SUPPLEMENT FOR IDAHO POPULATION AGRICULTURE MANUFACTURES MINES AND Q!)ARRIES 78790°--13----37 (565) I 0HAPTliJR 1. NUMBER OF INHABITANTS. Introduction.-This chapter gives the population of gate for the minor civil divisions shown in the table. Idaho, by counties and minor civil divisions, as enu­ In most instances this results from the fact that pre­ merated at the Thirteenth Census, taken as of April cincts or other dvil divisions in existence in 1900 or 15, 1910, with comparative statements of population 1890 had gone out of existence by 1910, their territory where possible, and a statement and discussion for the having been annexed to other precincts or having state as a whole of the population living in urban been t11ken to form new precincts. In some cases, and in rural territory. The statistics are given m however, precincts that were returned separately in· detail in two general tables. 1910 were returned in combination with other pre­ Table 1 (p. 573) shows the population of Idaho in cincts at one of the earlier censuses; in some cases 1910, distributed according to counties and minor precincts in one county- in 1900 or 1890 were in an­ civil divisions, 11nd, so fiu· as possible, in comparison other county at a later census; and in some cases still with similar :figures for 1900 and 1890. The arrange­ other factors contribute to the difference. ment of counties and of the primary divisions in each Table 2 (p. 580) shows the cities and incorporated county is alphabetical. 'l'he :figures for seconclitry di­ towns and villages in Idaho, alphabetically arranged, visions are printed in italics. 'rhe changes in bound­ with their population in 1910, 1900, and 1890. aries, name, or form of organization that have tuken The population of Icfaho, by counties, at each of place since 1900 are indicated in the footnotes to the the last five censuses, from 1870 to 1910, inclusive; table. For changes between 1890 and 1900 reference the increase during the last two decades; the density must be made to the census report of 1900. of the total and the rural population at the census of Owing to the numerous changes that have taken 1910; and the distribution of the population at the last place during the period covered by this table in the two censuses according to urban and rural districts, election precincts which constitute the primary are given in Table I of Chapter 2. divisions of the counties, comparisons of the popula­ The tables and text of the present chapter contain tion in 1910 with that. o:f 1900 and 1890 are in many few technical expressions whose meaning is not appar­ cases impossible. Such comp11risons 11re, however, . ent. The census usage in regard to certain terms is, made for all the precincts existing in 1910 which were however, explained below: also in existence u.t one or both of the earlier censuses, Density of population.-The density of population of a state or and which were returned separately at those censuses. county is obtained by dividing its total population by the number In some counties the changes are so extensive and in of square miles in its land area, In calculating the density of rural others the information in regard to them is so incom­ population, the same divisor is used as it is not practicable to ascer­ plete that no comparisons can be made except for in­ tain and deduct the exact area covered by the urban districts, and corporated places. In nddition, the population of two even if this could be done with accuracy the deduction of this area from the total land area would ordinarily make no appreciable counties was not returned by precincts in 1890. difference in the resulting quotient.. The total population in 1900 and 1890 of the Minor civil divisions.-The counties are divided generally into counties returned by precincts for those years exceeds, smaller political unita which bear different deaigna tions iri. the differ­ except in the case of two counties in 1900, the aggre- , ent parts of the country, such as towns, townships, election pre- '.IItsTomcAt NOTl!l.-'.I'ho nnme Idaho ls or Indian dorlvlltlon llnd signifies "gem transferred to the United States "all rlgbts, claims, and pretensions to any country ol the mountains.'' north of the forty-second parallel.'' In 1824 Russia surrendered to the United ~e area now constituting this state was first visited by whlto mon when !Ill States all claims south or latitude 54° 40'. In 1818 a treaty had been concluded exploring expedltJon sent out by the United States Government under Lowis between the United StatCll and England, under which the United States and Great and Clark: traversed It in 180li-O. The first permanent settlement was mude In IlrJJ;aln jointly occupied the Oregon region, but In 1846 this joint oceupatlou was 1834, when a trading-post was established at Fort IIull, in whllt Is now the south­ terminated by ll treaty fixlng the present boundary between the United States and eastern part or the stllte. Fow white men came to this region, however, until 1800 Canada. when the discovery of gold on Oro Fino Creek attracted prospectors and miners The territory of Oregon, wblcli Included the area now constituting the state of In large llUmbers. Idaho, was organized In 1848. In 1853 the territory of Washington was organized, The Oregon country, or which Id£1ho originally formed ll part, was, at tho beginning and Included what Is now northern Idaho, but left southern Idaho still a part of of the nineteenth century, claimed by tho United States, Groat Britain, Spain, and Oregon territory. In 1859, when Oregon, with its present boundaries became a Russia, each nation bMlng Its right to possession on dlsooverles and explorations. sto.te, the remainder of the region now forming Idaho was added to Washington l!J>anlsh and English navigators had visited the Oregon coast llt various times territory. In :March, 1saa, Idaho territory was organized from parts of the terri­ during the sixteenth UJld succeeding centuries. Russin had made settlements 111 tories of Washington, Dakota, and Nebraska; It then included the area now .Alaska In the early part of the eighteenth century imd for this reason laid claim to comprising !daho, Montana, and part of Wyoming. 'l'he organization of ¥ontana terrlrory as far south ns the prooent state of C!l!Uornfa. Amerlcnns from slilps sent out by Boston merchants Jato In tho eighteenth oentury wero the first white men and Wyoming ns ter:rltorles in 1864 and 18£8, respectively, left Idaho with Its to explore the interior or the Oregon country. · present boundaries. All that remnlned of the Spanish olnlm after the CCIJSlon o! Loulslanll to France In 1889 a state constitution was adopted, under authority of an act of Congress, In lSO<rw!IS' relinquished at 'the time of the Florida P11rahnso Jn 1819, when Spain nnd in 1890 Idaho was admitted to the lJnion. (567) 568 SUPPLEMENT FOR. IDAHO. cincts, etc. Of these minor civil divisions, those which rank next to according to the conditions as they e:i,isted at each census. In th' tJ1e county as geographic areas are termed ''primary· divisions.'' In compariso~ a plac~ h!wing lea~ than 2,500 inhabitants in 1900 an~ many instances, however, these primary divisions contain political over 2,500 m 1010 is classed with the ruml population :for 1900 and units of still smaller area, such as cities, incorporated villages, w~th tho urban for 1010. On the other hand, in order to present towns, or boroughs. These smaller political units are referred to fairly tho contrast between urban and rural communities as regard as secondary divisions. th~ir rate of g1'owth, it is. nocessa~y to consider the chang~s in popu~ Urban and rural population deftned.-The Census Bureau, for lat10n for the same territory wluch have occurred from one decen· purposes of discussion, has defined urban population as that residing nial census to another. For this purpose the territory which in 19!0 in cities and oilier incorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more, was urban or rural, as tho case may ho, is taken as the basis and and rural population tLB that residing outside of such incorporated tho population in 1900 for tho same territory (ao far as sepa;ately places. reported at tha1; census) is presented, oven fuough part of the terri. Tho comparisons of the urban and rural population in 1910 with tory may, on tho basis of its population at the earlier census have fuat at earlier enumerations may be made either with respect to tJie then boon in a different class, Thia avoids tho disturbin~ effect varying proportions of the two classes at successive enumerations or on comparisons which would arise from tho passage, for example of wifu respect to the increase between enumerations, In order to communities formerly clnssod as rural into tho urban group. Th~se ' contrast the proportion of the total population living in urbm1 or two distinct forms of comparison arc madll in 'fable I of Chapter 2 rural territory at the census of 1910 with fue proportion urban or for tho stttte as a whole and for each county separately for the last rural at the preceding census, it is necessary to classify the territory two censuses. TOTAL POPULATION, INCREASE, AND DISTRIBUTION. Population of the state,-The population of Idaho is lation of the stttto increased 7a,224, or 82.7 per cent. 325,594. Compared with a population o:f 161,772 in The following table shows the population of Idaho at 1900, this represents an increase during the last decade each census :from 1870 to 1910, inclusive, together of 103,822, or 101.3 per cent.