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Wound meets wound in the counselling room Patricia Mary Bond In fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Edinburgh 2017 Contents Declaration ........................................................................................................................... i Contents ..............................................................................................................................ii Table of Figures ................................................................................................................. vi Commonly used Abbreviations ......................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ..........................................................................................................viii Abstract .............................................................................................................................. ix Lay Summary ..................................................................................................................... xi SECTION I: PREPARATION ............................................................................................... 1 Preface ................................................................................................................................ 2 Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................ 3 1.1. Hitting the mark or missing the point.................................................................. 3 1.2. The topic and its relevance ................................................................................. 5 1.3. Wheels within wheels – the counsellor/researcher .............................................. 9 Chapter 2. Literature review ................................................................................... 11 2.1. Trauma .............................................................................................................. 11 2.1.1. Understandings of Trauma ........................................................................ 13 2.2. The therapeutic relationship .............................................................................. 26 2.2.1. Classical psychoanalysis ............................................................................ 26 2.2.2. Rogers and humanistic modalities ............................................................. 27 2.2.3. Post-Freudian developments in psychoanalysis ......................................... 29 2.2.4. Relationship vs alliance ............................................................................. 30 2.2.5. Unconscious and conscious interactions in the counselling dyad. ............. 31 2.3. The Wounded Healer ........................................................................................ 34 2.3.1. Different research approaches ................................................................... 36 2.3.2. Relatedness to clients: countertransference and other reactions................. 39 2.3.3. Sense of self. ............................................................................................. 42 2.3.4. Two-way interaction .................................................................................. 44 2.3.5. Societal context. ........................................................................................ 45 2.4. Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 48 ii Chapter 3. Research Approach .......................................................................................... 49 3.1. Finding a way to answer the research question. ................................................ 49 3.2. Philosophical considerations – ontology, epistemology and methodology ....... 49 3.3. Methodological approaches .............................................................................. 58 3.3.1. Phenomenology ......................................................................................... 58 3.3.2. Bricolage ................................................................................................... 59 Chapter 4. Method ............................................................................................................ 63 4.1. Ethics, recruitment and interviewing ................................................................ 64 4.2. Positioning as researcher/interviewer................................................................ 66 4.2.1. Researcher reflexivity ................................................................................ 68 4.2.2. Autobiography ........................................................................................... 68 4.3. Data Analysis 1. Organising the material ......................................................... 69 4.4. Data Analysis 2. Writing as Research .............................................................. 72 4.4.1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 72 4.4.2. Exploring the phenomenon through writing .............................................. 73 SECTION II: EXPLORATION ........................................................................................... 79 Promenade to Chapter 5 .................................................................................................... 80 Chapter 5. Pat .................................................................................................................... 81 5.1. Vignette ............................................................................................................ 81 5.2. Dialogue between Pat's remembering and reflecting selves .............................. 82 Promenade to Chapter 6 .................................................................................................... 99 Chapter 6. Helen ............................................................................................................. 101 6.1. Vignette .......................................................................................................... 101 6.2. The Conversation ............................................................................................ 103 Promenade to Chapter 7 .................................................................................................. 121 Chapter 7. Jane ................................................................................................................ 122 7.1. Vignette .......................................................................................................... 122 7.2. The Conversation ............................................................................................ 125 Promenade to Chapter 8 .................................................................................................. 143 Chapter 8. Morag ............................................................................................................ 144 8.1. Vignette .......................................................................................................... 144 8.2. The Conversation ............................................................................................ 145 Promenade to Chapter 9 .................................................................................................. 161 iii Chapter 9. Paul ................................................................................................................ 162 9.1. Preamble ......................................................................................................... 162 9.2. Vignette .......................................................................................................... 162 9.3. The Conversation ............................................................................................ 164 9.4. Postscript ........................................................................................................ 180 Promenade to Chapter 10 ................................................................................................ 181 Chapter 10. Lizzie ........................................................................................................... 182 10.1. Vignette .......................................................................................................... 182 10.2. The Conversation ............................................................................................ 184 Promenade to Chapter 11 ...............................................................................................