IPP 486 Public Disclosure Authorized New Construction Project of Jilin- Hunchun Railway Public Disclosure Authorized Social Assessment & Minority Development Plan Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by: Western Development and Research Center of Minzu University of China Chinese Minorities Research Center, Minzu University of China Beijing · February 2011 Public Disclosure Authorized CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................................4 1. TASKS, INVESTIGATION METHODS AND PROCESS .....................................................................8 1.1 TASKS AND BASIS ..........................................................................................................................................8 1.1.1 Tasks.........................................................................................................................................................8 1.1.2 Basis..........................................................................................................................................................8 1.2 COMPETENCE IN ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................................................9 1.3 INVESTIGATION AND RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCESS .................................................................12 1.3.1 Location selection and methods of typical-case investigation........................................................................12 1.3.2 Ethnic Minority Screening........................................................................................................................29 1.3.3 Supplementary Investigation......................................................................................................................30 1.3.4 Additional Remarks to the Investigation & Acknowledgement .................................................................30 2. SCREENING AND RELATED POLICY REVIEW OF MINORITY ......................................................................32 2.1 OBJECTIVES AND NECESSITIES OF MINORITY SCREENING .................................................................32 2.2 APPROACHES, PROCEDURE AND BASIC CONCLUSION OF SCREENING...............................................32 2.3 IDENTIFICATION AND MEANING OF MINORITY ALONG THE LINE IN THIS PROJECT......................38 2.3.1 Identification of Chinese Nationalities and Meaning of “Minority” .........................................................38 2.3.2 Identification of Ethnic Groups along the Line of the Project and the Meaning of “Minorities” ...............39 2.4 POLICIES AND REGULATIONS TOWARDS CHINESE NATIONALITIES ...................................................40 2.5 DEFINITION OF “MINORITIES” IN THE POLICIES OF THE WORLD BANK..........................................41 2.6 COMPARISON OF “MINORITY” UNDER TWO DIFFERENT POLICY FRAMEWORKS OF CHINA AND THE WORLD BANK............................................................................................................................................42 2.7 CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................................44 3. LAND SYSTEM....................................................................................................................................................46 3.1 BASIC STATE LAND SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................46 3.2 RURAL LAND SYSTEM.................................................................................................................................48 3.3 LAND SYSTEM IN THE PROJECT AREA .....................................................................................................49 3.4 CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................................50 4. MINORITY ..........................................................................................................................................................51 4.1 GENERAL SITUATION OF MINORITY........................................................................................................51 4.1.1 General Situation of Minority in Jilin Province........................................................................................51 4.1.2 General Situation of Minority along the Line of Project...........................................................................51 4.2 RURAL RESOURCES CONDITION AND LIVELIHOOD MEANS OF RESIDENTS IN PROJECT AREA.....52 4.2.1 General Resources Situation .....................................................................................................................52 4.2.2 General Situation of Resources along the Line of the Project ....................................................................53 4.3 LIVELIHOOD MEANS OF RESIDENTS ALONG THE LINE OF THE PROJECT.........................................54 4.4 SOCIAL CULTURE AND LIVELIHOOD OF KOREAN NATIONALITY.......................................................56 4.4.1 General Situation of Korean Nationality .................................................................................................56 4.4.2 Livelihood Means of Korean Nationality in the Project Area...................................................................58 4.5 NATIONAL RELATION AND INTER-NATIONALITY RELATION COMPARISON IN THE PROJECT AREA59 4.6 THE GUARANTEE OF THE RIGHT OF PARTICIPATION AND KNOW OF MINORITY IN THE PROJECT 1 AREA ...................................................................................................................................................................60 4.7 CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................................61 5. POVERTY AND SOCIAL GENDER.....................................................................................................................62 5.1 POVERTY SITUATION IN THE PROJECT AREA .........................................................................................62 5.1.1 General situation......................................................................................................................................62 5.1.2 Reasons for Poverty and Salvation Methods ..............................................................................................64 5.2 RELEVANCE OF POVERTY-STRICKEN NATIONALITIES ..........................................................................64 5.3 WOMEN ........................................................................................................................................................65 5.3.1 Quality of Women and Tradition Labour Division..................................................................................65 5.3.2 The Project and Women ...........................................................................................................................65 5.4 CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................................66 6. PROJECT IMPACT AND RESIDENTS ATTITUDE IN THE PROJECT AREA......................................................67 6.1 RESIDENT’S ATTITUDE SURVEY AND SUPPORT SHOW ..........................................................................67 6.2 ATTITUDE OF VILLAGE RESIDENTS OF MINORITIES.............................................................................69 6.3 JUDGMENT OF RESIDENTS ON PROJECT BENEFIT.................................................................................73 6.4 JUDGMENT OF RESIDENTS ON NEGATIVE IMPACT OF THE PROJECT .................................................74 6.5 ANALYSIS ON INTERRACIAL EFFECT OF PROJECT IMPACT ...................................................................76 6.6 SPECIFIC COMMENTS AND SUGGESTION RAISED BY THE RESIDENTS ON THE PROJECT ................77 6.7 SUGGESTION OF THE CONSIGNEE ...........................................................................................................78 6.7.1 Concerning Land Expropriation Compensation........................................................................................78 6.7.2 Concerning Demolition and Resettlement...................................................................................................78 6.7.3 Concerning Construction Design ...............................................................................................................79 6.7.4 Concerning Project Construction ...............................................................................................................79 6.7.5 Other Suggestions Benefit the Residents in the Project Area.......................................................................80 6.7.6 A Number of Specific Suggestions Concerning the Residents of Korean Nationality in the Project............80 6.7.7 Concerning Guarantee of the Right to Know of the Residents in the Project ..............................................81 6.8 CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................................81 7. STAKEHOLDERS.................................................................................................................................................83