Experimental study on Leachate movement control and treatment using High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) Sheets Aravind TPA ( [email protected] ) Sri Krishna College of Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-3550 Pranesh K K Sri Krishna College of Technology Parameshwaran B Sri Krishna College of Technology Research Keywords: Landll, Leachate, HDPE, pH, Turbidity, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS Posted Date: April 28th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-22373/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License 1 Experimental study on Leachate movement control and treatment 2 using High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) Sheets 3 4 Aravind T P A1, Pranesh K K2 and Parameshwaran B3 5 1 Assistant Professor, Sri Krishna College of Technology, [email protected] 6 2Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Technology, [email protected] 7 3Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Technology, [email protected] 8 ABSTRACT 9 Nowadays, in India, the incidents such as fire, groundwater contamination and 10 emission of methane due to the open dumping of municipal solid wastes have become very 11 common. To overcome these issues and also to reduce the foul smell emanating from the 12 yards due to rain drenching the piles of accumulated wastes, sanitary landfills with proper 13 leachate movement control facilities and recycling of leachates should be adapted. When 14 landfill squanders (Municipal solid waste) debases and downpour washes through the solid 15 wastes, the leachate is formed. The Leachate is a dark fluid containing organic and inorganic 16 chemicals, heavy metals and pathogens. Leachate may permeate through the landfill liners 17 and subsoil, causing contamination of surface water and sub - surface waters, which results to 18 several health hazards. The synthesis of waste changes drastically over the life of the landfill 19 because of the presence of organic and inorganic substances. This paper focuses towards the 20 control of leachate movement in a sanitary landfill and partial treatment 21 of leachate using HDPE (High Density Poly Ethylene) sheets, such that the partially 22 treated leachate meets the standards prescribed for the quality of Irrigation water. In this 23 paper, the characteristics of leachate were studied by filtering it through 1, 2 and 3 layers 24 of HDPE sheets respectively. When analyzed, the characteristics of leachate such as pH, 25 Turbidity, BOD, COD, TSS and TDS shows that the leachate collected from 3 layered HDPE 26 filtration system has better quality than the other two systems and it could be used for 27 irrigation purposes as a tool to ensure sustainability by contributing towards the reduction of 28 water scarcity issue. 29 Keywords: Landfill, Leachate, HDPE, pH, Turbidity, BOD, COD, TSS and TDS. 30 1. INTRODUCTION 31 Sanitary landfill is a method of disposing the Municipal Solid wastes. These sanitary 32 landfills prevent the contact between the wastes and the environment. It contains liners to 33 delineate the trash from permeating into the ground soil causing contamination of ground 34 water. At present the survey from waste management points out that Sanitary Landfill method 35 is the effective method to be considered in the Disposal process. Sanitary landfills with 36 proper lining and leachate collection systems are based on circular economy, as it reduces the 37 scarcity of natural resources by recycling the leachates into the water cycle without 38 contaminating the groundwater. As the municipal solid wastes disposed in landfills comes in 39 mere contact with storm water or any run offs, it results in the formation of leachate. The 1 40 Leachate is a dark fluid containing both organic and inorganic chemicals, heavy metals and 41 pathogens. A clay liner used as a boundary of landfill cell acts as a hydraulic barrier for the 42 fluids to flow in and it has been determined by finding the moisture content of the clay taken 43 from the sides of the landfill cell case and around the landfill cell case used in the lining 44 system. The gases released from landfill contain 92% to 95% of carbon dioxide and methane 45 while the rest is comprised of gases like oxygen, nitrogen, ammonia, sulphides and hydrogen. 46 The basic characteristics of leachate to be studied are pH, Turbidity, Chemical oxygen 47 demand, Biological oxygen demand, Turbidity, TDS and TSS. 48 2. MATERIALS 49 The materials used for setting up the Sanitary landfill Prototype are discussed here. 50 2.1 HDPE sheets 51 High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-thickness (HDPE) is a 52 thermoplastic polymer created from the monomer ethylene. With a high solidarity to- 53 thickness proportion, HDPE is utilized in the creation of plastic containers, consumption safe 54 funnelling, geo films and plastic wood. It offers an amazing protection from most solvents 55 and also from alcohol, weaken acids, oil, oils, salts low temperature, etc., It has extremely 56 low water assimilation limit. The characteristics of HDPE sheets used are shown in Table 1. 57 2.2 Mesh 58 A mesh is an obstruction made of associated strands of metal, fibre, or other adaptable or 59 malleable materials. A mesh resembles a web or a net which has many added or woven 60 strands. The characteristics of mesh used are shown in Table 2. 61 2.3 PVC Pipe 62 PVC refers to Poly Vinyl Chloride, and it's become a common swap for metal piping. 63 It's the white plastic channel normally utilized for plumbing and collection of leachate from 64 the landfill. A PVC pipe with numerous perforations and wrapped with the mesh is supplied. 65 The characteristics of PVC pipe used are shown in Table 3. 66 2.4 Clay 67 Clay is a soil that contains an elevated level of fine particles and colloidal substance 68 and become tenacious when wet and decline as far as possible compared to various soils. The 69 dirt is utilized as a covering material in our clean landfill. 70 The moisture content of the clay used in the landfill lining is determined to be 9.5%. 71 2.5 Municipal Solid Wastes 2 72 The municipal solid wastes collected are analysed in order to determine the 73 composition and characteristics. The composition of solid wastes is found to be as shown in 74 Fig 1. 75 76 Fig 1 Composition of Solid Waste Sample 77 The characteristics of collected solid wastes to be used in landfills are as given in 78 Table 4. 79 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 80 3.1 Irrigation Water Quality 81 As per The Environmental Protection act - 1986, the water quality required for 82 Irrigation should satisfy the standards prescribed in Table 5. The partially treated leachate 83 characteristics are compared with these standards to identify the best treatment system among 84 1, 2 and 3 layered HDPE filtration of leachate from the landfills. 85 3.2 pH 86 The pH values of the leachate obtained from the landfills with 1, 2 and 3 layers of 87 HDPE sheet filtration systems shows that leachate from 2 and 3 layered filtration systems 88 meets with the standards prescribed for the quality of Irrigation water as shown in Fig 2. 8 7.22 6.61 7 6 4.82 5 pH 4 3 2 1 0 1-HDPE 2-HDPE 3-HDPE 89 3 90 Fig 2 Comparison of pH values 91 3.3 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 92 The COD values of the leachate obtained from the landfills with 1, 2 and 3 layers of 93 HDPE sheet filtration systems, shows that leachate from all the 3 filtration systems meets 94 with the standards prescribed for the quality of Irrigation water as shown in the Fig 3. 1350 1316 1300 ) ) 1250 1221 COD (mg/l COD 1200 1144 1150 1100 1050 1-HDPE 2-HDPE 3-HDPE 95 96 Fig 3 Comparison of COD values 97 3.4 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 98 The BOD values of the leachate obtained from the landfills with 1, 2 and 3 layers of 99 HDPE sheet filtration systems shows that only the leachate from 3 layered filtration systems 100 meets with the standards prescribed for the quality of Irrigation water as shown in the Fig 4. 4 1600 1341.85 1400 1200 973.15 1000 BOD (mg/l) BOD 800 600 304.16 400 200 0 1-HDPE 2-HDPE 3-HDPE 101 102 Fig 4 Comparison of BOD values 103 3.5 Turbidity 104 The turbidity values of the leachate obtained from the landfills with 1, 2 and 3 layers 105 of HDPE sheet filtration systems, shows that leachate from all the 3 filtration systems layered 106 filtration systems meets with the standards prescribed for the quality of Irrigation water as 107 shown in Fig 5. 3 2.51 2.5 2 1.8 Turbidity (NTU) Turbidity 1.5 1.27 1 0.5 0 1-HDPE 2-HDPE 3-HDPE 108 109 Fig 5 Comparison of Turbidity values 110 3.6 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 5 111 The TDS values of the leachate obtained from the landfills with 1, 2 and 3 layers of 112 HDPE sheet filtration systems, shows that leachate from 3 layered filtration systems meets 113 with the standards prescribed for the quality of Irrigation water as shown in the Fig 6. 16000 14620 14000 12000 10000 7200 8000 TDS (mg/l) (mg/l) TDS 6000 4000 2000 400 0 1-HDPE 2-HDPE 3-HDPE 114 115 Fig 6 Comparison of TDS values 116 3.8 Discussion 117 From the various parameters which are studied and compared, it is clear that the 118 landfill setup developed with 3 layered filtration system satisfies all the criteria required to be 119 used for the Irrigation practices (Table 6).