IEA WIND 2013 Annual Report Executive Committee of the Implementing Agreement for Co-operation in the Research, Development, and Deployment of Wind Energy Systems of the International Energy Agency August 2014 ISBN 0-9786383-9-5 Message from the Chair elcome to the IEA Wind 2013 Annual Report of the coop- Werative research, development, and deployment (R, D&D) efforts of our mem- ber governments and organizations. IEA Wind helps advance wind energy in member coun- tries, which together represent nearly 85% of the world's wind generating capacity. In 2013, the members voted to continue this successful co- operation for another five-year term. To support this extension, they worked to report the accom- plishments of the last term and developed a stra- tegic plan for the coming period. Data from the IEA Wind member countries in 2013 illustrate key effects of improved wind plant design. Wind capacity (in gigawatts) in- creased a modest 12% but electrical production from wind (in terawatt-hours) increased a full 21%. The 270 gigawatts of wind capacity met 3.86% of the total electrical demand represented by these countries, up from 3.3% in 2012. In 2013, IEA Wind held Topical Experts Meetings focused on advances in forecasting techniques and on overcoming the challenges of deploying wind projects in hilly or forested environments. Both of these topics are important to continued expansion of wind energy. The IEA Wind members also approved Recommended Practices about social acceptance of wind energy projects, remote sensing for wind resource assessment, and on conducting wind integration studies. Looking forward, IEA Wind approved a new research task to develop recommended procedures for ground-based testing of full-size wind turbines and their components. Supporting the increased use of ground-based testing will reduce the costs of developing advanced technologies ready for the expanding market on land and offshore. The 13 co-operative research tasks of IEA wind offer members many options to gain access to research results many times greater than could be accomplished in any one country. With market challenges and ever-evolving research issues to address, IEA Wind co-operative efforts con- tinue to advance wind energy’s role in the world's energy supply. Jim Ahlgrimm Chair of the Executive Committee, 2013–2014 Contents Chapter 1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2 The Implementing Agreement ........................................................................................................................... 22 IEA Wind and Research Task Reports Chapter 3 Base Technology Information Exchange – Task 11 ............................................................................................ 29 Chapter 4 Wind Energy in Cold Climates – Task 19 ......................................................................................................... 33 Chapter 5 Design and Operation of Power Systems with Large Amounts of Wind Power – Task 25 .................................. 35 Chapter 6 Cost of Wind Energy – Task 26 ........................................................................................................................ 39 Chapter 7 Development and Deployment of Small Wind Turbine Labels for Consumers (2008–2011) and Small Wind Turbines in High Turbulence Sites (2012–2016) – Task 27 ....................................................... 41 Chapter 8 Social Acceptance of Wind Energy Projects – Task 28 ....................................................................................... 44 Chapter 9 Mexnext: Analysis of Wind Tunnel Measurements and Improvement of Aerodynamic Models – Task 29 .......... 46 Chapter 10 Offshore Code Comparison Collabaration (OC4) Project – Task 30 ................................................................. 49 Chapter 11 WAKEBENCH: Benchmarking of Wind Farm Flow Models – Task 31 ............................................................ 52 Chapter 12 LIDAR: Lidar Systems for Wind Energy Deployment – Task 32 ....................................................................... 55 Chapter 13 Reliability Data: Standardizing Data Collection for Wind Turbine Reliability, Operation, and Maintenance Analyses – Task 33 ............................................................................................... 58 Chapter 14 Assessing Environmental Effects and Monitoring Efforts for Offshore and Land-Based Wind Energy System – Task 34 ...................................................................................................... 61 Chapter 15 Full-Size, Ground Testing for Wind Turbines and Their Components – Task 35................................................. 63 COUNTRY REPORTS Chapter 16 Austria .............................................................................................................................................................. 66 Chapter 17 Canada ............................................................................................................................................................. 70 Chapter 18 Chinese Wind Energy Association (CWEA) ..................................................................................................... 76 Chapter 19 Denmark .......................................................................................................................................................... 82 Chapter 20 The European Union/European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) ................................................................. 88 Chapter 21 Finland ............................................................................................................................................................. 94 Chapter 22 Germany .........................................................................................................................................................100 Chapter 23 Greece .............................................................................................................................................................106 Chapter 24 Ireland .............................................................................................................................................................108 Chapter 25 Italy .................................................................................................................................................................114 Chapter 26 Japan ................................................................................................................................................................120 Chapter 27 Republic of Korea ...........................................................................................................................................124 Chapter 28 México ............................................................................................................................................................128 Chapter 29 The Netherlands ..............................................................................................................................................132 Chapter 30 Norway ...........................................................................................................................................................138 Chapter 31 Portugal ...........................................................................................................................................................142 Chapter 32 Spain ...............................................................................................................................................................148 Chapter 33 Sweden ............................................................................................................................................................154 Chapter 34 Switzerland ......................................................................................................................................................158 Chapter 35 The United Kingdom ......................................................................................................................................162 Chapter 36 The United States ............................................................................................................................................168 APPENDICES Appendix A The Executive Committee (photo) ................................................................................................................174 Appendix B List of Executive Committee Members, Alternate Members, and Operating Agents .......................................175 Appendix C Currency Conversion Rates 2013 ..................................................................................................................178 Appendix D Abbreviations and Terminology ......................................................................................................................179 IEA Wind 3 1 Executive Summary Table 1. Key Statistics of IEA Wind Member While wind power Countries 2013 installed capacity Total installed capacity 268.84 GW Total offshore wind capacity* 6.59 GW increased 12% over Total (net) new wind capacity installed 2013 Total new 29.21 GW On land 27.20 GW the 2012 level, Offshore 2.01 GW Total annual output from wind 541.7 TWh electricity production Wind generation as a percent of IEA Wind 3.86% members’ national