C CACAO B6 As a plant and as chocolate and cocoa. Coordinate with CANDY for chocolate sweets and BEVERAGES for chocolate drinks. For chocolate & cocoa in diet WD93 Pharmacological effects QV107 See related CHOCOLATE Cachectin receptors see RECEPTORS, TUMOUR NECROSIS FACTOR QW630 CACHEXIA WB143 C23 General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease. WASTING SYNDROME and HIV WASTING SYNDROME are also available. In nutrition WD205 In cancer QZ770 See related HYPOPITUITARISM for pituitary cachexia Cacosmia see OLFACTION DISORDERS WV301 CADAVER W95 C23 Do not use for post-mortem studies (probably AUTOPSY if as a technique). Not for routine post-mortem pathology. Must be on cadaver as a corpse. See related AUTOPSY; CORONERS AND MEDICAL EXAMINERS; DEATH; DEATH CERTIFICATES; DISSECTION; EMBALMING; GRAVE ROBBING; MORTUARY PRACTICE. CADMIUM QV290 D1 For / poisoning use CADMIUM POISONING CADMIUM POISONING QV610 C21 Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anaemia, or pneumonitis. Itai-itai goes here. For occupational poisoning coordinate with OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES but not also with ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE. CAECAL DISEASES WI530 C6 For inflammation use CAECITIS. See related APPENDICITIS; INTESTINAL DISEASES CAECAL NEOPLASMS WI530 C4 C6 See related INTESTINAL NEOPLASMS CAECOSTOMY WI530 E4 Surgical construction of an opening into the CAECUM with a tube through the ABDOMINAL WALL (tube caecostomy) or by skin level approach, in which the caecum is sewn to the surrounding PERITONEUM. Its primary purpose is decompression of colonic obstruction. See related CAECUM CAECUM WI530 A3 The blind sac or outpouching area of the LARGE INTESTINE that is below the entrance of the SMALL INTESTINE. It has a worm-like extension, the vermiform APPENDIX. See related INTESTINE, LARGE CAESAREAN SECTION WQ430 E4 Cafeterias See RESTAURANTS or FOOD SERVICES CAFFEINE QV107 D3 A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates cardiac 1 of 93 Last updated 09/03/2018 C muscle, stimulates diuresis, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. See related COFFEE Caisson disease see DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS WD612 CALCANEUS WE900 A2 The heel-bone: differentiate from HEEL, the area. See related HEEL Calcification, pathologic See CALCINOSIS WD289 CALCINOSIS WD289 C18 The pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues. Most texts will say calcification. For calcinosis of the heart coordinate with MYOCARDIAL DISEASES not HEART DISEASES. Calcinosis intervertebralis WE480 CALCITONIN WK202 D6 D12 D14 A neurotransmitter hormone. CALCIUM QV276 D1 D23 Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. For / antagonists & inhibitors consider also CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS. For / blood consider also HYPERCALCAEMIA and HYPOCALCAEMIA. For /deficiency consider also HYPOCALCAEMIA and note that CALCIUM, DIETARY is also available. For / metabolism consider also CALCIUM CHANNELS. For metabolic disorders use CALCIUM METABOLISM DISORDERS. Inorganic chemistry QD4 See related HYPERCALCAEMIA; METALS, ALKALINE EARTH CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS QV150 D27 A class of drugs used in the drug therapy of hypertension and cerebrovascular spasms, as myocardial protective agents, and in the relaxation of uterine spasms. See related ANTI- ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; VASODILATOR AGENTS CALCIUM, DIETARY WD80 D1 Calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium. Dietary calcium is needed during growth for bone development and for maintenance of skeletal integrity later in life to prevent osteoporosis. For / adverse effects coordinate with disease + / etiology not / chemically induced. For / therapeutic use coordinate with disease name + / diet therapy. For / chemistry use CALCIUM / chemistry. For / deficiency use CALCIUM / deficiency. Biochemistry QU130 Control in diet WD132 CALCIUM HYDROXIDE QV276 D1 A white powder prepared from lime that has many medical and industrial uses. It is in many dental formulations, especially for root canal filling. In dentistry WU315 Inorganic chemistry QD181 CALCIUM METABOLISM DISORDERS WD254 C18 Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. Prefer a specific disorder when possible. See related HYPERCALCAEMIA CALCIUM PHOSPHATES QD4 D1 Often used as a calcium supplement Of bone in general WE210 Of teeth WU101 2 of 93 Last updated 09/03/2018 C CALCIUM SULPHATE D1 A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum. Plaster of Paris WE162 Calculating machines see COMPUTERS QA50 Calculators, programmable see COMPUTERS QA50 CALCULI QZ140 C23 An abnormal concretion occurring mostly in the urinary and biliary tracts, usually composed of mineral salts. Also called stones. Prefer with site. For chemolysis of calculi coordinate disease with / therapy not / drug therapy. See related LITHOTRIPSY; CHOLELITHIASIS; KIDNEY CALCULI; URINARY CALCULI etc Calf of the leg see LEG WE840 CALIBRATION E5 H1 Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output. In medical imaging equipment WN415 Calisthenics See GYMNASTICS W570 CALLOSITIES WR144 C17 Localized hyperplasia of the horny layer of the epidermis due to pressure or friction. (Dorland, 27th ed) Callous goes here; do not confuse with BONY CALLUS, post-fracture bone formation. Corns WE900 Callotasis see OSTEOGENESIS, DISTRACTION WE170 Calmette Guerin bacillus vaccine see BCG vaccine WF225 Caloric intake see ENERGY INTAKE WD35 Calories see ENERGY INTAKE WD35 CALORIMETRY QU125 E5 The measurement of the quantity of heat involved in various processes, such as chemical reactions, changes of state, and formations of solutions, or in the determination of the heat capacities of substances. The fundamental unit of measurement is the joule or the calorie (4.184 joules). See related HOT TEMPERATURE Campimetry see PERIMETRY WW152 CAMPTOTHECIN D3 An alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. CAMPYLOBACTER QW154 B3 A genus of bacteria found in the reproductive organs, intestinal tract, and oral cavity of animals and man. Some species are pathogenic. 3 of 93 Last updated 09/03/2018 C CAMPYLOBACTER INFECTIONS WC260 C1 Gram-negative bacterial infections. CANADA G Z1 Health statistics W240 Canary Islands see SPAIN G Cancer see NEOPLASMS QZ200-895 CANCER CARE FACILITIES QZ615 N2 See related ONCOLOGY SERVICE, HOSPITAL Cancer care units see ONCOLOGY SERVICE, HOSPITAL or CANCER CARE FACILITIES QZ615 Cancer chemotherapy protocols see ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS QZ269 Cancer drug tests see DRUG SCREENING ASSAYS, ANTITUMOUR QZ710 Cancer, embryonal and mixed see NEOPLASMS, GERM CELL AND EMBRYONAL QZ310 Cancer nursing see ONCOLOGIC NURSING QZ800 Cancer of the cervix see UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS WP540 Cancer of the muscles see MUSCLE NEOPLASMS WE305 Cancer of the nose see NOSE NEOPLASMS WV310 Cancer of the oesophagus see OESOPHAGEAL NEOPLASMS WI250 Cancer of the oropharynx see OROPHARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS WV420 Cancer of the ovary see OVARIAN NEOPLASMS WP650 Cancer of the pancreas see PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS WI810 Cancer of the paranasal sinuses see PARANASAL SINUS NEOPLASMS WV340 Cancer of the parathyroid gland see PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS WK300 Cancer of the parotid gland see PAROTID NEOPLASMS WI230 Cancer of the pelvis WE700 Cancer of the penis see PENILE CANCER WJ790 Cancer of the pharynx see PHARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS WV420 Cancer of the pituitary see PITUITARY NEOPLASMS WK585 Cancer of the prostate see PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS WJ752 Cancer of the rectum see RECTAL NEOPLASMS WI610 Cancer of the retina see RETINAL NEOPLASMS WW170 4 of 93 Last updated 09/03/2018 C Cancer of the salivary glands see SALIVARY GLAND NEOPLASMS WI230 Cancer of the sigmoid see SIGMOID NEOPLASMS WI560 Cancer of the skin see SKIN NEOPLASMS WR500-10 Cancer of the stomach see STOMACH NEOPLASMS WI320 Cancer of the thymus see THYMUS NEOPLASMS WK400 Cancer of the thyroid see THYROID NEOPLASMS WK270 Cancer of the urethra see URETHRAL CANCER WJ600 Cancer of the urinary bladder see URINARY BLADDER CANCER WJ504 Cancer of the urinary tract see UROLOGIC NEOPLASMS WJ160 Cancer of the uterine cervix see UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS WP540 Cancer of the uterus see UTERINE NEOPLASMS WP440-80 Cancer of the uvea see UVEAL NEOPLASMS WW345 Cancer of the vagina see VAGINAL NEOPLASMS WP290 Cancer of the vulva see VULVAR NEOPLASMS WP230 CANCER PAIN QZ700/710 C10 C23 Pain that may be caused by or related to cellular, tissue, and systemic changes that occur during NEOPLASM growth, tissue invasion, and METASTASIS