American Art 1800s What shaped art in the new nation? The revolution was over; the Constitution was ratified New settlers had confidence in their own free will Common sense was needed and know-how to improvise Pioneers had to be practical There was the ever-protective presence of a forbearing God. Art reflected this trend toward realism. Many artists were self-taught; they could not afford the costly travel to Europe to study with the masters Nature in the new world was rich, pure and imposing The wilderness had majestic grandeur, enormous forests, high mountain ranges, and immense plains The light was clear and dazzling There were vivid colors and sharp contrasts Romanticism evolves Seeing nature as a reflection of all things divine Landscapes become a manifestation of God’s greatness Also Still Life portrays simplicity and serenity Trompe l’oeil Portraiture - pays There was much patriotism and nationalism in the new country John Singleton Copley Boy with a Squirrel Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Mifflin Watson and the Shark 1778 Charles Wilson Peale Staircase Group 1795 The Artist in his Museum The Peale family Gilbert Stuart George Washington Dollar bill John TrumBull The Declaration of Independence Thomas Sully The Torn Hat Human figures become small compared to the grandness of the surrounding landscape. Moonlight or sunlight could add a touch of mystery and fantasy Hudson River Valley Paintings Thomas Cole Scene from the Last of the Mohicans The Falls of Katerskill 1826 Asher Brown DuranD Luminism light subtle tones The Beeches Kindred Spirits 1849 Frederick Church Heart of the Andes Thomas Moran Grand Canyon of the Colorado River 1892 and 1902 Fitz Hugh Lane Martin Johnson HeaDe Jasper Cropsey Albert Bierstadt The Lander’s Peak Oregon Trail Donner Lake John VanDerlyn Washington Allston Landscape with a Lake Edward Hicks Noah’s Ark 1846 John James AuDuBon documentary realism Farmyard Fowl Bald Eagle As the west is conquered, tree felling and large-scale mining exploitation damage the landscape Many became rich so they could purchase paintings of the landscapes they had destroyed. Such as, the old rural way of life for a trapper, cowboys, explorers, and the west… Ecological problems recognized? Trend towards more natural landscapes George Inness Passing Clouds William Trost RicharDs Lake Squam from Red Hill Indian Summer Scenes of every day life were used to glorify the nation a reflection of the new democracy Sydney Mount George Caleb Bingham Landscape with Waterwheel and a Boy Fishing The Jolly Flatboatman in Port Eastman Johnson Thomas Waterman Wood Images of Native Americans and African Americans Charles Bird King Notchimine George Caitlin Buffalo Bulls Fighting in Running Season Seth Eastman Indian Sugar Camp Before and after the Civil War, there was a change to more powerful realism Winslow Homer (French Manet and Monet influence) The Sharpshooter on Pickett Duty A Huntsman and Dogs 1891 The Blue Boat Thomas EaKins more scientific naturalist, a perfect mirror of reality The Concert Singer 1890-92 The Biglin Brothers Racing The Surgical Clinic of Professor Gross 1875 Trompe d’oeil William Michele Harnett After the Hunt 1885 John FreDericK Peto Reminiscenses of 1865 Sailing 1875 William Rush carving his Allegorical figure of the Schuylkill 1876-77 Henry Ossawa Tanner Portrait of the Artist’s Mother 1897 Impressionism William Merritt Chase Mary Cassatt The Child’s Bat Children Playing on the Beach 1884 A Woman and a Girl Driving 1881 Frontier Art Frederick Remington The fall of the Cowboy 1895 The Stampede Charles Russell The Gilded Golden Age before the turn of the century Industrial machinery, large fortunes growing James McNeil Whistler Aesthetic Movement At the Piano Purple and Rose:1864 John Singer Sargent Portrait of Madame X 1882 – 84 George Inness The Lackawanna Valley 1855 Choose 3 paintings from the list: a portrait, a landscape (Hudson River), and a more natural landscape or impressionist painting. In your Sketchbook, sketch 3 paintings and annotate with a brief description of the author’s style and influence. Reflect on what you see in the painting as well? What do you see and think about? .