DICTATOR DEMISE STUDY FULL DATA SET Copyright © 2019 — American Foreign Policy Council (AZINHEIRA STUDY REFERENCED IN HERMAN PIRCHNER'S POST PUTIN) DIED FORCEFULLY AGE DIED (IE. WHEN PERIOD OF LENGTH OF RULE IF PUSHED OUT, COUNTRY POPULATION DICTATOR LIFESPAN TYPE OF DEMISE CAUSE OF DEMISE WHILE IN ASSASSINATION, PUSHED OUT? NOTES POPULATION SOURCES BIOGRAPHY SOURCE #1 BIOGRAPHY SOURCE #2 LOST RULE (YEARS) WHEN? OFFICE? EXECUTION, POWER PRISON) https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. Died of a rare blood disease. Rumors about his being assassinated or Algeria 41,657,488 Houari Boumediene 1927-1978 Died of Natural Causes Medical condition 46 Yes No 1965-1978 13 No NA gov/library/publications/the-world- com/biography/Houari- poisoned have surfaced occasionally in Algerian politics. factbook/geos/ag.html Boumedienne in 1991 the military intervened to stop elections from bringing the https://www.cia. https://www.theguardian. Forced Retirement / Not https://www.britannica. Algeria 41,657,488 Chadli Bendjedid 1929-2012 Military Coup 63 No No 1979-1992 13 Yes Military Islamist Front Islamique du Salut (FIS) to power, forcing Bendjedid out gov/library/publications/the-world- com/world/2012/oct/15/chadli Killed com/biography/Chadli-Bendjedid of office and sparking a long and bloody Algerian Civil War factbook/geos/ag.html -bendjedid https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. https://www.bbc. Forced Retirement / Not May 2019- No longer in office, popular uprising and military forced Algeria 41,657,488 Abdelaziz Bouteflika 1937-Present Protests, Resigned 82 No No 1999-2019 20 Yes Military, populace gov/library/publications/the-world- com/biography/Abdelaziz- com/news/world-africa- Killed resignation in April factbook/geos/ag.html Bouteflika 47795108 https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. https://www.poetryfoundation. Angola 30,355,880 Agostinho Neto 1922-1979 Died of Natural Causes Medical condition 57 Yes No 1975-1979 4 No NA Pancreatic Cancer gov/library/publications/the-world- com/biography/Agostinho-Neto org/poets/agostinho-neto factbook/geos/ao.html https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. Angola 30,355,880 Jose Eduardo dos Santos 1942-Present Voluntary Retirement Retirement 75 No No 1979-2017 38 No N/A gov/library/publications/the-world- com/biography/Jose-dos-Santos factbook/geos/ao.html https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. Forced Retirement / Not Military junta, Popular Argentina 44,694,198 Juan Carlos Onganía 1914-1995 56 No No 1966-1970 4 Yes Military gov/library/publications/the-world- com/biography/Juan-Carlos- Killed uprising factbook/geos/ar.html Ongania https://www.encyclopedia. https://www.britannica. https://www.cia. com/humanities/encyclopedias- com/place/Argentina/The- Pedro Eugenio Kidnapped and executed in mock trial by leftist urban guerilla group Argentina 44,694,198 1903-1970 Killed in Office Assassination 67 Yes Yes 1955-1958 3 Yes Extremist group gov/library/publications/the-world- almanacs-transcripts-and- conservative-restoration-and- Aramburu Montoneros factbook/geos/ar.html maps/aramburu-pedro-eugenio- the-Concordancia-1930- 1905-1970 43#ref407924 Actively anti-Peronist, Lanusse led a coup to place himself in power https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. Alejandro Agustin Forced Retirement / Not Argentina 44,694,198 1918-1996 General elections, Resigned 54 No No 1971-1973 2 Yes/No Public/Peronists among Peronist and student protests. Attempted to call for stability by gov/library/publications/the-world- com/biography/Alejandro- Lanusse Killed organizing elections, which he lost. factbook/geos/ar.html Agustin-Lanusse https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. https://trialinternational. Forced Retirement / Not March 1981- Argentina 44,694,198 Roberto Eduardo Viola 1924-1994 Military coup 57 No No 0.75 Yes Military gov/library/publications/the-world- com/place/Argentina/Galtieri- org/latest-post/roberto- Killed December 1981 factbook/geos/ar.html and-the-Falklands-War#ref407943 eduardo-viola/ https://www.nytimes. https://www.britannica. https://www.cia. Organized elections after continued demonstrations by public led to the com/2018/03/09/obituaries/reyna com/place/Argentina/Galtieri- Argentina 44,694,198 Reynaldo Bignone 1928-2018 Voluntary Retirement General elections, Resigned 55 No Yes 1982-1983 1 Yes/No Protests gov/library/publications/the-world- death of a protester. ldo-bignone-argentinas-last- and-the-Falklands- factbook/geos/ar.html military-dictator-dies-at-90.html War#ref407950 https://www.cia. Forced Retirement / Not Argentine https://www.britannica. Argentina 44,694,198 Leopoldo Galtieri 1926-2003 Removed from office 56 No No 1981-1982 1 Yes gov/library/publications/the-world- Killed government com/biography/Leopoldo-Galtieri factbook/geos/ar.html https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. Argentina 44,694,198 Jorge Rafael Videla 1925-2013 Voluntary Retirement Retirement 55 No Yes 1976-1981 5 No N/A gov/library/publications/the-world- com/biography/Jorge-Rafael- factbook/geos/ar.html Videla https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. Bangladesh 159,453,001 Ziaur Rahman 1936-1981 Killed in Office Assassination 45 Yes Yes 1977-1981 4 Yes Military gov/library/publications/the-world- com/biography/Ziaur-Rahman factbook/geos/bg.html https://library.brown. https://www.cia. Emilio Garrastazu Brazilian electoral college was created in 1973. In 1974, Ernesto Geisel https://www.britannica. edu/create/fivecenturiesofchan Brazil 208,846,892 1905-1985 Voluntary Retirement General Election, Resigned 73 No No 1969-1974 5 No N/A gov/library/publications/the-world- Medici was elected president. com/biography/Ziaur-Rahman ge/chapters/chapter- factbook/geos/br.html 7/military-rule/medici/ https://library.brown. https://www.britannica. https://www.cia. Suffered from cerebral thrombosis and removed from duties. Died in edu/create/fivecenturiesofchange/ com/place/Brazil/Military- Brazil 208,846,892 Artur da Costa e Silva 1899-1969 Died of Natural Causes Medical condition 69 Yes No 1967-1969 2 No N/A gov/library/publications/the-world- December of 1969. chapters/chapter-7/military- intervention-and- factbook/geos/br.html rule/costa-e-silva/ dictatorship#ref951793 https://www.cia. Forced Retirement / Not Was later popularly elected in 1951, committed suicide 1954 to avoid https://www.britannica. Brazil 208,846,892 Getúlio Vargas 1882-1954 Coup 63 No No 1930-1945 15 Yes Military gov/library/publications/the-world- Killed forced retirement com/biography/Getulio-Vargas factbook/geos/br.html https://library.brown. https://www.britannica. https://www.cia. Humberto de Alencar Handed powers over to Costa e Silva. Died in an aircraft collision four edu/create/fivecenturiesofchange/ com/place/Brazil/Military- Brazil 208,846,892 1900-1967 Voluntary Retirement Retirement 69 No No 1964-1967 3 No N/A gov/library/publications/the-world- Castelo Branco months later. chapters/chapter-7/military- intervention-and- factbook/geos/br.html rule/castelo-branco/ dictatorship#ref951788 Politcal https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. Burkina Faso 19,742,715 Thomas Sankara 1949-1987 Killed in Office Assassination 37 Yes Yes 1983-1987 4 Yes opponents/Militar Assassinated by troops led by Blaise Compaore gov/library/publications/the-world- com/biography/Thomas-Sankara y factbook/geos/uv.html https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. Forced Retirement / Not Burundi 11,844,520 Jean-Baptiste Bagaza 1946-2016 Coup 41 No No 1976-1987 11 Yes Military gov/library/publications/the-world- com/biography/Jean-Baptiste- Killed factbook/geos/by.html Bagaza https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. Cambodia 16,449,519 Hun Sen 1952-Present Still in Power N/A N/A No No 1984-present 35 No N/A gov/library/publications/the-world- com/biography/Hun-Sen factbook/geos/cb.html https://www.cia. Forced Retirement / Not https://www.britannica. Cambodia 16,449,519 Pol Pot 1925-1998 Foreign invasion 56 No Yes 1963-1981 18 Yes Vietnam military gov/library/publications/the-world- Killed com/biography/Pol-Pot factbook/geos/cb.html https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. https://www.bbc. Cameroon 25,640,965 Paul Biya 1933-Current Still in Power N/A N/A No No 1982-present 36 No N/A gov/library/publications/the-world- com/place/Cameroon/Cameroon- com/news/world-africa- factbook/geos/cm.html under-Biya#ref517079 43469758 https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. https://www.bbc. Chad 15,833,116 Francois Tombalbaye 1918-1975 Killed in Office Coup, Assassination 56 Yes Yes 1960-1975 15 Yes Military gov/library/publications/the-world- com/place/Chad/Independence com/news/world-africa-13164690 factbook/geos/cd.html #ref516680 https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. Forced Retirement / Not Chad 15,833,116 Hissene Habre 1942-Present Coup 48 No Yes 1982-1990 8 Yes Political opponents gov/library/publications/the-world- com/place/Chad/Independence#re Killed factbook/geos/cd.html f836920 DICTATOR DEMISE STUDY FULL DATA SET Copyright © 2019 — American Foreign Policy Council (AZINHEIRA STUDY REFERENCED IN HERMAN PIRCHNER'S POST PUTIN) DIED FORCEFULLY AGE DIED (IE. WHEN PERIOD OF LENGTH OF RULE IF PUSHED OUT, COUNTRY POPULATION DICTATOR LIFESPAN TYPE OF DEMISE CAUSE OF DEMISE WHILE IN ASSASSINATION, PUSHED OUT? NOTES POPULATION SOURCES BIOGRAPHY SOURCE #1 BIOGRAPHY SOURCE #2 LOST RULE (YEARS) WHEN? OFFICE? EXECUTION, POWER PRISON) https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. Chad 15,833,116 Idriss Deby 1952-Present Still in Power N/A N/A No No 1990-present 28 No N/A gov/library/publications/the-world- com/place/Chad/Independence#re factbook/geos/cd.html f836921 https://www.cia. Forced Retirement / Not https://www.britannica. Chile 17,925,262 Augusto Pinochet 1915-2006 General elections, Resigned 75 No No 1973-1990 17 Yes Chilean people gov/library/publications/the-world- Killed com/biography/Augusto-Pinochet factbook/geos/ci.html https://www.cia. https://www.britannica. China 1,384,688,986 Xi Jinping 1953-Present Still in Power N/A N/A No No 2012-present 8 No N/A gov/library/publications/the-world- com/biography/Xi-Jinping factbook/geos/ch.html https://www.cia.