Annals of Agrarian Science 15 (2017) 252e268 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Annals of Agrarian Science journal homepage: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/annals-of-agrarian- science Updated checklist of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha)in Sakartvelo (Georgia) * M. Batsankalashvili a, M.B. Kaydan b, c, G. Kirkitadze a, G. Japoshvili a, a Institute of Entomology, Agricultural University of Georgia, 240, Agmashenebeli Alley, Tbilisi, 0159, Georgia b Imamoglu Vocational School, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey c Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Çukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey article info abstract Article history: The Scale Insects, infraorder Coccomorpha (Hemiptera: Sternorryncha) includes many agricultural pests. Received 22 December 2016 The latest check list of scale insects of Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia) was published in 2008, but it Accepted 12 February 2017 contained species mostly from the city of Tbilisi. In this study an updated check list of scale insects of Available online 9 May 2017 Sakartvelo with 242 species is presented. Fifteen scale insect families from 30 extant families in the world are presented for Sakartvelo. Most species-rich families are: Diaspididae with 90 species belonging Keywords: to 38 genera, Pseudococcidae with 72 species belonging to 31 genera and Coccidae with 43 species Hadzibeyli belonging to 23 genera. Other families are: Acanthococcidae (5 genera, 10 species), Asterolecaniidae (3 Sternorryncha Coccoidea genera, 5 species), Cryptococcidae (2 genera, 3 species), Eriococcidae (1 genus, 2 species), Kermesidae (1 Coccids genus, 3 species), Kerriidae (1 genus, 1 species), Kuwaniidae (1 genus, 1 species), Marchalinidae (1 genus, Pests 1 species), Margarodidae (2 genera, 3 species), Monophlebidae (2 genera, 2 species), Ortheziidae (3 Transcaucasia genera, 5 species), Putoidae (1 genus, 1 species). Anophococcus agropyri was found in the collection of Z. Hadzibeyli and it is herein recorded for the first time from Georgia. Distribution and host plant data for each species is given. © 2017 Agricultural University of Georgia. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Introduction hermaphroditism; (iii) they have simple pathogen-like life cycles, in which dispersal is achieved by first instar nymphs blown by the The Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) are pests of many wind; and (iv) they have variable host specificities [4]. ornamental and agricultural plants. They cause damage by feeding In Sakartvelo (Georgia) the first study about scale insects was on plant sap, reducing vigor and producing chlorotic areas and published in 1934, by N. S. Borchsenius [5]. The basis for studying sooty mould at feeding locations, premature leaf drop and dis- the scale insect fauna, their taxonomy, morphology, biology, eco- torting stems and bark. Large populations of coccoids can cause the nomic aspects and natural enemies in Sakartvelo were provided death of their host plant [1]. Scale insects aren't all harmful and mainly by Hadzibeyli (1941e1983), Yasnosh (1957e1998) and some of them are used as a main source of income for humans, such Japoshvili (1996e2008). In Hadzibeyli's monograph [6] and publi- as producing natural dyes and some other products, in Mexico, cations of Hadzibeyli [7e15] it was recorded about 220 species of Peru, Brazil, Ethiopia, Australia, Chile, India and other countries [2]. Scale Insects in Sakartvelo. The latest publications on coccoids in Honeydew is an important food source for many birds and mam- Sakartvelo were published in 2008 [16,17]. mals and especially other insects [3]. Scale Insects are interesting to In this paper, we aimed to update the list of scale insect species evolutionary biologists for a number of reasons: (i) they have in Sakartvelo, considering modern taxonomic changes. intimate relationships with host plants, endosymbionts and social Hymenoptera; (ii) they have diverse genetic systems including thelytoky, arrhenotoky, paternal genome elimination, and Material and methods All existed material of references had been analyzed and addi- * Corresponding author. tionally dry and slide collection of Dr. Hadzibeyli were studied, this E-mail address: [email protected] (G. Japoshvili). collection is housed in the Entomology collection of the Agricul- Peer review under responsibility of Journal Annals of Agrarian Science. tural University of Georgia. Species names are listed following the http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aasci.2017.05.002 1512-1887/© 2017 Agricultural University of Georgia. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). M. Batsankalashvili et al. / Annals of Agrarian Science 15 (2017) 252e268 253 nomenclature used in the scale insect database ScaleNet [4]. List of Distribution worldwide: Holarctic Region [4,21]. host plants are shown according to Georgian records. 12. Asterodiaspis quercicola (Bouche) Host plants. Quercus sp. [6], Q. iberica, Q. glauca (Fagaceae) [20]. Georgian localities. Tbilisi, Borjomi, Akhaltsikhe, Batumi, Sur- Results ami [1,6,20], Kvemo Chala (Dry material). Distribution worldwide: Afrotropical Region, Australian Re- Family e Acanthococcidae gion, Holarctic Region [4,21]; Genus e Acanthococcus Signoret 13. Asterodiaspis variolosa (Ratzeburg) 1. Acanthococcus aceris Signoret Host plants. Quercus hartwissiana (Fagaceae) [7]. Host plants. Acer campestre (Sapindaceae) [6]. Georgian localities. Tbilisi Botanical Garden [7]. Georgian localities. Tbilisi botanical garden [1]. Distribution worldwide: Holarctic Region, Australian Region, Distribution worldwide: Palaearctic Region [4]. Neotropical Region [4,21]. 2. Acanthococcus roboris (Goux) Genus e Planchonia Signoret Host plants. Pterocarya pterocarpa (Juglandaceae), Quercus 14. Planchonia arabidis Signoret imeretina, Castanea sativa (Fagaceae) [6]. Host plants. Thymus sp., T. transcaucasicus (Lamiaceae), Hedera Georgian localities. Tbilisi, Tbilisi botanical garden, Tkibuli, helix, H. pastuchovii, H. colchica (Araliaceae), Dianthus sp. (Car- Lagodekhi, Matsimi (Dry material). yophyllaceae), Jasminum fruticans, Ligustrum vulgare (Oleaceae), Distribution worldwide: Palaearctic Region [4]. Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae), Cistus salviifolius (Cistaceae), 3. Acanthococcus spiraeae Borchsenius Andropogon virginicus (Poaceae) [6], Hieracium sp. (Compositae) Host plants. Spiraea hypericifolia, S. crenata (Rosaceae) [6]. (Dry material). Georgian localities. East Georgia [6], Tbilisi (Dry material). Georgian localities. Tbilisi, Borjomi, Mtskheta [6,7,20], Tbilisi Distribution worldwide: Palaearctic Region [4]. Botanical Garden, Koda (Dry material). Genus e Anophococcus (Signoret) Distribution worldwide: Holarctic Region, Australian Region 4. Anophococcus inermis (Green) [4,21]. Host plants. Poaceae Genus e Pollinia Targioni Tozzetti Georgian localities. Georgia [18]. 15. Pollinia pollini (Costa) Distribution worldwide: Europe [4]. Host plants. Olea europaea (Oleaceae) [6]. 5. Anophococcus adzharicus (Hadzibeyli) Georgian localities. Eastern Georgia [6]. Host plants. Vulpia unilateralis (Poaceae) [15]. Distribution worldwide: Holarctic Region [4,21]. Georgian localities. West Georgia, Batumi Botanical Garden [6], Adjara [15], Kolkheti (Slide and Dry material). FamilyeCoccidae Distribution worldwide: Georgia [4]. Genus e Acanthopulvinaria Borchsenius 6. Anophococcus agropyri (Borchsenius) 16. Acanthopulvinaria orientalis (Nasonov) Host plants. Ryegrass (Dry material). Host plants. Salsola ericoides, Kochia sp. (Amaranthaceae), Georgian localities. Tbilisi (Dry material). Rheum sp. (Polygonaceae), Reaumuria sp. (Tamarikaceae) [6]. Distribution worldwide: Palaearctic Region [4]. Georgian localities. South-Eastern part of East Georgia, Shiraqi, 7. Anophococcus insignis (Newstead) Gareji, Tbilisi [6]. Host plants. Poaceae [6]. Distribution worldwide: Palaearctic Region [4,21]. Georgian localities. Georgia [6]. Genus e Anapulvinaria Borchsenius Distribution worldwide: Holarctic Region [4]. 17. Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer) Genus e Gossyparia Signoret Host plants. Pistacia vera, Pistacia atlantica (Anacardiaceae) [6]. 8. Gossyparia spuria (Modeer) Georgian localities. East Georgia, Shiraqi [6], Kakheti (Dry Host plants. Ulmus sp., U. glabra, U. minor, U. elliptica (Ulmaceae) material). [1,6,20]. Distribution worldwide: Palaearctic Region [4,21]. Georgian localities. Tbilisi, Kojori, Borjomi [1,6,20], Manglisi, Genus e Ceroplastes Gray Gardabani (Dry material). 18. Ceroplastes japonicus Green Distribution worldwide: Holarctic Region [4]. Host plants. Diospyros kaki (Ebenaceae), Punica granatum Genus e Greenisca Borchsenius (Lythraceae), Morus sp. (Moraceae), Chaenomeles sinensis 9. Greenisca gouxi (Balachowsky) (Rosaceae), Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) [6], Ilex aquifolium Host plants. Cypreaceae and Poaceae [4]. (Aquifoliaceae), Prunus laurocerasus (Rosaceae), Osmanthus fra- Georgian localities. East Georgia [18,20]. grans (Oleaceae), Hedera sp. (Araliaceae), Diospyros sp. (Ebena- Distribution worldwide. Palaearctic region [4]. ceae), Salix alba (Salicaceae) [1], Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae), Genus e Rhizococcus (Signoret) Eriobotrya japonica (Rosaceae) [1,6]. 10. Rhizococcus saxatilis (Kiritchenko) Georgian localities. West Georgia, Tbilisi, Telavi, Ozurgeti [1,6], Host plants. Fragaria vesca (Rosaceae), Teucrium chamaedrys Kheta