NHB College 2012 Round 2 Tossups 1. Watson Squire, a governor of this state, tried to prevent the Knights of Labor from expelling Chinese immigrants from its largest city in 1886. A “Kingdom of Heaven” was founded in this state by William W. Davies. Settlers were led here by Arthur A. Denny. This modern day state witnessed the (*) Whitman Massacre, which sparked the Cayuse War. Islands off the coast of this state were disputed in the Pig War. This state is home to manufacturing hubs like Renton and Everett. Protests erupted in its largest city during a 1999 meeting of the WTO. For 10 points, name this state, home to Walla Walla, Tacoma, and Spokane. ANSWER: Washington State 094-12-54-02102 2. Archaeological information about this region comes from excavations done by Paul Bernard at Ai Khanum. This region's Greek revolts were calmed when Stasanor was appointed governor. The throne of this kingdom was usurped by Euthydemus, who had succeeded Diodotus as ruler of this polity. The area occupied by this kingdom would later be occupied by the Yuezhi people, and absorbed into the Tocharian kingdom. Originally an Achaemenian satrapy, this region gained its independence from the (*) Seleucids, and notable rulers of this region included the murderer of Darius III, Bessus. For 10 points, identify this region lying between the Hindu Kush and the Oxus, or Amu Darya, whose ancient capital was modern-day Balkh in Afghanistan and which is the namesake of a two-humped camel. ANSWER: Bactria [or Bactriana or Zariaspa] 043-12-54-02103 3. At one point, this work argues that we must recognize that "only a minority of social institutions are consciously designed, while the...majority have just grown." It criticizes both the anti-naturalistic and the pro-naturalistic variants of the title phenomenon, and coins the term “Oedipus effect” to describe the “influence of the prediction upon the predicted event.” This work advocates for a “technological approach to society” which its author calls (*) “piecemeal technology,” and argues that much of the problem of the title methodological approach stems from confusing laws with trends. For 10 points, identify this work which argues that theories which attempt to predict the future course of society are logically incoherent, written by Karl Popper. ANSWER: The Poverty of Historicism 043-12-54-02104 4. One ruler with this name was a Moldavian prince dubbed “the Wolf,” who introduced the first written laws to Moldavia. A ruler with this name murdered Caesar Bardas. Another bearer of this name gave his sister Anne in marriage to a neighboring prince in exchange for conversion to Christianity. In addition to naming the brother-in-law of (*) Vladimir I of Kiev, this name belongs to a ruler who overthrew Michael III and had Ignatius installed over Photius as patriarch of Constantinople. The second ruler of this name failed to marry his niece Zoe off to Otto III and obtained his moniker by defeating Tsar Samuel’s forces at Ochrida. For 10 points, identify this name shared by the founder of the Macedonian dynasty as well as a later member who styled himself “the Bulgar-slayer.” ANSWER: Basil [accept Vasily because of the first clue] 043-12-54-02105 NHB College 2012 Round 2 Page 1 of 11 5. During this time period, several rulers agreed to impose a death sentence for “unfilial” behavior at the Kuiqiu conference. Eighty-five years into this era, the most powerful ruler began to arbitrate disputes under the “Ba system.” The first Ba ruler won a victory over the Chi Di during this timeframe, which saw the introduction of lost wax casting, the pattern block, and tea into China. The battles of Chengpu and Mi marked opposite results for (*) Jin during this period, which included the military career of Sun Tzu. The seizure of power by the Tian in 481 BCE is the conventional end date for this period, and the beginning of the Warring States. For 10 points, name this three-century long period that began the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and is chronicled in namesake Confucian “annals.” ANSWER: the Spring and Autumn Period [or Chunqiu Shidai; or Ch’un-ch’iu Shih-tai ; prompt on Zhou Dynasty before it is read; accept Eastern Zhou Dynasty before it is read] 019-12-54-02106 6. A precise value for this quantity was obtained by Jean Fernel and confirmed by Richard Norwood using the recently invented surveying chain. A value for this quantity is derived in the first section of the Aryabhatia of Aryabhatta, whose work was promoted by the middle of the 10th century C.E. by al-Biruni, who also measured this value. Jean Picard used Snell’s triangulation method to measure this quantity. Currently, this value is obtained from the reference ellipsoid method pioneered by John Hayward, but its first measurement was conducted using the height of a (*) shadow cast in a well in Alexandria and Syene by Eratosthenes. For 10 points, identify this value which is approximately 40,000 kilometers, the size of the great circle of our planet. ANSWER: circumference of the earth [accept answers like “radius of the earth” or “diameter of the earth” but prompt on “size of the earth”] 043-12-54-02107 7. A belief that one of these two countries was about to invade the other was cited by Cortes Vargas as justification for the Santa Marta Masacre. Aid from one of these countries to the other is the chief subject of the Leahy Law. William Yarbrough was dispatched from one of these countries to the "Marquetalia Republic" in the other to initiate the training program known as Plan Lazo. A treaty negotiated between these two countries called for an annual payment of 250,000 dollars in exchange for a (*) lease on a six-mile-wide strip of land, but, when that treaty was rejected by one country’s legislature, revolution came instead. For 10 points, name these two countries which signed the failed Hay-Herran Treaty, and then came to a disagreement over the creation of Panama. ANSWER: the United States of America and Colombia 019-12-54-02108 8. One of these organizations, called the Taula de Canvi, operated in Barcelona from 1401 onwards. Early organizations of this type were called giro, meaning “rotate,” and a large organization of this type was founded by the Peruzzi. A public organization of this type was established in Amsterdam in 1609. Peel’s Act of 1844 made a monopolist of one of these organizations, whose functions were elucidated by Walter Bagehot in Lombard Street. That organization had been established in 1694 to (*) fund England’s participation in the War of the League of Augsburg, and both the Medici and the Fuggers made their fortunes running organizations of this type. For 10 points, identify this type of organization which performs services like holding money and making loans. ANSWER: banks [or banking, etc.] 043-12-54-02109 NHB College 2012 Round 2 Page 2 of 11 9. This country’s capital contains a monument to Tacuabe, a Charrua Indian who survived the 1831 Salsipuedes Creek Massacre here. This country was home to the poet, Juan Zorrilla de San Martin. Independence from its neighbors was secured when the 33 orientales of Juan Antonio Lavalleja took power. Once ruled by Tabare Vazquez, its "Great War" pitted supporters of Jose (*) Fructuoso Rivera and Manuel Oribe against each other. This country’s independence movement was led by Jose Artigas, and it's home to the Blancos and Colorados. For 10 points, name this South American country with capital at Montevideo. ANSWER: Uruguay 094-12-54-02110 10. For five months in 1867 and 1868 this position was held by William Rosecrans, who was replaced with Thomas Nelson after Ulysses Grant became president. The holder of this office under Franklin Roosevelt had to overcome prejudice remaining from a military incident from his earlier service as Wilson’s Secretary of the Navy. Another holder of this office may have aided a rebellion against a sitting government during the (*) “ten tragic days;” that man was Henry Lane Wilson. This office was also held by Dwight Morrow and Josephus Daniels, who smoothed over relations when Lazaro Cardenas expropriated oil companies. For 10 points, identify this diplomatic office which involves representing Washington’s interests in a neighboring country. ANSWER: United States ambassador to Mexico 043-12-54-02111 11. Thomas Struth’s Galleria dell’Academia 1 depicts tourists looking at this painting. Its foreground draws from the State Library of Jacopo Sansovino, while a white tower can be seen to the left of the central figure. A man with a white shawl and a nosebleed holds a stained cloth, while above him two men in turbans converse. On its left, a black servant can be seen ascending a (*) staircase. Its central figure sits beneath one of three Palladian arches. This painting’s “drunken buffoons, armed Germans and dwarfs” led to its artist changing its name from The Last Supper. For 10 points, name this massive religious painting by Paolo Veronese. ANSWER: Christ in the House of Levi [or The Feast in the House of Levi] 094-12-54-02112 12. In Rabbit at Rest, Harry Angstrom has difficulty making it through this author’s book devoted to an incident on St. Eustatius. Another of this author’s works addresses socialism in the chapter “The Death of Jaures” and is set between the years 1890 and 1914. This historian wrote The First Salute and The Proud Tower and a text on the (*) Zimmermann Telegram. The life of Enguerrand VII of Coucy is chronicled in this author’s history of 14th century France, A Distant Mirror.