Extractive Industry, Policy Innovations and Civil Society Movement in Southeast Asia An Introduction Editors: Amalinda Savirani Hasrul Hanif Poppy S. Winanti Extractive Industry, Policy Innovations and Civil Society Movement in Southeast Asia: An Introduction. Copyright PolGov Publishing, 2017 All rights reserved Editors: Amalinda Savirani, Hasrul Hanif, and Poppy S. Winanti Proofread: Christopher Allen Woodrich Cover Design: Yudhistira Wardhana Layout: M. Baihaqi Lathif Line Editing: Indah Surya Wardhani, Mahesti Hasanah, and Muhammad Djindan 1st Edition Printing, February 2017 PolGov Publishing is specialized for politics and government issues and managed by Research Center for Politics and Government [PolGov]. Research Centre for Politics and Government (PolGov) is research and publication institution under Department of Politics and Government [JPP] Faculty of Social and Political Science UGM. At present PolGov focus on 4 key themes as mentioned in JPP curriculum, which are: 1) local politics and regional autonomy 2) political parties, elections, and parliament, 3) human rights and democracy, 4) governance reform and development of integrity system. BA Building, 4th Floor, Fisipol UGM Sosio Yustisia Street, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 http://jpp.fisipol.ugm.ac.id http://polgov.id Ph./Fax: (0274) 552212 Email: [email protected] Catalogue Record is available from Indonesian National Library. Extractive Industry, Policy Innovations and Civil Society Movement in Southeast Asia: An Introduction Amalinda Savirani, Hasrul Hanif, and Poppy S. Winanti (eds.) 1 ed — Yogyakarta:PolGov Publishing, February 2017 xvi + 172 pages. 14,5 x 21 cm ISBN: 1. Social/Politic I. Title Table of Contents Table of Contens ........................................................................................... iii List of Figures ................................................................................................ vii List of Tables .................................................................................................. ix Preface ............................................................................................................... xi Bringing the Political Side of Extractive Industry to the Forefront .............................................. xv Extractive Industry, Policy Innovations, and Civil Society Movement in Southeast Asia: An Introduction ................................ 1 • New precedence and new values ................................................. 6 • Shift of orientation among donor agencies ...................... 7 • The wave of democratization ............................................... 9 • Consolidation of global actors on extractive industry sector .................................................. 11 • About this book .................................................................................... 14 • Reference ............................................................................................... 19 PART 1 .............................................................................................................. 21 The Citizen Law Suit in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia ...................................................................... 23 Extractive Industry, Policy Innovations and Civil Society Movement in Southeast Asia: An Introduction - iii • Samarinda City and the Problem of Uncontrolled Mineral Exploration .......................................... 24 • Citizens’ Movement, Early Phase: Class Action Lawsuit .... 26 • From Class Action to Citizen Lawsuit ......................................... 29 • Information Transparency and GSM .......................................... 31 • Focusing on Advocacy Content: Global Climate Change ... 32 • Citizen Suits: Long and Intricate Processes with Happy Endings ........................................................................... 34 • Lessons Learnt ..................................................................................... 37 • References .............................................................................................. 39 Serving Cambodia’s Expectations for Transparent and Accountable Oil and Gas Industries ............................................. 41 • Introduction .......................................................................................... 41 • Oil and Gas Blocks in Cambodia: Introduction to the Industries ....................................................... 43 • CNPA as a State Regulatory Body and Executive Extension Occupying the EI Industries ....... 48 • The Possibilities of Enhanced Access to Information ......... 50 • Ensuring Transparency and Public Participation in the Cambodian Oil and Gas Industries .................................. 53 • Conclusion .............................................................................................. 58 • References .............................................................................................. 62 Mandatory Disclosure in EITI Indonesia: Challenging the Dodd–Frank Act ........................................................... 65 • Background: Big Steps toward Transparency ........................ 65 • EITI Implementation in Indonesia: Project-Level Reporting .................................................................. 67 • Dodd–Frank Act: A Setback for Transparency ...................... 73 • Project-Level Reporting: Beyond Transparency ................... 77 iv - Extractive Industry, Policy Innovations and Civil Society Movement in Southeast Asia: An Introduction • Lesson Learned from Indonesia: How to Make It Work..... 85 • References .............................................................................................. 88 Trans-National Civic Engagement and Campaign for EITI in Southeast Asian Countries: Opportunities and Challenges .. 91 • Abstract ................................................................................................... 91 • Introduction .......................................................................................... 92 • CSOs in Southeast Asian Countries .............................................. 93 • Emergence and Spread of EITI Discourse in SEA .................. 96 • Advocacy, Knowledge Exchange, and Learning Among CSOs in SEA................................................ 102 • Impacts of Transnational Civic-engagement: Policy Community ....................................................................... 102 • The Nodal Point: EITI ............................................................... 105 • Transnational Civic Engagement as Channel for Multiple Track Diplomacy: Underdeveloped Potential ....................................................... 108 • Conclusions ............................................................................................ 113 • References .............................................................................................. 116 Part 2 ................................................................................................................. 119 Earmarking and Mineral Rents in Post-Conflict Aceh................... 121 • Veranda of Conflict as Resource Curse? .................................... 122 • Asymmetrical Decentralisation as a Way to Overcome the Curse? ................................................ 126 • Features of Acehnese Special Autonomy ........................... 127 • Asymmetrical Arrangement of Revenue Sharing Funds ....................................................... 130 • Earmarking of Mineral Rents for Education and Development ................................................... 132 • The Formula and Mechanisms of Earmarking ............... 133 Extractive Industry, Policy Innovations and Civil Society Movement in Southeast Asia: An Introduction - v • Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation of Earmarking ............................................ 138 • References .............................................................................................. 139 Mainstreaming Extractive Industries Framework in Regional Bodies ........................................................................................ 141 • Why ASEAN Should Develop a Framework for Extractive Industry Management ......................................... 141 • A Common Problem .................................................................. 141 • Developing a Standard for ASEAN Member States: Integrating Regional and Global Agendas ........................ 145 • Advocacy for a Regional Extractive Industries Framework ............................................................................................ 146 • Toward a People-Centred ASEAN: Accommodating People’s Recommendations in ASEAN Extractive Industries Management ....................... 146 • The Promotion and Protection of Human Rights and Indigenous People .................................. 152 • The Protection of the Environment and Livelihood of Local Communities ........................................ 154 • Implementing Good Governance Practices by Enhancing Transparency and Accountability .................. 155 • Taking Up Opportunities ................................................................ 156 • Challenges and Lesson Learned in Advocating EI Framework ......................................................... 158 • References .............................................................................................. 162 Index .................................................................................................................