Volume 2 | Spring 2012 ‘Maybe It Was Too Much to Expect in Those Days’: The Changing Lifestyles of Barnard’s First Female Students | Visual Forms, Visceral Themes: Understanding Bodies, Pain, and Torture in Renaissance Art | Fabrication and Execution: The Lycambids and their Iambic Aptitude | Gendered Classrooms and Gendered Attire: Doing Gender on a College Campus FURJ | Volume 2 | Spring 2012 The Fordham Undergraduate Research Journal will “Preoccupied Main Street” Table of Contents Leena Mancheril, FCRH ’14 p. 5 soon be accepting submissions for our third issue. “Fordham’s First Rooftop Garden’ Elaine Park, FCRH ’14 p. 7 “3000-year-old animal bones from Iran” FURJ welcomes original research articles, short Michael Rametta, FCRH ’13 p. 9 “‘Maybe It Was Too Much to Expect in Those Days’: “WISDM Creates Android App to Track Couch Potatoes” research communications, book reviews, and review The Changing Lifestyles of Barnard’s Xavier Griffiths, FCRH ’14 p. 11 First Female Students” essays to be considered for publication. p. 16 Jennifer Prevete, FCRH ’12 “Spotlight: Modern Languages at Fordham” p. 13 “Visual Forms, Visceral Themes: Understanding Bodies, Pain, and Torture in Renaissance Art” Visit www.furj.org for information and p. 21 Helena Guzik, FCRH ’12 “Fabrication and Execution: submission guidelines. Please send questions to The Lycambids and their Iambic Aptitude” [email protected]. p. 27 William Bruckel, FCRH ’11 “Gendered Classrooms and Gendered Attire: “Interaction of Particle Beams with One-Dimensional Doing Gender on a College Campus” Potential Barriers” p. 32 Jeff Lockhart, FCRH ’13 Sheehan Ahmed, FCRH ’11 p. 39 “Synthesis and Characterization of Mono- and Di-O- p. 37 Research Mentor Award Alkylated Derivatives of Methyl 3,5-Dihydroxyl Benzoate” Want to work for FURJ? Michele Paccagnini, FCRH ’12 p. 41 “Tending the Flowers, Cultivating Community: Gardening on New York City Public Housing Sites” FURJ is always looking for peer reviewers, Lauren Sepanski, FCRH ’12 p. 43 staff writers, copy editors, and more! “Algebraic Detection of Flexibility of Polyhedral Structures with Applications to Robotics and Chemistry” Stephen Fox, FCRH ’11 p. 46 Michael E. Latham, The Right Kind of Revolution: Visit www.furj.org for more information Modernization, Development, and U.S. Foreign “Fabrication of CdS Nanoparticle Coated Jasmonate Policy from the Cold War to the Present Conjugates and their Interactions with Mammalian Cells” and to access the application. Please send p. 53 reviewed by Margaret Dunbar, FCRH ’14 Nazmul Sarker, FCRH ’13 p. 50 questions to [email protected]. Benjamin H. Dunning, Specters of Paul: Sexual Difference in Early Christian Thought p. 55 reviewed by Andrew Steffan, FCRH ’13 DM Lyons, S Chaudhry, and P Benjamin, “Synchronizing real and predicted synthetic video imagery for localization of a robot to a 3D environment”; DM Lyons and P Benjamin, “Locating and tracking objects by efficient comparison of real and predicted synthetic video imagery” p. 57 reviewed by Lilia Nikolova, FCLC ’14 Selected Research Accomplishments p. 59 Contributing Authors p. 61 2 Photo Credit: Bill Denison. FURJ | Volume 2 | Spring 2012 www.furj.org FURJ | Volume 2 | Spring 2012 Editorial Board Faculty Advisory Board Staff To the Fordham Community: Alexandria DeCapua-Guarino, Co-Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ipsita Banerjee Coty Brennan, FCLC ’12, Copy / Peer Reviews FCRH ’12: Biology, Anthropology Chemistry Elizabeth Carlson, FCRH ’14, PR Luther Cenci, FCLC ’15, Design Kevin Jordan, Co-Editor-in-Chief Dr. Michelle Bata Navena Chaitoo, FCRH ’13, Peer Reviews First and foremost, we would like to thank the Fordham community for making last year’s issue FCRH ’12: Biology FCRH Dean’s Office of FURJ—the inaugural issue—an incredible success. We are pleased to present the second issue Jessica Cheung, FCLC ’15, Copy Dr. Michael Baur Elizabeth Cole, FCLC ’14, PR Stephen Frayne, Peer Reviews Co-Editor of FURJ. This year we are bigger and better: Fordham College at Lincoln Center has joined this Philosophy Rachel deLacy, FCRH ’12, Design FCRH ’12: Chemistry amazing project, we have launched an official website (www.furj.org), and we are expecting to Dr. Susan Berger Michael DiTanna, FCRH ’13, Web Helena Guzik, Design Editor circulate even more copies. Once again, our staff has worked tirelessly to create another issue, Political Science Aaron Dowdell, FCRH ’12, News / Peer Reviews FCRH ’12: Art History, History Andrés Durán Rueda, FCRH ’14, Copy showcasing works on topics as diverse as the interaction of particle beams with one-dimensional Dr. Mark Botton Leena Mancheril, News Editor Caleb Faruki, FCRH ’13, Design / Book Reviews Natural Science potential barriers to community gardens in the Bronx. In addition to our student research, FCRH ’14: Economics Corinne Fitamant, FCLC ’15, Design Dr. Greta Gilbertson Rachel Gibbons, FCRH ’14, Copy reviews, and news articles, this year we are also excited to announce the research mentor of the Stephen Moccia, Photography Editor Sociology Xavier Griffiths, FCRH ’14, News / Copy year award. This award is an exciting step in recognizing the talented and dedicated faculty who FCRH ’12: Theology, Political Science Tory Guarino, FCRH ’15, Peer Reviews Dr. Richard Gyug invigorate and guide our students’ passions for research. Xavier Montecel, Book Reviews Co-Editor Justin Henry, FCRH ’12, Peer Reviews History FCRH ’12: Theology Robert Johnson, FCRH ’15, Sales / PR Second, we are proud to continue playing an integral role in the University’s dedication to Dr. Susanne Hafner Connie Kim, FCRH ’14, Design Michele Paccagnini, Peer Reviews Co-Editor Modern Languages Angelo Labate, FCRH ’12, Copy undergraduate research. We believe Fordham has planted itself firmly at the forefront of the FCRH ’12: Chemistry Dr. Donna Heald Jeff Lockhart, FCRH ’13, Peer Reviews / Book advancement of undergraduate research, and we believe there is something distinctly Jesuit Margaret Palazzolo, Managing Editor Reviews FCRH Dean’s Office about this endeavor. As students of this University, we have been taught the value of applying FCRH ’13: History Noelle Makhoul, FCRH ’12, Peer Reviews Dr. Karina Hogan Megan McDonald, FCRH ’14, Peer Reviews our knowledge for good; we have learned, as they say, the value of contemplation in action. Not Andrew Steffan, Copy Editor Theology Megan McLaughlin, FCRH ’15, Copy only does our research capture the Jesuit essence of magis, striving for more, but it also captures FCRH ’13: Political Science, Theology Dr. Michael Latham Gaetano Migliaccio, FCRH ’15, PR John Turiano, Web Content Editor Megan Mitchell, FCRH ’13, Copy / Book Reviews our dedication to our brothers and sisters. As we work hard to unravel and understand the world FCRH Dean’s Office FCRH ’14: International Political Economy Tara Paccagnini, FCRH ’12, Peer Reviews around us, we do it with an eye toward each other. A quick look through this journal clearly Dr. Frederick Marotto Sarah Sullivan, Public Relations Manager Elaine Park, FCRH ’14, News indicates that, while our students are dedicated to their research, they are also dedicated to each Mathematics Alexander Profaci, FCRH ’13, Book Reviews FCRH ’12: History, Medieval Studies other. Being men and women for others is what we believe makes Fordham’s undergraduate Dr. Nicholas Tampio Michael Rametta, FCRH ’13, News / Peer Reviews Victoria Yang, Sales/Advertising Manager researchers and faculty mentors extraordinary. Political Science Erin Regan, FCRH ’14, PR GSB ’14: Finance Michael Rezin, FCRH ’14, Photos Dr. John Wehr Last, we would like to thank our amazing staff for working so hard to make this journal a great Nazmul Sarker, FCRH ’13, Peer Reviews Biological Sciences Juliana Troisi, FCRH ’15, PR / Copy success. We would like to give our greatest thanks to Dr. Michelle Bata, Assistant Dean and Monica Tyson, FCLC ’13, Sales / PR Director of Undergraduate Research, and Dr. Michael Latham, Dean of Fordham College at Acknowledgments Jade Vargas, FCRH ’14, Design Anthony Vespa, FCRH ’12, Book Reviews Rose Hill, without whom this journal would not be possible. Unfortunately, for some of us on The FURJ staff wishes to thank the Lai Hiu Wan, FCRH ’13, Sales following for their support: the editorial board, this is our last issue as we prepare to graduate in May. We would like to Patrick Wester, FCRH ’12, Peer Reviews thank the graduating seniors on the executive board: Stephen Frayne, Helena Guzik, Stephen Fordham University’s Office of Brian Williams, FCRH ’13, Peer Reviews Moccia, Xavier Montecel, Michele Paccagnini, and Sarah Sullivan. They worked tirelessly Marketing and Communications, the faculty and students who setting the foundation for a journal that did not exist two years ago, and their hard work will be served as faculty and peer remembered and carried on for years to come. reviewers, the FURJ Faculty The Fordham Undergraduate Research Journal (above) The 2011/2012 FURJ editorial board. Pictured (counterclockwise): Sarah Advisory Board, and the FCRH Volume 2, Issue 1, Spring 2012 Sullivan, Alexandria DeCapua-Guarino, Andrew Steffan, Margaret Palazzolo, Kevin and FCLC Dean’s Offices and their Jordan, Victoria Yang, Leena Mancheril, John Turiano, Michele Paccagnini, Stephen Cover: Jean Milles de Souvigny, The estrapade, or question Frayne, Xavier Montecel, and Helena Guzik. student workers extraordinary (det.), 16th century. Sincerely, (below) The 2011/2012 FURJ Staff. Photography by Stephen Moccia, FCRH ’12. Picture Collection, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden