COPERNICUS LAND MONITORING SERVICE <TITLE> Yngvar Larsen - NORCE Petar Marinkovic - PPO.labs John F. Dehls, Marie Bredal - Geological Survey of Norway Charlotte Bishop, Gudmundur Jøkulsson, Lars-Petter Gjøvik - Kongsberg Satellite Services (KSAT) Regula Frauenfelder, Sean E. Salazar, Malte Vöge - Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) Mario Costantini, Federico Minati, Francesco Trillo - e-GEOS S.p.A. Alessandro Ferretti, Renalt Capes, Marco Bianchi - TRE ALTAMIRA s.r.l. Alessandro Parizzi, Ramon Brcic - German Aerospace Center (DLR) Francesco Casu, Riccardo Lanari, Michele Manunta, Mariarosaria Manzo, Manuela Bonano, Claudio De Luca, Giovanni Onorato, Ivana Zinno - Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell Ambiente (IREA-CNR) 1 EU-EEA DELEGATION AGREEMENT Copernicus Land Monitoring Service CONTRACT No 3436/R0-COPERNICUS/EEA.57646 Reporting information Report title: European Ground Motion Service: Service Implementation Plan and Product Specification Document Report website: https://land.copernicus.eu/user-corner/technical- library/european-ground-motion-service Report version: Version 1.01 Date of preparation: 28/01/2020 Beneficiary organisation: EC, DG GROW, Copernicus unit Project coordinator: Henrik Steen Andersen Project coordinator organisation: European Environment Agency Project coordinator telephone number: +45 3343 5986 Project coordinator email address: [email protected] Revision history Revision Date Modified by Comments 0.1 24.09.2019 Consortium First outline 0.5 01.11.2019 Consortium Mid-term version 0.8 18.11.2019 Consortium Final draft version 1.0 22.01.2020 Consortium Final complete version 1.01 28.01.2020 Consortium Minor edits 2 EU-EEA DELEGATION AGREEMENT Copernicus Land Monitoring Service CONTRACT No 3436/R0-COPERNICUS/EEA.57646 Contents Executive summary ......................................................................................................................... 17 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 18 2. Background on technology ...................................................................................................... 20 Ground motion mapping with Spaceborne Radar ............................................................. 20 2.1.1. Synthetic Aperture Radar ......................................................................................... 20 2.1.2. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) ...................................................................................... 21 2.1.2.1. Mapping millimetric ground motion with InSAR ................................................ 22 2.1.2.2. Time-series InSAR: tool for reliable estimation of ground motion ...................... 22 2.1.2.3. InSAR based Ground Motion Products .............................................................. 24 2.1.2.4. Quality Standards & Validation ......................................................................... 25 2.1.3. Challenges, Limitations & Opportunities ................................................................... 25 2.1.3.1. Geolocalisation ................................................................................................. 25 2.1.3.2. Relative nature of the technique ....................................................................... 25 2.1.3.3. Opportunistic nature of the technique .............................................................. 25 2.1.3.4. One-dimensional motion estimates .................................................................. 26 Copernicus Program & Sentinel-1 Mission ........................................................................ 26 Large-scale Applications: Opportunities & Challenges ...................................................... 26 Summary.......................................................................................................................... 27 References ....................................................................................................................... 27 3. Service implementation plan (SIP)............................................................................................ 28 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 28 End-user requirements..................................................................................................... 28 3.2.1. User types ................................................................................................................ 28 3.2.2. Benefits of EGMS and use cases................................................................................ 28 3.2.2.1. Civil engineering ............................................................................................... 29 3.2.2.2. Mining .............................................................................................................. 30 3.2.2.3. Energy sector .................................................................................................... 30 3.2.2.4. Motion of landforms ......................................................................................... 31 3.2.2.5. Seismic and tectonics ........................................................................................ 31 3.2.3. Use case categories .................................................................................................. 32 3.2.4. Technical requirements categories ........................................................................... 33 3.2.5. Requirements analysis .............................................................................................. 34 3.2.6. Deformation regimes ................................................................................................ 35 3.2.6.1. Discussion on linear and non-linear motion ...................................................... 39 3.2.6.2. References: ....................................................................................................... 40 3 EU-EEA DELEGATION AGREEMENT Copernicus Land Monitoring Service CONTRACT No 3436/R0-COPERNICUS/EEA.57646 3.2.7. Summary: Assessment of EGMS feasibility for use cases ........................................... 40 Geographical coverage ..................................................................................................... 42 Production system ........................................................................................................... 45 3.4.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 45 3.4.2. Production flow ........................................................................................................ 45 3.4.3. Capacity requirements ............................................................................................. 49 3.4.3.1. Input data volume considerations ..................................................................... 50 3.4.3.2. Bandwidth requirements .................................................................................. 50 3.4.3.3. System requirements for core processing system.............................................. 51 3.4.4. Production system deployment models .................................................................... 54 3.4.4.1. Centralised processing ...................................................................................... 55 3.4.4.2. Cloud processing ............................................................................................... 55 3.4.4.3. Hybrid alternatives ........................................................................................... 56 3.4.5. System monitoring and maintenance ....................................................................... 56 3.4.5.1. Monitoring ....................................................................................................... 56 3.4.5.2. Human interaction ............................................................................................ 56 3.4.5.3. Maintenance and operations ............................................................................ 56 3.4.6. Production plan and implementation timetable........................................................ 57 3.4.6.1. Initial phase: first production cycle.................................................................... 58 3.4.6.2. Subsequent production cycles .......................................................................... 59 Quality control ................................................................................................................. 60 3.5.1. Definitions ................................................................................................................ 60 3.5.1.1. Definition of “Internal QC” ................................................................................ 60 3.5.1.2. Definition of “External QC” ............................................................................... 60 3.5.2. Pointwise quality measures ...................................................................................... 60 3.5.2.1. Temporal coherence ......................................................................................... 60 3.5.2.2. Root-mean-square error ................................................................................... 61 3.5.3. Measurement point density ....................................................................................