uplift, and cycles of ‘rediscovery.’ engagement with the region. * Appalachian Regional Commission RESEARCH/DESIGN © NYOKA HAWKINS/OLD COVE PRESS/2011 s. ear 0 y 10 n ha e t or r m fo ry . st ama du . lab in on l A gy . ti tra er nd sta en the en la va c region l t e to appalachian s d ba e l da lo ch ta a g ri n an includes all of West Virginia and parts of Alabama, Georgia, e ’s e C th ld nm n of or o er t w ir h Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, ar e nv ut NEW YORK p th f e so en f o m be o es o e e n fr Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia av om ce es s h s s il ld on by m f e e d 0 al liv de 00 NORTHERN Appalachian KY: 18,302 sq. miles co le n 2, ky p ou g uc eo rr in HIAN KE Denmark: 16,639 sq. miles nt t p su d LAC NTU e es y en A C Switzerland: 15,940 sq. miles e K r t xt PP entucky KY th oo au e A 54 of K ’s 120 c nd s p be h, udes ount Belgium: 11,787 sq. miles a a n’ al rt incl ies chi tio ur Ea of the state’s Massachusetts: 7,838 sq. miles ala na at n rs 46% land m pp e n t o ove ass al A th at es PENNSYLVANIA c Connecticut: 5,543 sq. miles Centr of re ld sures 18,302 squar e f g e o OHIO d mea e mil som s o th an es, ROBERTSON ia e g ach cen on ea larger than Denm pal s s m MARYLAND n ar ark GREENUP Ap re a a , In u re LEWIS at a NORTH CENTRAL BOYD rland or Belg NICHOLAS FLEMING fe ns Switze ium MONTGOMERY CARTER ion tai e reg un ELLIOTT h o ROWAN LAWRENCE T WEST VIRGINIA BATH n M hia CLARK lac MENIFEE MORGAN JOHNSON ppa MARTIN A POWELL MAGOFFIN The WOLFE CENTRAL GARRARD MADISON ESTILL KENTUCKY LEE FLOYD BREATHITT PIKE LINCOLN JACKSON OWSLEY VIRGINIA /2011 PERRY KNOTT EDMONSON HART CASEY GREEN ROCKCASTLE CLAY METCALFE PULASKI ADAIR LAUREL LESLIE LETCHER PRESS RUSSELL KNOX E WHITLEY V WAYNE HARLAN TENNESSEE MONROE BELL NORTH CAROLINA CUMBERLAND CLINTON McCREARY SOUTH CENTRAL CO SUBREGIONS OF APPALACHIA D OL / inment rates in Appalachia are among t ational atta he lowest in INS Educ the nati on SOUTHERN . WK SOUTH CAROLINA HA EDUCATION, HIGH SCHOOL AND COLLEGE COMPLETION RATES, 2000 A K O GEORGIA Y PERCENT COMPLETED HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL COMPLETION, PERCENT OF U.S. AVERAGE N United States 80.4% United States 100.0% © Kentucky 74.1% Kentucky 92.2% MISSISSIPPI Appalachian Region 76.8% Appalachian Region 95.6% ALABAMA ESIGN Appalachian Kentucky 62.5% Appalachian Kentucky 77.7% PER CAPITA MARKET INCOME, 2007 /D U.S. $32,930 • KY $24,708 • PERCENT COMPLETED COLLEGE COLLEGE COMPLETION, PERCENT OF U.S. AVERAGE POPULATION, APRIL 1, 2000 LAND AREA (square miles) ppalachian Regional Commission; World Encyclopedia, Oxford Reference Online. App Region $24,360 • App KY $15,690 United States 24.4% United States 100.0% United States 281,421,906 United States 3,537,438 A Kentucky 17.1% Appalachian Region 72.2% Appalachian Region 23,642,578 POVERTY RATE, 2000 Appalachian Region 204,812 Appalachian Region 17.6% Kentucky 70.2% Kentucky 4,041,769 U.S. 12.4% • KY 15.8% • Kentucky 39,728 RESEARCH DATA: Appalachian Kentucky 10.4% Appalachian Kentucky 42.7% Appalachian Kentucky 1,160,627 App Region 13.6% • App KY 24.4% Appalachian Kentucky 18,302 UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY appalachian studies timeline IN THE CONTEXT OF RELATED EVENTS 1880-2011 1880-1930 INDUSTRIALIZATION OF AppALAChiA • RAILROADS • TIMBERING • MINERAL EXTRACTION • UNION ORGANIZING 1913 Council of Southern Mountain Workers formed 2011 Ancient Creek, Gurney Norman 1925 Mountain Life and Work begins publication 2010 I Wonder as I Wander: The Biography of John Jacob Niles, Ronald A. Pen 1932 Highlander Folk School established 2010 Recovering the Commons: 1934 Man with a Bull-Tongue Plow, Jesse Stuart Democracy, Place, and Global Justice, Herbert Reid and Betsy Taylor 1940 River of Earth, James Still 2008 Uneven Ground: Appalachia Since 1945, Ronald D Eller 2007 Lost Mountain: A Year in the Vanishing Wilderness, 1946 James S. Brown joins UK Sociology Department Radical Strip Mining and the Devastation of Appalachia, Erik Reece 1950 Beech Creek: A Study of a Kentucky Mountain Neighborhood, James S. Brown 2005 $200,503 NEH grant to enhance Appalachian Collection 1954 The Dollmaker, Harriette Arnow 2002 Women, Power, Dissent in the Hills of Carolina, Mary K. Anglin 1957 Pat and Tom Gish acquire The Mountain Eagle, Whitesburg, Kentucky 2001 $325,000 Rockefeller Humanities Fellowships grant, Civic Professionalism & Global Regionalism 1959 Little Smoky Ridge, Marion Pearsall 2000 Board of Trustees establishes James S. Brown Graduate Appalachian Studies Fund 2000 The Road to Poverty, Dwight Billings & Kathleen Blee 1961 The Southern Mountaineer in Fact and Fiction, Cratis D. Williams, Ph.D. dissertation, NYU 1999 Confronting Appalachian Stereotypes, Dwight Billings, Gurney Norman, Katherine Ledford, eds. 1962 The Southern Appalachian Region: A Survey, Thomas R. Ford, ed. 1998 Erik Reece joins UK English Department 1963 President John F. Kennedy forms the President’s Appalachian Regional Commission (PARC) 1996 Appalnet listserv founded 1963 Night Comes to the Cumberlands, Harry M. Caudill 1995 Two Sides to Everything, Shaunna L. Scott 1964 President Lyndon B. Johnson announces a War on Poverty, Martin County, Kentucky 1995 Appalachia in the Making: The Mountain South in the Nineteenth Century, Dwight Billings, et al. 1964/65 Appalachian Regional Commission established 1994 Mary Anglin joins UK Anthropology Department 1991 Ron Pen joins UK School of Music 1967 John B. Stephenson joins UK Sociology Department 1990 $1,208,850 W. K. Kellogg Foundation grant, Appalachian Civic Leadership Project 1968 Shiloh: A Mountain Community, John B. Stephenson 1990 Shaunna L. Scott joins UK Sociology Department 1968 Herbert G.