Ugaritic Paradigms for both verbal and non-verbal forms Compiled by Joshua L. Harper Fall 2008 Based on information from: Daniel Sivan, A Grammar of the Ugaritic Language (HdO 1:28; Atlanta: SBL, 2001) William M. Schniedewind and Joel H. Hunt, A Primer on Ugaritic: Language, Culture and Literature (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007) and course materials produced by Meredith M. Kline Noun Paradigms Masculine Feminine Singular Unbound Bound Singular Unbound Bound Nom mlk malku mlk malku Nom mlkt malkatu mlkt malkatu Gen mlk malki mlk malki Gen mlkt malkati mlkt malkati Acc mlk malka mlk malka Acc mlkt malkata mlkt malkata Dual Dual Nom mlkm malkāmi mlk malkā Nom mlktm malkatāmi mlkt malkatā Obl mlkm malkēmi mlk malkē Obl mlktm malkatēmi mlkt malkatē Plural Plural Nom mlkm malkūma mlk malkū Nom mlkt malkātu mlkt malkātu Obl mlkm malkīma mlk malkī Obl mlkt malkāti mlkt malkāti Independent Pronouns 3ms hw huwa 3cd hm humā 3mp hm hum(ū) Independent Oblique 3fs hy hiya 3fp hn hin(ā) 3ms hwt huwāti 2ms at ʾatta 2cd atm ʾattumā 2mp atm ʾattum(ū) 3fs hyt hiyāti 2fs at ʾatti 1cs ank ʾanāku 3cd hmt humāti an ʾanā 3mp hmt humūti Pronoun Suffixes 3ms -h/n/nh/nn -hu 3cd -hm -humā 3mp -hm -hum(ū) 3fs -h/n/nh/nn -ha 3fp -hn -hun(ā) 2ms -k -ka 2cd -km -kumā 2mp -km -kumū (?) 2fs -k -ki 2fp -kn -kun(ā) 1cs NOM -ø -ī 1cd -ny -nayā 1cp -n -ni/-na (?) OBL -y -ya VBL -n -nī Other Pronouns Determinative-Relative Interrogatives Indefinite ms d dū/dī/dā my mīyu/i/a “who(m)” mnk mīnuku “whatever, fs dt dātu/dāti/dāta mh mahu/i/a “what” mnkm mīnukumu}{ whoever, any- mp dt dūtu/dūti (?) mn mannu/i/a mnm mīnuma one, whichever” fp dt dūtu/dūti (?) or: mīnu/i/a “which” kl kullu/i/a “all, every” klkl kulkullu “every, all” ay ʾayyu “which, any” Demonstratives hnd hānādū (hannadū) “this” hnk hānāka (masc) “that” hnkt hānākata (fem) “that” Cardinal Numbers Feminine Masculine 1 aḥt ʾaḥ(ḥ)attu aḥd ʾaḥ(ḥ)adu Tens and Greater - Common 2 ṯt ṯittā/ṯittê ṯn ṯinā/ṯinê 20 ʿšrm ʿašrāma/i 3 ṯlṯ ṯalāṯu ṯlṯt ṯalāṯatu 30 ṯlṯm ṯalāṯūma 4 arbʿ ʾarbaʿu arbʿt ʾarbaʿatu 40 arbʿm ʾarbaʿūma 5 ḫmš ḫamišu ḫmšt ḫamišatu 50 ḫmšm ḫamišūma 6 ṯṯ ṯīṯṯu ṯṯt ṯīṯṯatu 60 ṯṯm ṯīṯṯūma 7 šbʿ šabʿu šbʿt šabʿatu 70 šbʿm šabʿūma 8 ṯmn ṯamānû ṯmnt ṯamānîtu 80 ṯmnym ṯamāniyūma 9 ṯšʿ ṯišʿu ṯšʿt ṯišʿatu 90 ṯšʿm ṯišʿūma 10 ʿšr ʿašaru ʿšrt ʿašaratu 100 mit miʾtu 11 ʿšt ʿšr ʿaštê ʿašaru ʿšt ʿšr/ʿšrh ʿaštê ʿašaru/ʿišrêh 200 mitm miʾtāma/i 12 ṯt ʿšr ṯittā ʿašaru ṯn ʿšr/h ṯinā ʿašaru/ʿišrêh 300 ṯlṯ mat ṯalāṯ(u) miʾātu/i ṯn ʿšrt ṯinā ʿašaratu 1000 alp ʾalpu 13 ṯlṯ ʿšr ṯalāṯu ʿašaru ṯlṯ ʿšr/h ṯalāṯu ʿašaru/ʿišrêh 2000 alpm ʾalpāma/i ṯlṯt ʿšrt ṯalāṯatu ʿašaratu 3000 ṯlṯ alpm ṯalāṯ(u) ʾal(a)pūma 53 ḫmšm ṯlṯ ḫamišūma ṯalāṯu 10000 rbtm ribbatu 37 ṯlṯm w šbʿ ṯalāṯūma wa šabʿu 20000 rbtm ribbatāma/i 122 mit ʿšrm ṯn miʾtu ʿašrāma ṯinā 30000 ṯlṯ rbbt ṯalāṯ(u) ribabātu Prepositions and Particles before לִפְנֵ י directional lpn lepani ־◌ָ ה or -h -ah אוֹ u ʾu id ʾida when, after hlm halumma here -m -ama/i on noun > adverb after, behind hlny hallinīya here -m -ma emphatic suff. on אַחֲרֵ י aḫr ʾaḫra/ê if/or nouns or vbl. forms אִ ם (how? hm him(ma אַ יִ ik ʾêka ?why מַ דּוַּ behold mdʿ madduʿa \הֵ ן הִ נֵּ ה where? hn hinnī אֵ י Iy ʾiyyi after impv א־נָ to, toward ht hitta now mʿ maʿ אַ ל al ʾal up to, until ַ ד and ʿd ʿadi/ê וְ an ʾan where? w wa upon, over ֶ ל/ ַ ל there isn’t y yā vocative marker ʿl ʿalê אַ יִן in ʾêna with ִ ם also yd yada with ʿm ʿimma אַ ף ap ʾappa now ַתָּ ה like, as, while ʿnt ʿanata כְּ k ki ( אִ יתַ י BA) יֵשׁ iṯ ʾiṯê aṯr ʾaṯra after k- kî- emphatic before verbs p pa then, and ( קֳדָ ם in, with, by, etc. kbd kabida midst of qdm qudāma before (BA בְּ b bi to, for, etc. qrb qirbu/a midst of לְ bd bādi from the hands of l le under, beneath תַּחַ ת no, not tḥt taḥtu/a לֹא bl bal negates noun clauses l la ( תּוֹ) or vocative marker tk tôku/a inside, middle לוּ between l lu בֵּ ין bn bēna there שָׁמָּ ה why? ṯm ṯamma לָמָּ ה bʿd baʿda behind/after lm lamma The Strong Verb:111 QṬL G Stem Perfect/Suffix Conjugation Singular Dual Plural 3m qṭl qaṭala qṭl qaṭalā qṭl qaṭalū 3f qṭlt qaṭalat qṭlt qaṭal(a)tā qṭl qaṭalā 2m qṭlt qaṭalta qṭltm qaṭaltumā qṭltm qaṭaltum(ū) Imperative 444 2f qṭlt qaṭalti qṭltm qaṭaltumā qṭltn qaṭaltunā ms qṭl quṭul/ quṭla 1c qṭlt qaṭaltu (?) qṭlny qaṭalniyā qṭln qaṭalnū fs qṭl quṭulī dual qṭl quṭulā Preterite/Jussive/Short Prefix Conjugation mp qṭl quṭulū Singular Dual Plural 3m yqṭl yaqṭul y/tqṭl y/taqṭulā tqṭl taqṭulū 3f tqṭl taqṭul tqṭl taqṭulā tqṭln taqṭulna Active Participle 2m tqṭl taqṭul tqṭl taqṭulā tqṭl taqṭulū ms qṭl qāṭilu 2f tqṭl taqṭulī tqṭl taqṭulā tqṭln taqṭulna fs qṭlt qāṭilatu 1c aqṭl ʾaqṭul nqṭl naqṭulā nqṭl naqṭul mp qṭlm qāṭilūma fp qṭlt qāṭilātu 222 Imperfect/Prefix Conjugation Singular Dual Plural 3m yqṭl yaqṭulu y/tqṭln y/taqṭulāni tqṭln taqṭulūna Passive Participle 555 3f tqṭl taqṭulu tqṭln taqṭulāni tqṭln taqṭulnā ms qṭl qaṭūlu 2m tqṭl taqṭulu tqṭln taqṭulāni tqṭln taqṭulūna fs qṭlt qaṭūlatu 2f tqṭln taqṭulīna tqṭln taqṭulāni tqṭln taqṭulnā mp qṭlm qaṭūlūma 1c aqṭl ʾaqṭulu nqṭln naqṭulāni nqṭl naqṭulu fp qṭlt qaṭūlātu 333 Volitive/Extended Short Prefix Conjugation Singular Dual Plural Infinitive 666 3m yqṭl yaqṭula y/tqṭl y/taqṭulā tqṭl taqṭulū qṭl qaṭālu 3f tqṭl taqṭula tqṭl taqṭulā tqṭln taqṭulna 2m tqṭl taqṭula tqṭl taqṭulā tqṭl taqṭulū 2f tqṭl taqṭulī tqṭl taqṭulā tqṭln taqṭulna 4 The vowel is the theme vowel 1c aqṭl ʾaqṭula nqṭl naqṭulā nqṭl naqṭula of the Imperfect/Prefix Conju- gation, doubled. The second may be apocopated. 5 Uncertain vocalization; this is 1 This also includes all I-Guttural verbs, which are strong in Ugaritic. on the BH pattern. 2 6 Any Short form ending in C 3 gets -u; in long V gets -na , except Dual -ni ; fp -na If in bound relationship, then lengthened. Infinitive Construct; if unbound, 3 Any Short form ending in C 3 gets -a. then Infinitive Absolute. Strong: N Stem Perfect/Suffix Conjugation Singular Dual Plural 3m nqṭl naqṭala nqṭl naqṭalā nqṭl naqṭalū 3f nqṭlt naqṭalat nqṭlt naqṭal(a)tā nqṭl naqṭalā 333 2m nqṭlt naqṭalta nqṭltm naqṭaltumā nqṭltm naqṭaltum(ū) Imperative 2f nqṭlt naqṭalti nqṭltm naqṭaltumā nqṭltn naqṭaltunā 1c nqṭlt naqṭaltu (?) nqṭlny naqṭalniyā nqṭln naqṭalnū Preterite/Jussive/Short Prefix Conjugation Singular Dual Plural 3m yqṭl yiqqaṭil y/tqṭl y/tiqqaṭilā tqṭl tiqqaṭilū 3f tqṭl tiqqaṭil tqṭl tiqqaṭilā tqṭln tiqqaṭilna 444 2m tqṭl tiqqaṭil tqṭl tiqqaṭilā tqṭl tiqqaṭilū Participle 2f tqṭl tiqqaṭilī tqṭl tiqqaṭilā tqṭln tiqqaṭilna ms nqṭl naqṭalu 1c iqṭl ʾiqqaṭil nqṭl niqqaṭilā nqṭl niqqaṭil fs nqṭlt naqṭalatu mp nqṭlm naqṭalūma Imperfect/Prefix Conjugation 111 fp nqṭlt naqṭalātu Singular Dual Plural 3m yqṭl yiqqaṭilu y/tqṭln y/tiqqaṭilāni tqṭln tiqqaṭilūna 3f tqṭl tiqqaṭilu tqṭln tiqqaṭilāni tqṭln tiqqaṭilnā 555 2m tqṭl tiqqaṭilu tqṭln tiqqaṭilāni tqṭln tiqqaṭilūna Infinitive 2f tqṭln tiqqaṭilīna tqṭln tiqqaṭilāni tqṭln tiqqaṭilnā nqṭl naqṭalu 1c iqṭl ʾiqqaṭilu nqṭln niqqaṭilāni nqṭl niqqaṭilu Volitive/Extended Short Prefix Conjugation 222 Singular Dual Plural 3m yqṭl yiqqaṭila y/tqṭl y/tiqqaṭilā tqṭl tiqqaṭilū 3f tqṭl tiqqaṭila tqṭl tiqqaṭilā tqṭln tiqqaṭilna 2m tqṭl tiqqaṭila tqṭl tiqqaṭilā tqṭl tiqqaṭilū 2f tqṭl tiqqaṭilī tqṭl tiqqaṭilā tqṭln tiqqaṭilna 3 There are no attestations for 1c iqṭl ʾiqqaṭila nqṭl niqqaṭilā nqṭl niqqaṭila the Imperative; the Jussive is used instead. The pattern would presumably be nqṭl naqṭil , but the last vowel is questionable. 4 Very rare. 5 The final a may be long. If in 1 Any Short form ending in C 3 gets -u; in long V gets -na , except Dual -ni ; fp -na bound relationship, then Infi- lengthened. nitive Construct; if unbound, 2 Any Short form ending in C 3 gets -a. then Infinitive Absolute. Strong: D Stem Perfect/Suffix Conjugation Singular Dual Plural 3m qṭl qaṭṭila qṭl qaṭṭilā qṭl qaṭṭilū 3f qṭlt qaṭṭilat qṭlt qaṭṭil(a)tā qṭl qaṭṭilā 2m qṭlt qaṭṭilta qṭltm qaṭṭiltumā qṭltm qaṭṭiltum(ū) Imperative 2f qṭlt qaṭṭilti qṭltm qaṭṭiltumā qṭltn qaṭṭiltunā ms qṭl qaṭṭil 1c qṭlt qaṭṭiltu (?) qṭlny qaṭṭilniyā qṭln qaṭṭilnū fs qṭl qaṭṭilī dual qṭl qaṭṭilā Preterite/Jussive/Short Prefix Conjugation 111 mp qṭl qaṭṭilū Singular Dual Plural 3m yqṭl yuqaṭṭil y/tqṭl y/tuqaṭṭilā tqṭl tuqaṭṭilū 3f tqṭl tuqaṭṭil tqṭl tuqaṭṭilā tqṭln tuqaṭṭilna 2m tqṭl tuqaṭṭil tqṭl tuqaṭṭilā tqṭl tuqaṭṭilū Participle 2f tqṭl tuqaṭṭilī tqṭl tuqaṭṭilā tqṭln tuqaṭṭilna ms mqṭl muqaṭṭilu 1c aqṭl ʾaqaṭṭil 2 nqṭl nuqaṭṭilā nqṭl nuqaṭṭil fs mqṭlt muqaṭṭilatu mp mqṭlm muqaṭṭilūma Imperfect/Prefix Conjugation 333 fp mqṭlt muqaṭṭilātu Singular Dual Plural 3m yqṭl yuqaṭṭilu y/tqṭln y/tuqaṭṭilāni tqṭln tuqaṭṭilūna 3f tqṭl tuqaṭṭilu tqṭln tuqaṭṭilāni tqṭln tuqaṭṭilnā 555 2m tqṭl tuqaṭṭilu tqṭln tuqaṭṭilāni tqṭln tuqaṭṭilūna Infinitive 2f tqṭln tuqaṭṭilīna tqṭln tuqaṭṭilāni tqṭln tuqaṭṭilnā qṭl quṭṭalu 1c aqṭl ʾaqaṭṭilu nqṭln nuqaṭṭilāni nqṭl nuqaṭṭilu Volitive/Extended Short Prefix Conjugation 444 Singular Dual Plural 3m yqṭl yuqaṭṭila y/tqṭl y/tuqaṭṭilā tqṭl tuqaṭṭilū 3f tqṭl tuqaṭṭila tqṭl tuqaṭṭilā tqṭln tuqaṭṭilna 2m tqṭl tuqaṭṭila tqṭl tuqaṭṭilā tqṭl tuqaṭṭilū 2f tqṭl tuqaṭṭilī tqṭl tuqaṭṭilā tqṭln tuqaṭṭilna 1c aqṭl ʾaqaṭṭila nqṭl nuqaṭṭilā nqṭl nuqaṭṭila 1 The preformative vowel may be u like other Semitic languages (cf.