[This page is left intentionally blank] ii iii Government of Kenya Kenya Meteorological Department Garissa County Climate Information Service Plan June 2018 Prepared by: Kenya Meteorological Department P. O. Box 30259 - 00100, GPO Nairobi Kenya With UK Met Office Fitzroy Road, Exeter United Kingdom EX1 3PB iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to acknowledge the support of Ada Consortium (UK Met Office, Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD), Womankind Kenya, IIED and National Drought Management (NDMA)), the National Government agencies, County Government of Garissa including Climate Information Services Technical Committee and the Public Beneficiary Organizations (PBOs) for the support towards realizing this framework. The communities of Garissa County also played a very important role in helping determine which climate services are most relevant to their livelihoods and communication channels most appropriate. Our appreciation also goes to the framework development Task Team from KMD (Samuel Mwangi, Roselyn Ojala, Ayub Shaka, Denis Cheruiyot, Benard Chanzu, Daniel Wanjuhi-CDM Wajir, William Ndegwa-CDM Kitui, Samuel Odhiambo-CDM Garissa, Ezekiel Muigai-CDM Isiolo, and David Mutua-CDM Makueni); the Ada Secretariat (Victor Orindi, Yazan Elhadi and Jane Kiiru) and the Ada Consultants (Emma Visman, Robert Powell and Dominic Kniveton) and many others. v Kenya Meteorological Department Garissa County Climate Information Services Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES IX LIST OF ANNEXES X ACRONYMS XI 1.0 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Roles and Responsibilities of County Meteorological Office 3 1.3 Summary of Relevant Policies and Plans 4 1.4 Context 5 1.4.1 Natural Resources 7 1.4.2 Economic Activities and Food Security 9 1.4.3 Population 14 1.5 Overview of Garissa County Climate 17 2. FRAMEWORK FOR PROVISION OF CLIMATE SERVICES 21 2.1 Goals and Objectives 21 2.2 Principles 22 2.2.1 Principle 1- Provision of Reliable and Probabilistic Climate Information 22 2.2.2 Principle 2- Relevance of Climate Information to Users’ Needs and Consideration Gender-Sensitivity 23 2.2.3 Principle 3- Accessibility of Climate Information 23 2.2.4 Principle 4 - Foster Increased Trust 24 2.2.5 Principle 5 - Support Increased Understanding 24 2.3 Existing and Planned CIS Initiatives and Projects 24 3. OBSERVATION AND DATA 26 3.1 The Existing Observations Network 26 3.2 Future Plans for Observations Network 28 3.3 Maintenance Plan for Observations Network 30 3.4 Management of Non KMD Observations 30 3.5 Role of Community Climate Monitors 30 3.6 Data Discovery and Rescue 31 4. PROVISION OF CLIMATE INFORMATION SERVICES 32 4.1 Existing Weather and Climate Products 32 4.2 Proposed Product Development 32 4.3 Approaches to Making Information Locally Relevant 33 4.4 Technical Downscalling 33 4.5 Presentation and Language 34 4.6 Detailed Description of Products as Required 34 4.6.1 The seasonal forecast 34 4.6.2 Monthly Forecast 34 vi Kenya Meteorological Department Garissa County Climate Information Services Plan 4.6.3 Weekly Forecast 34 4.6.4 Daily Forecast 35 4.6.5 Downscaled Forecasts 35 4.6.6 Early Warning and Alerts 35 4.6.7 Climatological Normals and Trends 36 4.6.8 Climate Change Projections 36 4.6.9 Air Pollution Monitoring 37 5. COMMUNICATION OF CLIMATE INFORMATION SERVICES 38 5.1 Electronic Media 38 5.2 Print Media 38 5.3 Information Communication Technology (ICT) Platforms 38 5.4 CIS Intermediaries 39 5.5 County Climate Outlook Fora/Workshops (CCOF) 39 5.6 Improving capacity of communities 40 5.7 Learning institutions (Universities, Primary and Secondary Schools) 40 6. PLANNING AND BUDGETING 41 7. MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING 43 7.1 Monitoring Approach 43 7.2 Evaluation 44 7.3 Reporting 44 ANNEXES 45 ANNEX 1: GARISSA COUNTY CIS PLAN BUDGET 45 ANNEX 2: ONGOING INITIATIVES TO STRENGThEN WEAThER AND CLIMATE INFORMATION SERVICES IN GARISSA COUNTY 50 ANNEX 3: ADA CIS AND CCCF PROJECT ACTIVITIES IN GARISSA 50 ANNEX 4: LEVELS OF DECISION MAKING 51 ANNEX 5: OBSERVATIONS INVENTORY 52 ANNEX 6: STATE OF RAINFALL STATIONS PER DIVISION IN SUB-COUNTIES WIThIN GARISSA COUNTY ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. ANNEX 7: AUTOMATIC WEAThER STATIONS INVENTORY 55 ANNEX 8: DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCT & RESPECTIVE COMMUNICATION CHANNELS 56 ANNEX 9: GARISSA COUNTY M & E LOG FRAME FOR CIS PLAN 58 vii Kenya Meteorological Department Garissa County Climate Information Services Plan TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Garissa County Map Showing Livelihood Zones ......................................................... 2 Figure 2: Location and Size of Garissa County ............................................................................. 5 Figure 3: Garissa County Topographic Map.................................................................................. 7 Figure 4: Bour – Algy Giraffe Sanctuary ........................................................................................ 8 Figure 6: Cattle in Bura ..................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 5: Camels in Modogashe ...................................................................................................... 9 Figure 7: Sheep and goats in Shantabak ...................................................................................... 10 Figure 8: Paw paw at Kone Farm .................................................................................................. 11 Figure 9: Water Melon in Bura Farm ............................................................................................ 11 Figure 10: Banana in Kone Farm ................................................................................................... 11 Figure 12: Tomatoes in Bura Farm ............................................................................................... 11 Figure 11: Mango in Bura Farm ..................................................................................................... 11 Figure 13: Garissa County Livelihood Zones ............................................................................. 13 Figure 14: Garissa County Population Size and Composition................................................. 14 Figure 16: Garissa County Climatic Zones .................................................................................. 18 Figure 18: Garissa County Mean October-November-December (OND) Season Rainfall ............................................................................................................................................................. 19 Figure 17: Garissa County Mean March- April -May (MAM) Season Rainfall...................... 19 Figure 19: October – November – December 2017 Short Rains Season Forecast for Garissa County ................................................................................................................................. 19 Figure 19: October – November – December 2017 Short Rains Season Forecast for Garissa County ............................................................................................................. 19 Figure 20: Monthly Mean Rainfall Garissa Meteorological Station ......................................... 20 Figure 21: Automatic Weather Station at Bura hospital .............................................................. 26 Figure 22: Rainfall Station Inspection at Bura Police Station ................................................... 26 Figure 23a: Current Garissa County Observation Networks ................................................... 27 Figure 23b: Map showing Current Garissa County Observation Networks ......................... 28 Figure 24: Proposed 40 by 40 km Distribution of weather observatories for Garissa County ........................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 25: Community Rain-gauge Installation at Kone Primary School and Nanighi Chiefs Office ............................................................................................................................. 30 viii Kenya Meteorological Department Garissa County Climate Information Services Plan LIST OF TABLES Table 1: County Electoral Wards by Constituencies ................................................................... 6 Table 2: County Electoral Wards by Constituencies ................................................................. 12 Table 3: Administrative Units And Population Per Sub County And Divisions Population Per Livelihood ............................................................................................... 15 Table 4: Population by Livelihood ................................................................................................. 16 Table 4: Population by Livelihood ................................................................................................. 16 Table 5: Climatological Normals for Garissa Meteorological Station ...................................... 17 Table 6: Summary Budget for GCCISP......................................................................................... 41 Table 7: Optimum human Resource for County Meteorological Office ............................... 42 Table 8: Optimum human Resource for County Meteorological Office ............................... 42 Table 9: Evaluation Stages of GCCISP ......................................................................................... 44 ix Kenya Meteorological Department Garissa County Climate Information Services Plan LIST OF ANNEXES Annex