COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND LAND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN UGANDA A CASE STUDY OF BUSOLWE SUB-COUNTY, BUTALEJA DISTRICT BY ABEDI MUSUSWA 1153-06044-01539 A RESEARCI-I DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF FIIJMUN1TIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE AWARD OF A DEGREE ~N DEVELOPMENT STUDIES OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OCTOBER, 2018 DECLARATION I, Abedi Mususwa declare that this research dissertation on “Community participation and land conflict management in Uganda: A case study of Busoiwe Sub-County, Butaleja District” is my original work and to the best of my knowledge. has not been submitted for any award at any academic institution. Student’s Name: Abedi Mususwa Reg. No: 1153-06044-01539 Signed i~..... Date: ..)~ 1.~ ~ APPROVAL This research dissertation on “Community participation and land conflict management in Uganda: A case study of Busolwe Sub-County, Butaleja District” has been done under my guidance and Supervision as an academic Supervisor and is due for submission to Kampala International University in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Bachelor’s Degree in Development Studies. Signature ~ Date ~ Supervisor: Ms. Barongo Eleanor DEDICATION I dedicate this piece of work to the Almighty Allah who has enabled me to carry out research successfully and my dear dad Hibita Shafik and my lovely mum Nakate N4asitulah for their endless support both financially and morally without forgetting my dear siblings and lastly my dear girlfriend Namulema Shamirah. May the Almighty Allah bless you all. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly am greatly indebted to the Almighty Allah for enabling me complete my academic career. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Madam Barongo Eleanor for the patience, guidance to ensure that this work is perfect. Thank you very much if it wasn’t for you I don’t think I would have achieved this. I would like to acknowledge my family members and friends. I would like to convey my sincere thanks to the top authorities of Busolwe Sub-County as well and all the other respondents who participated in the interviews and those that helped in filling the questionnaires. My sincere thanks go to my lecturers who have transformed me into a better and knowledgeable person through the three years of academic struggle at Kampala International University. I would like also to thank my friends especially Ecidu Emmanuel, Tayebwa Bruno and Haluga Ali and the rest of my family. May the Almighty Allah Bless you all V TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION H APPROVAL DEDICATION iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS •. LIST OF TABLES ix ABSTRACT CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1 .0 introduction 1 1 .1 Background of the Study 1.2 Problem Statement 2 1 .3 Objectives of Study 3 1.3.0 General Objective 1.3.1 Specific Objectives 3 1 .4 Research questions 4 1.5 Scope of Study 1.5.1 Content scope 4 1 .5.2 Geographical Scope 4 1.5.3 Time scope 4 1.5.4 Theoretical scope 4 1.6 Significance of the study 5 1 .7. Conceptual Framework showing community participation and Land Conflict management . .6 CHAPTER TWO 7 LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Indicators of cornrriunity participation in Busolwe Sub-County, Butaleja District 7 2.2 Forms of land conflict management in Busoiwe Sub-County, Butaleja l)istrict 9 vi 2.3 Effect of community participation on land conflict management in Busoiwe Sub-County, Butaleja District 10 CHAPTER THREE 13 METHODOLOGY 13 3.0 Introduction 13 3.1 Research design 13 3.2 Study population 13 3.3 Sample size using sloven’s formula 1 3 3.4 Sampling methods 14 3.4.1 Purposive sampling 14 3.4.2 Simple Random sampling 15 3.5 Data Sources 15 3.6 Data collection instruments 15 3.6.1 Questionnaire 15 3.6.2 Interviews 16 3.7 Data analysis 16 3.8 Data Processing 17 3.9 Ethical Consideration 17 CHAPTER FOUR 18 PRESENTATIONS, INTEPRETATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 18 4.0 Introduction 18 4.1 Demographic characteristics of respondents 1 8 4.2 Descriptions of Responses to Items of the Questionnaire 20 4.2.1 Indicators of community participation in Busoiwe Sub—County, Butaleju District 20 4.2.2 The forms of land conflict management in Busolwe Sub-County, Butaleja District 23 4.2.3 Effect of community participation on land conflict management in Busoiwe Sub-County, Butaleja District 26 CHAPTER FIVE 31 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 31 5.0 Introduction 31 5.1 Discussion of findings 3 1 VII 5.1 . 1 Demographic characteristics of respondents .3 1 5.1.2 Indicators of community participation in Busoiwe Sub-County, Butaleja District 32 5.1.3 The forms of land conflict management in Busoiwe Sub-County, Butaleja District 33 5.1.4 Effect of community participation on land conflict management in Busoiwe Sub-County. Butaleja District 34 5.2 Conclusions 35 5.2.1 Indicators of community participation in Busoiwe Sub-County, Butaleja District 35 5.2.2 Forms of land conflict management in Busoiwe Sub-County, Butaleja District 35 5.2.3 Effect of community participation on land conflict management in Busoiwe Sub-County. Butaleja District 36 5.3 Recommendations 5.4 Areas of further research 37 REFERENCES 38 APPENDICES 42 APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE 42 APPENDIX II: INTERVIEW GUIDE 45 VIII LIST OF TABLES Table 3. 1: Target population and Sample size 14 Table 4. 1: Gender of respondents 1 8 Table 4. 2: Education of the respondents 19 Table 4. 3: Age of the respondents 19 Table 4. 4: Through participation ordinary people are given opportunity to have a say in how their land conflict can be solved 20 Table 4. 5: The local people have been innovative enough mobilize to solve most land conflicts in their community 2 1 Table 4. 6: The local people usually set agenda to perform land conflict management activities within the community 2 1 Table 4. 7: Most community members are obedient to the authorities of land conflict management committee within their community 22 Table 4. 8: Community dialogues and meetings play a vital role in solving land conflicts within the community 22 Table 4. 9: Moderation involves different stakeholders or parties coming together to clarify and settle minor differences, the parties still being able to solve the land conflicts by themselves 23 Table 4. 1 0: Conciliation concerns helping the conflicting parties to negotiate with the objective of reducing prejudices and hostility in the community 24 Table 4. 11: Mediation in land conflict requires that the conflicting parties are willing to face each other and to find a compromise 24 Table 4. 12: Arbitration is used (only) at higher stages of conflict escalation when land con Ii jet parties no longer talk to each other 25 Table 4. 13: Forcible intervention is required in land conflict management when escalation is at its peak 26 Table 4. 14: Incorporation of local people in land conflict management is an important principle on matters of the community 27 Table 4. 15 The government usually asks for local opinions and decides on the course of action appropriately in land conflict management process 27 Table 4. 16: Public talks and consultation of the government with in the local people yield positivity on matters of solving land conflict 28 ix Table 4. ~7: Most people feel isolated since some government officials connive with community leaders and grab their land 29 Table 4. 18: The government needs to review its land laws in order to grant the community members a fair hearing 29 x ABSTRACT The study sought to examine community participation and land conflict management in Uganda: A case study of Busoiwe Sub-County, Butaleja District. The study objectives were: to identify the indicators of comniunity participation in Busoiwe Sub-County, Butalej a District, to establish forms of land conflict management in Busoiwe Sub-County, Butaleja District and to examine the effect of community participation on land conflict management in Busolwe Sub-County. Butaleja District. The study followed a cross sectional research design. The qualitative and quantithtive approaches were employed based the study topic. The quantitative technique was used to collect and analyze data on the community participation and land conflict management. The qualitative approach was used to community participation and land conflict management. This design was used because it brought out clearly the relationship between community participation and land conflict management. The target population of 240 was selected and it comprised of (6) resident district commissioners. (25) police officers. (94) local I~easants and (25) community leaders. The rational was that all the above respondents were stake holders. The sample size of the study consists of 150 respondents of~he target population. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources using questionnaires and interviews. A tIer collecting data, the researcher organized well-answered questionnaire, data was edited and sorted for the next stage. The data was presented in tabular form, pie charts and bar graphs with frequencies and percentages. The study findings revealed that 72% of the respondents were the majority who were male and the remaining 28% of the respondents were female. This implies that most of the respondents were men due to societal beliefs that men are majorly the owners of land and thus usually engaged in land conflict management with other community members. The study concludes that through participation ordinary people are given opportunity to have a say in how their environment should be planned and developed in future. and that people are able to influence the final outcome of planned action. The study recommends that there is need for enforcement of by law by the local council to safe guard the land of the community.