OSP Journal of Nuclear Science Research Article Rotating Universe and Simultaneous Existence of Red and Blue Shifted Galaxies in Dynamic Universe Model S.N.P Gupta 1Retd Assistant General Manager, Bhilai Steel Plant, India Corresponding Author: S. N.P Gupta, Retd Assistant General Manager, Bhilai Steel Plant, India. E-mail: [email protected] Received: November 08, 2019; Accepted: November 22, 2019; Published: December 30, 2019 Abstract According to Dynamic Universe Model, our Universe is a Rotating Universe. In this model, electrons rotate about nucleus; Moons rotate about planets; Planets, asteroid and comets etc., rotate about stars; stars rotate about Galaxy center; Galaxies rotate about common center of local systems; and similarly Systems rotate in Ensembles, Aggregate, Conglomerations and Galaxy Clusters and so on and so forth. Galaxies coming near are Blue shifted and going away are red shifted. There are many blue shifted Galaxies in our universe. Here in this paper we will see different simulations to make such predictions from the output pictures formed from the Dynamic Universe model. There are some old and a few new simulations where different point masses are placed in different distances in a 3D Cartesian coordinate grid; and are allowed to move on universal gravitation force (UGF) acting on each mass at that instant of time at its position. The output pictures depict the three dimensional orbit formations of point masses after some iterations. In an orbit so formed, some Galaxies are coming near (Blue shifted) and some are going away (Red shifted). In this paper the simulations predicted the existence of a large number of Blue shifted Galaxies, in an expanding universe, in 2004 itself. Over 8,300 blue shifted galaxies have been discovered extending beyond the Local Group, was confirmed by Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations in the year 2009. Thus Dynamic Universe model predictions came true. Keywords Rotating Universe; Dynamic Universe Model; Blue Shifted Galaxies; Hubble Space Telescope (HST); SITA Simulations Introduction Dynamic Universe model is a singularity free tensor According to Dynamic Universe Model, our Universe based math model. The tensors used are linear with- is a Rotating Universe. In this model, electrons rotate out using any differential or integral equations. Only about nucleus; Moons rotate about planets; Planets, one calculated output set of values exists. Data means asteroid and comets etc., rotate about stars; stars ro- properties of each point mass like its three dimension- tate about Galaxy center; Galaxies rotate about com- al coordinates, velocities, accelerations and it’s mass. mon center of local systems; and similarly Systems Newtonian two-body problem used differential equa- rotate in Ensembles, Aggregate, Conglomerations tions. Einstein’s general relativity used tensors, which and Galaxy Clusters and so on and so forth. Galax- in turn unwrap into differential equations. Dynamic ies coming near are Blue shifted and going away are Universe Model uses tensors that give simple equa- red shifted. There are many blue shifted Galaxies in tions with interdependencies. Differential equations our universe. Both exist simultaneously unlike any will not give unique solutions. Whereas Dynamic expending universe model. Universe Model gives a unique solution of positions, Volume - 1 Issue - 1 Copyright © 2019 S.N.P Gupta. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. • Page 1 of 2 • OSP J Nuc Sci Copyright © S.N.P Gupta velocities and accelerations; for each point mass in Every point mass attracts every other point mass the system for every instant of time. This new meth- by a force pointing along the line intersecting both od of Mathematics in Dynamic Universe Model is points. The force is proportional to the product of different from all earlier methods of solving general the two masses and inversely proportional to the N-body problem. square of the distance between the point masses: This universe exists now in the present state, it ex- mm FG= 12, isted earlier, and it will continue to exist in future also r2 in a similar way. All physical laws will work at any Where: time and at any place. Evidences for the three dimen- F is the magnitude of the gravitational force between sional rotations or the dynamism of the universe can the two point masses, be seen in the streaming motions of local group and local cluster. Here in this dynamic universe, both the G is the gravitational constant, red shifted and blue shifted Galaxies co-exist simul- m is the mass of the first point mass, taneously. 1 m is the mass of the second point mass, How it all Started 2 r is the distance between the two point masses. Around 1543, Copernicus first proposed the planetary paths. He pointed out that all Planets including the Newton: Two-body Problem Earth moved around the SUN in De revolutionibus In mechanics, the two body problem is a special case orbium coelestium. This was a major step forward of the n-body problem with a closed form solution. during that period. Eventually, the circular planetary This problem was first solved in 1687 by Sir Isaac paths proposed by Copernicus were soon disproved Newton [2] who showed that the orbit of one body by accurate astronomical observations [1]. about another body was either an ellipse, a parabola, The famous astronomer Tycho Brahe made accu- or a hyperbola, and that the center of the mass of the rate astronomical observations and after his death in system moved with constant velocity. If the common 1601, Kepler worked on those observations. Kepler center of mass of the two bodies is considered to be published two laws in 1609 in Astronomia Nova – at rest, each body travels along a conic section which the first law talks about the elliptical path of planets has a focus at the common center of the mass of the around the Sun, where SUN is one of the two foci of system. If the two bodies are bound together, both of the planetary path. The second law states that the line them will move in elliptical paths. If the two bodies joining the SUN and planets sweeps equal areas in are moving apart, they will move in either parabolic equal intervals of time. Kepler published a third law or hyperbolic paths. The two-body problem is the in Harmonice mundi in 1619 which states that the case that there are only two point masses (or homo- geneous spheres); If the two point masses (r , m ) squares of the periods of planets are proportional to 1 1 and (r , m ) having masses m and m and the posi- the cubes of the mean radii of their paths. The third 2 2 1 2 tion vectors r and r relative to a point with respect law was surprisingly accepted from the very first day 1 2 it appeared in the journal. to their common centre of mass, the equations of mo- tion for the two mass points are : Kepler Orbit Johannes Kepler’s laws of planetary motion around ∂U mm ∂U mm 1605, from astronomical tables detailing the move- mr =−=− G12 rˆ & mr = = G12 rˆ 11 ∂ 2 22 ∂ 2 ments of the visible planets. Kepler's First Law is: r1 r r2 r Where r = rr − is the distance between the "The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the sun 12 bodies; U (|r − r |) is the potential energy and at a focus." 1 2 The mathematics of ellipses is thus the mathematics rr12− of Kepler orbits, later expanded to include parabolas rˆ = r and hyperbolas. is the unit vector pointing from body 2 to body 1. The Sir Isaac Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation acceleration experienced by each of the particles can (1687) be written in terms of the differential equation Volume - 1 Issue - 1 Citation: S.N.P Gupta (2019) Rotating Universe and Simultaneous Existence of Red and Blue shifted Galaxies in Dynamic Universe Model. • Page 2 of 23 • OSP J Nuc Sci 1. JNS-1-105 OSP J Nuc Sci Copyright © S.N.P Gupta In this Dynamic Universe Model – Galaxies in a clus- rˆ ter are rotating and revolving. Depending on the posi- r = µ. (1) tion of observer’s position relative to the set of galax- r2 Where µ = G·M; M being the mass of the body caus- ies, some may appear to move away, and others may appear to come near. The observer may also be re- ing the acceleration (i.e m1 or the acceleration on body 2). The mathematical solution of the differen- siding in another solar system, revolving around the tial equation (1) above will be: Like for the movement center of Milky Way in a local group. He is observ- under any central force, i.e. a force aligned with rˆ ing the galaxies outside. Many times he can observe the specific relative angular momentum only the coming near or going away component of the light ray called Hubble components. The other di- Hr= ×r stays constant: rection cosines of the movement may not be possible . to measure exactly in many cases. It is an immensely Hr =×=×+× rrrr r complicated problem to untangle the two and pin = 0 + 0 = 0 point the cause of non–Hubble velocities. This ques- tion was discussed by JV. Narlikar in (1983) see the Sir Isaac Newton published the Principia in 1687. ref [3]. ’Nearby Galaxies Atlas’ published by Tully Halley played an important role in getting Principia and Fischer contains detailed maps and distribution published. Sir Isaac discussed the inverse square law of speeds of Galaxies in the relatively local region.