RE'POR TRESUMES ED 011 073 24 A SEMINAR ON THE ROLE OF THE ARTS IN MEETING ?HESOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF THE DISADVANTAGED. BY ROSE, HANNA T. BROOKLYN MUSEUM, N. Y. REPORT NUMBER BRT-0254 PUB CATE APR 61 GRANT .0EG-1-1-070254-2319 EDR3 PRICE MF$0.45 HC$13.12 328P. DESCRIPTORS *FINE ARTS, *CULTURALLY DISADVANTAGED, *INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT, *DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS, *SEMINARS, BROOKLYN A 4DAY SEMINAR WAS ORGANIZED AROUND SEVEN PAPERS WHICH PROVIDED A BASIS FOR DISCUSSION FROM MANY POINTS OF VIEW. THE PARTICIPANTS We:RE THOSE INVOLVED IN WORK IN THE ARTS WITH THE DISADVANTAGED IN VARIOUS AREAS, AS WELL AS A PSYCHOLOGIST, A SOCIOLOGIST, AN ANTHROPOLOGIST, A RESEARCH SPECIALIST IN ART EDUCATION, AND REPRESENTATIVES OF STATE AND CITY EDUCATION DEPARTMENTS. THE DISCUSSIONS CENTERED AROUND THE THEORETICAL EVIDENCE AND THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS WHICH WERE PRESENTED BY THE PEOPLE INVOLVED IN THEM. THE PROGRAMS COVERED A WIDE RANGE, FROM THEATER PRESENTATIONS AND CONCERTS WHICH TRAVEL INTO A NEIGHBORHOOD AND PROGRAMS IN INFORMAL CENTERS TO THOSE IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS. EXAMPLES WERE CITED TO DEMONSTRATE THAT THE ARTS'CAN PROVIDE THE FIRST EXPERIENCE OF POSITIVE ACCOMPLISHMENT AMONG THE DISADVANTAGED, AND FROM THIS CAN DEVELOP A SENSE OF PERSONAL PRIDE LEADING TO OTHER ACCOMPLISHMENTS. EMPHASIS WAS ON THE FUNCTIONAL USE OF THE ARTS TO ENABLE THE CREATIVITY IN EACH PERSON TO REACH ITS FULLEST POTENTIAL. ON THE CONCLUDING DAY, A PANEL DISCUSSED THE FEDERAL RESOURCES FOR SUPPORT OF THE ARTS.(TC) FINAL REPORT Project No. 7-0254 Grant No. OEG-1-7-070254-2319 .U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE ( Office of Education This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated do not necessarily represent official Office of Education position or policy. A SEMINAR ON THE ROLE OF THE. ARTS IN MEETING THE SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF THE DISADVANTAGED April 1967 panm MAY 4 1967 ARTS AND HUMANITIES-BR U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Bureau of Research A SEMINAR ON THE ROLE OF THE ARTS IN MEETING THE SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF THE DISADVANTAGED Project No. 7-0254 Grant No, OEG-1-7-070254-2319 1 HANNA TOBY ROSE Principal Irivestigator BROOKLYN MUSEUM Brooklyn, New York 1967 The research reported herein was performed pursuant to a grant with the Office of Education, U.S. Department of Healtht. Educatiou and Welfare.Contractors undertaking such projects under Government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their professional judgment in the conduct of the project.Points of view or opinions stated do pot, therefore, necessarily represent official Office of Education position or policy. A shorter, narrative report of this Seminar tenta- tively titled "The Arts 'and. the Poor: A New Challenge for Education" is being written by Judith Mtrphy and Ronald Gross of the Academy for Educational Development.This will be published by the G. P. 0. and will be available from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C., probably in the summer of 1967.Inquiries regarding avail- ability of the report and cost should be addressed to the Director of the Arts and Humanities Program, U. S. Office of Education, Washington, D. C. 20202. Il ii V-- _ . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The success of such a seminar as this depends finally on the interest and devotion of those who_ participated.I am deeply indebted to each one who was present not only for his contributions to the proceedings but also for unfailing good humor during the four days. Dr. William Birenbaum accepted the difficult task of. chairman for the seven sessions involving the presentation of papers and the discussion following each.His skill iri keeping the discussion to the point was most helpful. We were all grateful to Joan Williams and Peter Masters of the Office of Public Affairs of the Office of Economic Opportunity who organized and installed the Job Corps Art Exhibit. I am indebted to Judith Murphy and Ronald Gross of the Academy for Educational Development for their editorial work. Without their assistance this report would not have been possible. Above all my thanks are due Junius Eddy of the Arts and Humanities Program of the Office of Education who offered guidance and invaluable advice and assistance every step of the way. Hanna T. Rose Principal Investigator iii aalrnail,sabia.idiso. TABLE OF CONTENTS page INTRODUCTION 1 METHOD 2 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: The Honorable William S. Moorhead 1 4 "Reaching the Disadvantaged Learner Through the Arts" Kathryn Bloom 11 "The Arts as Agents of Social Change: A Psychologist's Viewpoint"Melvin RomanExcerpts from the Discussion with Mr. Roman 21 "The Arts in Neighborhood Life"Francis Bosworth . Excerpts from the Discussion with Mr. Bosworth.. 41 "Educational Research and the Arts"Elliot W. Eisner Excerpts from the .Discussion with Mr. Eisner.... 56 "Using the Arts in Low-Income Areas"Julian T. Euell Excerpts from the Discussionwith\Mr. Euell '79 "The Arts as 'Agents for Social Change: An Anthropologist's Viewpoint"Francis A. J. IanniExcerpts from the Discussion with Mr. Ianni 102 "The Application of Educational Technology to Education of the Disadvantaged"R. Louis Bright Excerpts from the Discussion with Mr. Bright .... 122 "Learning Stimulation"Harold L. Cohen Excerpts from the Discussion with Mr. Cohen .... 135 if` THE CONFERENCE PROCEEDS: MIDWAY EVALUATION AND WORK GROUPS 165 iv, Page PANEL DISCUSSION WITH INDIVIDUALARTISTS Dorothy Maynor, Budd Schulberg,Lloyd New Kiva 167 PANEL ON FEDERAL RESOURCESHarold Howe II, Roger Stevens, Barnaby Keeney, andPhillip Schrager Excerpts from the Discussion with Mr.Howe, Mr: Stevens, Mr. Keeney, and Mr.Schrager . 199 . RECOMMENDATIONS; WORK-GROUP CHAIRMEN'S REPORTS 233 FINAL EVALUATIONMelvin Tumin 251 SUMMARY 283 APPENDIXES REPORTS ON CURRENT PROJECTS A-1 PROGRAM B-1 PARTICIPANTS C-1 REPRESENTATIVES OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES D -1 OBSERVERS E- 1 o INTRODUCTION o In recent years therehas been a tremendousincrease of activity and interestin the entire field ofthe arts and alsoa new awareness of thepoor and disadvantaged in themidst of an affluent society.These two developmentsare having an enor- mous impact on our educationalprocess but they have, for they most part, been largelyseparate in their influences.There is, however, a growing bodyof evidence whichsuggests that the .0 arts may havea vital function to perform inthe field of educa- tion.This functionmay offer us a most importantkey for reaching, motivatingand teaching thedisadvantaged child and adult.In fact, the functionof the artsmay well be a pre- condition of the mostfundamental kinds oflearning needs for r all children. Although this has beenthe strong belief ofmany artists and of the bestart educators, therehas been little r literatutie and little basicresearch in thisarea.Discussions with tile specialistsin the Arts andHumanities Branch of the United States Office ofEducation and the Officeof Economic Opportunity led to theconviction thata developmental meeting was essential. The objectives of themeeting were to drawupon the experiences of peopleinvolved in themany areas of the arts and education andupon the theoretical evidencein order to isolate the kinds ofmotivation which thearts can provide; to examine on-goingprograms in thisarea;to suggest other programs as demonstrationsor models; to recommend needed research;to find ways ofdisseminating this informa- tion to reach thosewho are responsiblefor education curricula and planning.it was hoped thisconference would .focusna- tional attentionon the role arts experiencescan play in the educational phase of theWar on Povertyand, ultimately, in relation to thelearning prodess ofall children. METHOD In planning such a developmental seminar, itwas con- sidered important that all of the arts be representedand that as far as was possible invited participants represent those working with different groups of the disadvantagedand not only with the urban Negro.Thus individuals who were involved in work with the American Indians, the SpanishAmericans, the poor whites and in rural as well as urban areaswere invited. A psychologist-artist,a sociologist and representatives of art education departments, city and state schoolsystems who were also involved in work in these areas were includedamong the participants.And finally we included specialists in the field of research in art education. The Agenda for the four day conferencewas planned around seven commissionedpapers which are reprinted in full in the following pages.Following each presentation therewas extensive and lively discussion by allparticipants.Following the two days devoted to thesepapers and discussions the thirty-four participantswere divided into two work groups who were charged with the task of considering variousareas of con- cern in depth and in.formulating recommendations foraction. To help in focusing attention during the workgroup sessions five major topic questionswere prepared: 1.In what ways can weuse the arts to improve the learning process generally? 2.What do we need to know about theuse of the arts in meeting the needs of the disadvantaged learner which researchcan help us determine? What kinds of researchare needed? What are the limitations, if any, on whatwe can learn from research in this field? 3.How can we identify the best of theon-going programs (inside or out of the schools) and make the experience gained froma variety of models available nationally? Whatnew programs may need to be developed and mounted? 2 .1.