The Government of the Union of Myanmar Ministry of Education Department of Higher Education (Lower Myanmar) and Department of Higher Education (Upper Myanmar) Universities Research ournal Vol. 1, No.2 December, 2008. Universities Research Journal 2008, V01. 1, No.2 Universities Research Journal 2008 Vol. 1, No.2 Editorial Board Editors in Chief Prof. Dr. Win Naing, Head of the Department of Geology, University of Yangon Prof. U Khin Aung Than, Head of the Department of Geology, University ofEast Yangon . U Ali Akaba Khan (a) U Tin Maung Htwe, Department of Geology, University ofMandalay Prof. Dr. Zaw Win, Head of the Department of Mathematic; University of Yangon Dr. Soe Soe Hlaing, Head ofMathematics Department, Yangon Institute of Economics Prof. Dr. Khin Aye Aye, Head of the Department of Mathematics, University ofMandalay Editors Prof. Dr. Aye Ko Aung, Head of the Departmerit of Geology, University of Dagon Dr. Chit Sein, Head ofthe Department ofGeology, University ofHinthada Prof. Ohn Myint, Head of the Department of Geology, University of Maubin Prof. Dr. Than Than Nu, Head of the Department of Geology, University of Mandalay Dr. Nyan Win, Head ofGeology Department, University ofLoikaw U Hla Myint, Head ofDepartment ofGeology, Shwebo Degree College Assis Leet. Dr Khin Khin Lin. Head of the Department of Geology, University ofBhamo Universities Research Journal 2008, Vol. I, No.2 Prof. Yi Yi Thein, Head of the Department of Mathematics, University of Mawlamyine Prof. Dr. Win Kyi, Head of the Department of Mathematics, Yangon University ofDistance Education Prof. Myint Ohn , Head of the Department of Mathematics, University of Pathein Prof. Toe Aung, Head of the Department of Mathematics, University of Taungoo Prof. Dr Vee Myint, Head of Department of Mathematics, University of West Yangon Dr. Hla Hla Kyi, Head of the Department of Mathematics, University of Myeik Prof. Nu Nu Naing, Head ofthe Department ofMathematics, University of Magway Prof. Nu Nu Sein, Head of the Department of Mathematics, University of Monywa Prof. Dr Hnin 00, . Head ofthe Department of Mathematics, University of Yadanabon Prof. Dr Kay Thi Tin, Head of the Department of Mathematics, Meiktila Institute ofEconomics Mai Mae Khin, Head ofDepartment ofMathematics, University ofLoikaw Prof. 00 00 Myint, Head ofthe Department of Mathematics, University of Lashio Asso. Prof. Dr Than Than 00, Head of the Department of Mathematics, University ofKyainge Tong Universities Research Joumal2008, Vol. 1, No.2 Contents Page The Geology ofPhongum Razi Ranges Putao District, K.achin State 1 JRa Htay and AungKhin Soe Preliminary report on the study ofthe rock units exposed along the 11 Mongla • Kengtung • Tarchileik road section, Eastern Shan State Khin Khin Lin Revision ofthe Stratigraphy and Age ofthe Early Devonian 31 Zebingyi Formation, Myanmar Aye KoAung NewMaterials of Stegolophodon (proboscidea, Mammalia) from 49 the Irrawaddy Formation, Myanmar ChitSein and Tin Thein NewMaterials ofTetraconodon malensis (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, 6S Suidae) from the Middle Miocene ofCentral Myanmar Thaung Htike, Zin Maung Maung Thein and Hnin Hnin Htay Palaeoecological andPalaeogeographical Significance ofthe 77 Rugose Corals from the Middle Devonian "Maymyo Formation" in Pyinoolwin Township Khalng Khaing San The Study ofFolding in Calc-silicate Rocks ofPinle-in Area, 89 Mandalay Division SawNgwe Khaing , A Study ofClay Minerals in the Maubin Area 103 Olm Myin/, Thura Aung, Swe Zin Thant, Nay Soe, Htet HtetAung, ZizawQl' Win Naing, Myo Min andHtin Lynn Aung Tin-tungsten Mineralization ofZingyaik-Kadaik Area, Paung 119 Township, Mon State Than Htoo Aung Universities Research ]ournal2008, Vol. 1, No.2 Page An Appraisal for the Mineral Assemblages to define Mineral 133 Isograds on Paragneiss from Latha-Phayargnokto Area, Patheingyi Township, Mandalay Division, Myanmar Zaw Win Ko and Win Min Soe Petrology ofDevonian Strata in Naungcho Area, Naungcho 147 Township Thein Htike Swe, Yan Naing Htun and Nyan Win Microbialites in the Thitsipin Limestone, Linwe-Kyauktaw Area, 163 Yengan Township, Southern Shan State Khin Khin Lin Stability ofTwo-Level Difference Method for PDE 173 Soe Soe Hlaing Finite Difference Method for Elliptic Partial Differential Equation 193 Win WinEi Numerical Approximations for Burgers Equation 203 SuSuAung Use ofFinite Element Methods for Dirichlet Boundary Value 213 Problem Khin Htay Kyi Numerical Method for A Mathematical Model ofA Suspension 231 Bridge Soe Soe Aye Propagation Property for Nonlinear Double-Degenerate Parabolic 239 Equation in Multi-Dimension Khin Than Sint A Study on Steady State Drift-Diffusion Model for Semiconductors 241 Khin Thi Numerical Schemes for the Euler Equations 261 Win WinNwe Universities Research Journal 2008, Vol. 1, No.2 Page Numerical Approximations ofOne-Dimensional Stationary Drift- 271 Diffusion Model for Semiconductor Cho Sandar Characterizing the Degree Sequences ofSigned Cycles and Signed 285 Stars Hla H/a Myint Applications ofEulerian Path and Tour 295 Sandar Mytnt, Win Win Mar and Yi Myint Spanning Trees with at most k Leaves in a K1,4-free graph 307 AungKyaw Arc-Disjoint Path Pair (APP) Problem 323 Nang Kham Maing Characterization ofa Bipartite Graph and Its Hamiltonicity 337 Shwin Seinn A Study on Optimal Control ofRice Production in Taungoo Area 349 Aye Ko, Thin Thin Myatand Mi Mi Than Proximal Method for Equilibrium Problems 367 HlaHlaKyi The Weighted Locally Convex Spaces ofMeasurable Functions on 373 Np Family And Continutous Functions on Nachbin Family Saw MarlarAung and Kyi Htin Paw Universities Research Jouma12008, Vol. I, No.2 Palaeoecological and Palaeogeographical Significance ofthe Rugose Corals from the Middle Devonian "Maymyo Formation" in Pyinoolwin Township Khaing Khaing San Abstract In Myanmar, Middle Devonian coral bearing carbonate deposits are limited in Pyinoolwin Township, i.e. Padaukpin area and Pwepon area. At the generic level, most rugose corals from the "Maymyo Formation" including Padaukpin Limestone and Pwepon Limesone are widely distributed especially in the Old World Realm. Detailed palaeoecological study indicates that the abundant rugose coral fauna from the.Middle Devonian "Maymyo Formation" may have lived in a warm, shallow, well-oxygenated seas having moderate to high wave energy probably situated near the margin ofthe carbonate platform adjacent to the basinal deposits in tropical to temperate zone. After death they had been transported and quickly deposited in a calm water environment on the continental slope. Comparison of the rugose coral fauna in "Maymyo Formation" with those in other countries reveals that the rugose coral assemblages ofthe "Maymyo Formation" do not give any indication for a biogeographic relation to Gondwana or presumed Cinmerian blocks during the Middle Devonian. These fauna are definitely ofthe Rhenish-Bohemian region of the Old World Realm and quite different from the Australia fauna. On the basic of the faunal assemblages of the Middle Devonian "Maymyo Formation", Myanmar (especially Shan State of the western part of Sinoburmalaya) is interpreted as a massif belonging to the Gondwana domain which was separated from Gondwana by a wide ocean made it impossible for the benthonic organisms on the both flanks to freely migrate toward the opposing continental margin. Key words: palaeoecology, palaeogeography, rugose corals, Middle Devonian. Introduction Within Myanmar, marine Middle Devonian limestones are exposed in very limited areas. They exposed as an isolated outcrop of only a few localities and so far well-preserved Devonian corals are only known from two localities; the Padaukpin and Pwepon areas, Pyinoolwin township (Fig. 1) which is geologically known as a part ofthe northen Shan State. Assistant Lecturer, Dr, Department ofGeology, Myinchan Degree College 78 Universities Research Journal 2008, Vol. I, No.2 96' 3' E 4~5 ' 3188' A. Okhpo Tlune BokTlUne 3403' A ' L_ ~ , ::l'r·q. li ,:,j< A. 0'11"" ~ Nll"'e TaUDe ·:.''I:I "I'II !::'! .'I! ·"· i il ,i!"I I'I :1 ! ,iI I;. 'II"m:: i: i'. , i.,i" 1,' 56'N .' .h • 1. i t 21' 56' '\:11' .' ;0,!!I'j 1j:l a!iI , ' ... ' , .•. I '·., .I' " 'I' Ii i il :;1;I HI~ !! II');':;IH:;1, 34n' A. Thin TaDna 96' 3' B SCALE o 5Jun IOJun Figure 1. Location map ofthe study area. The Middle Devonian "Maymyo Formation" is widely disttibuted in the Pyinoolwin Township. The rich rugose coral bearing Padaukpin Limestone and Pwepon Limestone are the sandwiched units of the "Maymyo Formation" on which more detailed study has been done (Reed, 1908, 1929; Aung, 1995; Khaing Khaing San, 2005). The present paper attempts to discuss the palaeoecological and palaeogeographical significance ofthe coral fauna. Palaeoelimate In this study, the coral fauna is very rieh in individuals. Although non-dissepimented solitary forms including .Puanophyllum and Metrionaxon are also occurred. Metrionaxon in Pwepon Limestone is small in size and a few specimens are occurred. Puanophyllum in Padaukpin Limestone is abundant and only a few of them are greater than 10 em in diameter, mostly of medium or large size with maximum'diameter up to 30 cm. So the corals lived in a normal shallow sea advantages to their growth. Universities Research Journal 2008, Vol. I, No.2 79 In this study, the massive rugose corals are represented by Phillipsastrea, Argutastrea and Hexagonaria. Phillipsastrea are very abundant in Padaukpin Limestone and are usually large in size, greater than 10 em high, and about or greater than 20 em in diameter, the biggest individual being