dze la[;k& 02 iathd`r la[;k&;w0,0@Mh0Mh0,u@30@2006&08 ljdkjh xtV] mRrjk[k.M mRrjk[k.M ljdkj }kjk izdkf”kr vlk/kkj.k fo/kk;h ifjf”k’V Hkkx&1] [k.M ¼d½ ¼mÙkjk[k.M vf/kfu;e½ nsgjknwu] “kqdzokj] 04 tuojh] 2008 bZ0 ikS’k] 14] 1929 “kd lEor~ mRrjk[k.M “kklu fo/kk;h ,oa lalnh; dk;Z foHkkx la[;k 1215@fo/kk;h ,oa lalnh; dk;Z@2008 nsgjknwu] 04 tuojh] 2008 vf/klwpuk fofo/k **Hkkjr dk lafo/kku** ds vuqPNsn 200 ds v/khu jkT;iky egksn; us mRrjk[k.M fo/kku lHkk }kjk ikfjr mRrjk[k.M iqfyl fo/ks;d] 2007 dks fnukad 02 tuojh] 2008 dks vuqefr iznku dh vkSj og mRrjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 01 o’kZ 2008 ds :i esa loZ&lk/kkj.k dh lwpukFkZ bl vf/klwpuk }kjk izdkf”kr fd;k tkrk gSA mÙkjk[k.M iqfyl vf/kfu;e] 2007 izoj lfefr }kjk ;Fkk la”kksf/kr ¿vf/kfu;e la[;k 01] o’kZ 2008À iqfyl O;oLFkk dh mHkjrh gqbZ pqukSfr;ksa] dkuwu dk “kklu ykxw djus] jkT; vkSj turk dh lqj{kk dh leL;k;sa] lq”kklu ,oa ekuo vf/kdkjksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] iqfyl vf/k’Bku] fofu;eksa rFkk izcU/ku] iqfyl dh Hkwfedk] drZO;ksa vkSj mÙkjnkf;Roksa dks iqu% ifjHkkf’kr djrs gq, n{k O;kolkf;d] izHkkoh tokcnsg vkSj turk dh fe= iqfyl dks mÙkjnk;h cuk, tkus ds n`f’Vdks.k ls ;g vf/kfu;e Hkkjr x.kjkT; ds 58osa o’kZ esa mÙkjk[k.M jkT; dh fo/kku lHkk }kjk fuEufyf[kr vf/kfu;e :Ik esa vf/kfu;fer gks%& v/;k;&,d izkjfEHkd Lakf{kIr uke] izkjEHk 1- ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e dk laf{kIr uke mRRkjk[k.M iqfyl vf/kfu;e] 2007 gSA vkSj foLrkj ¼2½ ;g] jktLo iqfyl {ks= dks NksM+dj] leLr mRrjk[k.M jkT; vkSj jkT; ds ckgj rSukr jkT; iqfyl cy ij ykxw gksxkA ¼3½ ;g ml fnuk¡d dks izo`Rr gksxk tks ljdkj }kjk jkti= eas vf/klwfpr dj fu;r fd;k tk;A IkfjHkk’kk;sa 2- bl vf/kfu;e eas tc rd fd lUnHkZ ls vU;Fkk visf{kr u gks%& ¼d½ ^^vf/kfu;e^^ ls mRrjk[k.M iqfyl vf/kfu;e] 2007 vfHkizsr gS( ¼[k½ ^^i”kq^^ ls xk;] HkSal] ÅaV] ?kksMs] x/ks] [kPpj] HksM] cdjh vkSj lwvj vfHkizsr gS( ¼x½ ^^eq[; lfpo^^ ls jkT; ljdkj dk eq[; lfpo vfHkiszr gS( ¼?k½ ^^ftyk^^ ls mRrj izns”k Hkw&jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1901 ¼mRrjk[k.M jkT; eas ;Fkk izo`Rr vkSj le;≤ ij ;Fkkla”kksf/kr½ ds v/khu ftys ds :i eas vf/klwfpr jktLo {ks= vfHkizsr gS( ¼³½ ^^ftyk eftLVªsV^^ ls ,slk eq[; vf/kdkjh vfHkizsr gS ftls ftys ds flfoy iz”kklu lkSaik x;k gS vkSj n.M izfdz;k lafgrk] 1973 ¼dsUnzh; vf/kfu;e la[;k 2 o’kZ 1974½ dh /kkjk 20 ds v/khu jkT; ljdkj }kjk bl :i eaas fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS( ¼p½ ^^e.Myk;qDr^^ ls ,slk vf/kdkjh vfHkizsr gS] ftls bl :i eas inkfofgr fd;k x;k gS vkSj tks mRrj izns”k Hkw&jktLo vf/kfu;e] 1901 ¼mRrjk[k.M jkT; eas ;Fkk izo`Rr vkSj le;& le; ij ;Fkkla”kksf/kr½ ds v/khu vf/klwfpr jktLo e.My dk izHkkjh gS( ¼N½ ^^?kjsyw lsod^^ ls ,slk O;fDr vfHkizsr gS] tks ikfjJfed ij vFkok vU;Fkk] ?kjksa eas ?kjsyw dk;Z djrk gS( ¼t½ ^^jkT; ds fo:) nzksg^^ ls fdlh lewg ;k tula[;k ds fdlh Hkkx }kjk ,slk jktnzksg vfHkizsr gS] ftleas fdlh Hkkjrh; {ks= eas fdlh Hkkx dks i`Fkd djuk Hkh] lfEefyr gS( ¼>½ ^^vkUrfjd lqj{kk^^ ls jkT; ds vUnj fo/oaldkjh vkSj jk’Vªfojks/kh rkdrksa ls jkT; dh ,drk o v[k.Mrk dk ifjj{k.k vfHkizsr gS( ¼¥½ ^^;q)eku xfrfof/k;k¡^^ ls jktuSfrd mn~ns”; izkIr djus ds fy, foLQksVd] Toyu”khu inkFkZ] vkXus;L= ;k vU; ?kkrd vL=ksa ;k [krjukd inkFkkZsa ds mi;ksx }kjk fdlh lewg dh fgald xfrfof/k vfHkizsr gS( ¼V½ ^^uSfrd v/kerk^^ ls ,sls fdlh vijk/k eas “kkfey gksuk vfHkizsr gS] tks vU; ckrksa ds lkFk&lkFk] Ny&diV] tkylkth] Lokid ¼Mªx½ u”kk fdlh efgyk dh “kkyhurk dks Bsl igq¡pkuk ;k Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ¼vf/kfu;e la[;k 45 o’kZ 1860½ ds v/;k;&6 eas mfYyf[kr jkT; ds fo:) fd;k x;k dksbZ vijk/k lfEefyr gS( ¼B½ ^^laxfBr vijk/k^^ eas ,slk vijk/k lfEefyr gS] tks fgalk ;k fgalk dh /kedh }kjk voS/k ykHk izkIr djus ds lkekU; vk”k; ds vuqlj.k eas fdlh lewg ;k O;fDr;ksa ds fxjksg }kjk fd;k x;k gks( ¼M½ ^^lkoZtfud vkeksn ,oa lkoZtfud euksjatu LFky^^ ls ,slk LFkku vfHkizsr gS] tks jkT; ljdkj }kjk vf/klwfpr fd;s tk;sa( ¼<½ ^^iqfyl ftyk^^ ls ,slk izknsf”kd {ks= vfHkizsr gS] ftls ljdkj }kjk bl fufeRr vf/klwfpr fd;k x;k gS( ¼.k½ ^^iqfyl ftys dh lhek^^ ls jktLo iqfyl {ks= dks NksM+dj jktLo ftys dk izknsf”kd {ks= vfHkizsr gS( ¼r½ ^^iqfyl vf/kdkjh^^ ls Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsok] mRrjk[k.M iqfyl lsok vFkok mRrjk[k.M v/khuLFk iqfyl lsok ds vf/kdkjh vfHkizsr gS vkSj bleas bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu xfBr fdlh vU; lsok ds iqfyl vf/kdkjh Hkh lfEefyr gS( 1¿¼Fk½ ^^iqfyl dkfeZd^^ ls ,sls iqfyl vf/kdkjh ,oa leLr vU; O;fDr vfHkiszr gS] ftuds fy, iqfyl egkfuns”kd ;k iqfyl egkfuns”kd dk dksbZ v/khuLFk vf/kdkjh fu;qfDr izkf/kdkjh gS(À ¼n½ ^^fofgr^^ ls bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu fofgr vfHkizsr gS( ¼/k½ ^^lkoZtfud LFky^^ ls ,slk LFkku vfHkizsr gS] tgk¡ turk izos”k dj ldrh gS vkSj bleas fuEufyf[kr LFkku lfEefyr gksaxs& ¼,d½ lkoZtfud Hkou] Lekjd vkSj mudh ifjlhek,a( vkSj ¼nks½ dksbZ ,slk LFkku tks turk dks ikuh izkIr djus] /kksus] Luku djus ;k euksjatu ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, lqyHk gks( ¼u½ ^^fofu;e^^ ls bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk;s x;s fofu;e vfHkizsr gS( ¼i½ ^^jktLo iqfyl {ks=^^ ls bl :i eas fo|eku vFkok jktLo iqfyl {ks= ds :i eas vf/klwfpr fd;k x;k {ks= vfHkizsr gS( ¼Q½ ^^jktLo iqfyl iz.kkyh^^ ls jktLo iqfyl {ks= eas fo|eku iqfyl dh dk;Z iz.kkyh vfHkizsr gS( ¼c½ ^^fu;e^^ ls bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu cuk;s x;s fu;e vfHkizsr gS( ¼Hk½ ^^lsok^^ ls bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu xfBr iqfyl lsok vfHkizsr gS( ¼e½ ^^v/khuLFk in^^ ls lgk;d vFkok mi iqfyl v/kh{kd ds fuEu Lrj ds in vfHkizsr gS( ¼;½ ^^iqfyl v/kh{kd^^ ls iqfyl ftyk dk izHkkjh iqfyl vf/kdkjh ,oa lerqY; in ds iqfyl vf/kdkjh vfHkizsr gS( ¼j½ ^^vkradoknh xfrfof/k^^ ls lekt ;k mlds fdlh Hkkx eas vkrad QSykus ds mn~ns”; vkSj fof/k }kjk LFkkfir ljdkj dks vR;f/kd Hk;Hkhr djus ds vk”k; ls foLQksVdksa ;k Toyu”khy inkFkkZsa ;k vkXus;L=ksa ;k vU; ?kkrd “kL=ksa ;k fo’kSyh xSlkas ;k vU; jlk;uksa ;k ifjladVe; izd`fr ds inkFkkZsa ds mi;ksx }kjk fdlh O;fDRk ;k lewg dh dksbZ xfrfof/k vfHkizsr gS( ¼y½ ^^ihfM+r^^ ls ,slk O;fDr vfHkizsr gS] ftldks O;fDrxr vFkok lkewfgd :i ls vkijkf/kd vigkfu] ftleas “kkjhfjd vFkok ekufld {kfr] HkkoukRed ihM+k] vkfFkZd gkfu vFkok muds ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa dks i;kZIr :i ls gkfu igq¡ph gks rFkk bleas mRrjk[k.M eas ykxw fof/k;k¡ ,ao mudk mYya?ku Hkh lfEefyr gS( --------------------- 1& mRrjk[k.M vf/kfu;e la[;k 27 o’kZ 2018 dh /kkjk 2 }kjk ¼Fk½ izLrkforA ¼o½ ^^lk{kh^^ ls ,slk O;fDr vfHkizsr gS%& ¼d½ ftlus fdlh vijk/k ds lECkU/k eas tSlk fofgr fd;k tk,] c;ku fn;k gS ;k lk{; fn;k gS ;k nsus dk lger gks x;k gS( ¼[k½ mijksDr [k.M ¼d½ eas fufnZ’V O;fDr ds lg;ksxh vFkok lEcU/kh }kjk bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu laj{k.k vFkok vU; lgk;rk visf{kr gks ldrh gS( ;k ¼x½ fdlh vU; dkj.k ls bl vf/kfu;e ds v/khu laj{k.k vFkok vU; lgk;rk dh vis{kk djsA fVIi.kh %& ,sls “kCnksa vkSj inksa dk] ftudk bl vf/kfu;e esa iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS] fdUrq ftUgsa fo”ks’k :Ik ls ifjHkkf’kr ugha fd;k x;k gS] ogh vFkZ gksxk] tks n.M izfdz;k lafgrk] 1973 rFkk Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk] 1860 esa fn;k x;k gSA v/;k;&nks iqfyl cy dk xBu ,oa laxBu jkT; ds fy, ,d 3- ¼1½ jkT; ds fy, ,d iqfyl cy gksxkA iqfyl cy dk xBu ¼2½ iqfyl cy eass ,sls in] lnL; rFkk ,slk@,sls laxBu gksaxs tks lk/kkj.k vkSj fo”ks’k vkns”kksa }kjk jkT; ljdkj fofgr djsA ¼3½ jkT; ljdkj ds lexz fu;a=.k ds v/;/khu jkT; ds iqfyl cy dk iz”kklu iqfyl egkfuns”kd eas fufgr jgsxkA iqfyl jsat 4- ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj vf/klwpuk }kjk jkT; dks ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd iqfyl jast eas foHkkftr dj ldsxhA ¼2½ iqfyl jast eas iqfyl cy dk iz”kklu ,d vf/kdkjh eas fufgr gksxk] ftldk in iqfyl mi egkfujh{kd ds Lrj ls fuEu ugha gksxkA iqfyl ftyk 5- ftyk eftLVªsV dh LFkkuh; vf/kdkfjrk eas iqfyl ftyk dk iz”kklu ftyk eftLVªsV ds lkekU; leUo; rFkk lkekU; funsZ”ku eas iqfyl v/kh{kd eas fufgr gksxkA ftyk Lrjh; fo”ks’k 6- fdlh fo”ks’k Js.kh ds vijk/k ij dk;Zokgh djus ;k vijk/k ls ihfM+r O;fDr lfgr izdks’B leqnk; dks vkerkSj ij csgrj lsok iznku djus ds iz;kstu ls jkT; ljdkj fdlh iqfyl ftys eas ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd fo”ks’k izdks’B l`ftr dj ldsxhA iqfyl Fkkus 7- ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk] pkSfd;ksa lfgr ;k muds fcuk iqfyl Fkkus l`ftr djsxhA ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk] o`Rr vf/klwfpr djsxh vkSj ,d o`Rr eas U;wure nks Fkkus gksaxsA ¼3½ Fkkus dk iz/kku izHkkjh vf/kdkjh gksxk] ftldk in iqfyl mifujh{kd ds Lrj ls fuEu ugha gksxkA jktLo iqfyl {ks= 8- jktLo iqfyl iz.kkyh ds v/khu fdlh ftys dk ,slk {ks= gksxk] ftls le;≤ ij ljdkj }kjk vo/kkfjr fd;k tk,A jsyos iqfyLk 9- ¼1½ bl vf/kfu;e eas fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] jkT; ljdkj] jkti= eas vf/klwpuk ds ek/;e ls] jkT; eas ,sls jsy {ks=ksa dks lfEefyr djrs gq,] tks fofufnZ’V fd;s tk;a] iqfyl v/kh{kd ds v/khu ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd jsyos iqfyl ftys l`ftr dj ldrh gSA ¼2½ jkT; ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk ,d jssyos iqfyl ftys dks lgk;d@mi iqfyl v/kh{kd ds Lrj ds vf/kdkjh ds v/khu ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd o`Rrksa eas foHkkftr dj ldsxhA ¼3½ jkT; ljdkj] vf/klwpuk }kjk] fdlh jsyos iqfyl ftys eas ,d vf/kdkjh ds v/khu] ftldk in iqfyl mi fujh{kd ds Lrj ls fuEu ugha gksxk] ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd Fkkus l`ftr dj ldsxhA jkT; vfHklwpuk 10- jkT; ljdkj] lk/kkj.k ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k }kjk] vfHklwpuk ds laxzg] lekdyu] fo”ys’k.k foHkkx vkSj izlkj ds fy, jkT; vfHklwpuk foHkkx l`ftr dj ldrh gSA jkT; vijk/k vUos’k.k 11- jkT; ljdkj] foHkkx lk/kkj.k vFkok fo”ks’k vkns”k }kjk] fofufnZ’V vijk/kksa ds vUos’k.k gsrq ;k tSalk iqfyl egkfuns”kd vkSj@;k jkT; ljdkj }kjk funs”k fn;k tk,] vijk/k vUos’k.k foHkkx l`ftr dj ldrh gSA fof”k’V iqfyl bdkbZ;k¡ 12- bl vf/kfu;e ;k rRle; izo`Ùk fdlh vU; fof/k eas fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh%& ¼1½ jkT; ljdkj] lk/kkj.k ;k fo”ks’k vkns”k }kjk] fof”k’V iqfyl cy dk fuekZ.k] la[;k] d`R;] mÙkjnkf;Ro Hkh vo/kkfjr dj ldsxhA ¼2½ fof”k’V iqfyl cy eas ,slk iz”kklfud <kapk vkSj inkuqdze gksxk] tSlk fofgr fd;k tk,A ¼3½ fof”k’V iqfyl cy ds dÙkZO;] mÙkjnkf;Ro] “kfDr;k¡ vkSj fo”ks’kkf/kdkj ,sls gksaxs] tSals jkT; ljdkj }kjk fofgr fd, tk,aA ¼4½ jkT; ljdkj] lk/kkj.k vFkok fo”ks’k vkns”k }kjk] ,sls fof”k’V iqfyl cy dks Hkax dj ldrh gS vFkok ;qfDr laxr cuk ldrh gSA ftyk l”kL= fjtoZ 13- fof/k ds izorZu vkSj O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kus ;k ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa