Metrical Psalmody in Print and Practice For my parents Metrical Psalmody in Print and Practice English ‘Singing Psalms’ and Scottish ‘Psalm Buiks’, c. 1547–1640 TIMOTHY DUGUID Texas A&M University, USA © Timothy Duguid 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Timothy Duguid has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East 110 Cherry Street Union Road Suite 3-1 Farnham Burlington, VT 05401-3818 Surrey, GU9 7PT USA England www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows: Duguid, Timothy. Metrical psalmody in print and practice : English ‘singing psalms’ and Scottish ‘psalm buiks’, c.1547–1640 / by Timothy Duguid. pages cm. – (St Andrews studies in reformation history) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4094-6892-9 (hardcover : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-4094-6893-6 (ebook) – ISBN 978-1-4094-6894-3 (epub) 1. Psalms (Music)–England–16th century–History and criticism. 2. Psalms (Music)–England–17th century–History and criticism. 3. Psalms (Music)–Scotland–16th century–History and criticism. 4. Psalms (Music)–Scotland–17th century–History and criticism. 5. Church music– Protestant churches–16th century. 6. Church music–Protestant churches–17th century. 7. Church music–England–16th century. 8. Church music–England–17th century. 9. Church music–Scotland–16th century. 10. Church music–Scotland– 17th century. I. Title. ML3131.2.D84 2014 782.2’94094109031–dc23 2013051050 ISBN 9781409468929 (hbk) ISBN 9781409468936 (ebk – PDF) ISBN 9781409468943 (ebk – ePUB) Bach musicological font developed by © Yo Tomita IV Contents List of Figures and Tables vii List of Music Examples ix Conventions and Abbreviations xi Acknowledgements xiii Introduction 1 1 Metrical Psalters in Exile 13 2 Completing Sternhold’s Work 49 3 Completing the Exilic Psalters 77 4 Evolution of the English ‘Singing Psalms’ 105 5 Between Uniformity and Instability in Scottish ‘Psalm Buiks’ 141 6 Anglo-Scottish Interactions in Print 165 7 English Metrical Psalmody in Practice 181 8 Scottish Metrical Psalmody in Practice 201 Summary and Extension 229 Appendix A 235 Appendix B 263 Select Bibliography 269 Index to Biblical References 293 General Index 297 THIS PAGE HAS BEEN LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY List of Figures and Tables Figure 4.1 Count of tunes printed in the Whole booke, 1562–1600 115 Tables 1.1 Revised texts of Psalm 7 31 1.2 Revised texts of Psalm 49 32 1.3 Tune suggestions in the Forme of prayers (1558) 38 1.4 New tune suggestions in the Forme of prayers (1560–1561) 46 2.1 Versifiers used in Day’s Whole booke project 55 2.2 Tune comparison between the 1558 Forme of prayers and the 1562 Whole booke 56 2.3 Printing the Actes and Monuments, Whole booke, and Residue 59 2.4 Metres of psalm versifications in the Whole booke (1562) 64 2.5 Tunes in the Whole booke (1562) vs. the Forme of prayers (1560–1561) 66 3.1 Authorial distribution of psalm versifications in the Whole booke (1562) and Forme of prayers (1564) 88 3.2 Tune origins for Craig’s psalm settings 100 4.1 Tunes printed in East’s 1592 psalter 122 4.2 Disappearing proper tunes in the Whole booke 127 4.3 Tunes paired with Psalms 6 and 117, 1600–1640 138 5.1 Tune variations in the Scottish psalters up to 1596 145 6.1 Musical content from Schilders’ 1599 English psalter 169 6.2 Common Tunes in Scottish Psalters 176 8.1 Editions of the Scottish metrical psalms printed without tunes 213 THIS PAGE HAS BEEN LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY List of Music Examples 1.1 Tune from Psalm 15, 1558 Forme of prayers [STC 16561a] 28 1.2 Tune from Psalm 129, 1558 Forme of prayers [STC 16561a] 28 1.3 Psalm 7:2, 5, and 15, 1556 Forme of prayers [STC 16561] 31 1.4 Psalm 49:5, 12, and 15, 1556 Forme of prayers [STC 16561] 32 1.5 Psalm 124, 1558 Forme of prayers [STC 16561a] 36 1.6 Psalm 49, 1558 Forme of prayers [STC 16561a] 43 1.7 Portion of Psalm 2:1, 1556 Forme of prayers [STC 16561] 43 1.8 Portions of Psalm 2:1, 1558 Forme of prayers [STC 16561a] 44 2.1 Psalm 72:1, 1562 Whole booke [STC 2430] 67 2.2 Psalm 135:1–2, 1562 Whole booke [STC 2430] 69 2.3 Psalm 78:1–3, 1561 Foure score [STC 2428] 71 2.4 Psalm 78:1–3, 1562 Whole booke [STC 2430] 71 2.5 Psalm 1:1–2, 1558 Forme of prayers [STC 16561a] 72 2.6 Psalm 1:1–2, 1562 Whole booke [STC 2430] 72 3.1 Psalm 80, 1564 Forme of prayers [STC 16577] 94 3.2 Excerpt from Psalm 57, 1564 Forme of prayers [STC 16577] 96 3.3 Psalm 102:1, Forme of prayers (1564) 101 3.4 Phrase 3 of Psalm 56, Forme of prayers (1564) 102 4.1 Tune from Psalm 77, 1562 Whole booke [STC 2430] 108 4.2 Tune from Psalm 77, 1565 Whole booke [STC 2434] 108 4.3 Tune from Psalm 77, 1577 Whole booke [STC 2448] 109 4.4 Tune from Psalm 30, 1562 Whole booke [STC 2430] 113 4.5 Tune from Psalm 30, 1598 Whole booke [STC 2493] 113 4.6 Tune from Psalm 30, 1600 Whole booke [STC 2500.5] 114 4.7 Third line from Psalm 137, 1604 Whole booke [STC 2513] 129 4.8 Third line from Psalm 137, 1620 Whole booke [STC 2570.5] 129 4.9 Tune from Psalm 30, 1604 Whole booke [STC 2513] 130 4.10 Tune from Psalm 30, 1610 Whole booke [STC 2536] 130 4.11 Tune from Psalm 119, 1604 Whole booke [STC 2513] 133 4.12 Tenor of Psalm 119, Ravenscroft’s 1621 Psalter [STC 2575] 133 4.13 Tune from Psalm 69, 1604 Whole booke [STC 2513] 134 4.14 Tenor of Psalm 69, Ravenscroft’s 1621 Whole booke [STC 2575] 135 x METRICAL PSALMODY IN PRINT AND PRACTICE 4.15 Psalm 126, 1604 Whole booke [STC 2513] 135 4.16 Tenor of Psalm 126, Ravenscroft’s 1621 Whole booke [STC 2575] 136 5.1 Tune from Psalm 51, 1564 Forme of prayers [STC 16577] 157 5.2 Tune from Psalm 51, 1614 CL Psalmes [STC 2705] 157 5.3 Tune from Psalm 51, 1625 CL Psalmes [STC 16594.5] 158 5.4 Tune from Psalm 69, 1635 Psalmes of David [STC 16599] 161 Conventions and Abbreviations Original spelling and punctuation have been retained in quotations and music examples, with unfamiliar words explained in square brackets. Unless otherwise specified, Biblical quotations as well as psalm and verse numbers come from the Geneva Bible. Since Bible verses and stanzas did not always align in metrical psalm settings, ‘verse’ refers to the Bible reference (often indicated in metrical psalters) and ‘stanza’ refers to the unit(s) of poetry that occupies a strophe. Abbreviations APGA The Acts and Proceedings of the General Assemblies of the Church of Scotland 1560 to 1618, ed. Duncan Shaw (Edinburgh: Scottish Record Society, 2004). D. Appended to a metre (i.e. 8.6.6.D.); this means the preceding was repeated (i.e. 8.6.6. 8.6.6.). Frost Maurice Frost, English & Scottish Psalm & Hymn Tunes c. 1543–1677 (London: Oxford University Press, 1953). GPSS Robin Leaver, ‘Goostly psalmes and spirituall songes’ English and Dutch Metrical Psalms from Coverdale to Utenhove 1535–1566 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987). HTI Nicholas Temperley, Hymn Tune Index (4 vols, Oxford and New York: Clarendon Press, 1998); also available online at Nicholas Temperley, Hymn Tune Index, http://hymntune. library.uiuc.edu/. JAMS Journal of the American Musicological Society. MEPC Nicholas Temperley, Music of the English Parish Church (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), Vol. 1. ODNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), http://www.oxforddnb.com. OMO Oxford Music Online (Oxford: Oxford University Press), http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com. RR Beth Quitslund, Reformation in Rhyme: Sternhold, Hopkins, and the English metrical psalter, 1547–1603 (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2008). STC A.W. Pollard, G.R. Redgrave and K.F. Pantzer, eds, A Short- title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland, and Ireland and of Books Printed Abroad, 1475–1640 (2nd edn, rev., London: Bibliographical Society, 1990). xii MEtRicAL PSALMODy in PRint AnD PRActicE Manuscript Sigla Unless otherwise noted, all manuscript sigla follow the Répertoire international des sources musicales (RiLM), indicating the country and library. GB-En national Library of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK GB-Eu University of Edinburgh Library, Edinburgh, UK GB-Gu Glasgow University Library, Glasgow, UK GB-Lbl the British Library, London, UK IRL-Dtc trinity college Library, Dublin, ireland US-SM Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, San Marino, cA, USA US-Wgu Georgetown University Library, Washington, D.c., USA Acknowledgements Among the people, Lord, I shal giue praises vnto thee: And eke amidst the nations all, to thee my song shalbe Psalm 108:3 (1564 Forme of prayers) This book originated as my doctoral thesis at the University of Edinburgh, and I am grateful to a number of individuals and institutions for their generous support and encouragement. As the joint supervisors of my thesis, I am particularly indebted to Dr Noel O’Regan and Professor Jane Dawson.