izks- vfHkjkt jktsUnz feJ Ïr vfHkjktlglzde~ dk leh{kkRed v/;;u dksVk fo'ofo|ky;] dksVk dh ih,p- Mh- dh mikf/k gsrq izLrqr 'kks/k&izcU/k dyk&ladk; 'kks/kkFkhZ lqJh liuk pkgj 'kks/k&funZsf'kdk MkW- (Jherh) lqns'k vkgwtk O;k[;krk & laLÏr&foHkkx jktdh; egkfo|ky;] dksVk (jkt-) laLÏr&foHkkx] dksVk fo'ofo|ky;] dksVk 2014 'kks/k izek.k&i= izekf.kr fd;k tkrk gS fd 'kks/kPNk=k (lqJh) liuk pkgj us laLÏr lkfgR; ds vUrxZr ^izks- vfHkjkt jktsUnz feJ Ïr ^vfHkjktlglzde~* dk leh{kkRed v/;;u* 'kh"kZd 'kks/k izcU/k esa dksVk fo'ofo|ky;] dksVk dh ih,p-Mh- dh mikf/k gsrq mijksDr fo"k; ij xgurk ls v/;;u o fo'ys"k.k djrs gq, viuh ekSfyd mn~Hkkouk,¡ izLrqr dh gSA izLrqr 'kks/k&izcU/k ekSfyd] foospukRed ,oa Lrjh; gS] vr% izLrqr 'kks/k&izcU/k dks ih,p- Mh- dh mikf/k ds fy, ewY;kadu gsrq izsf"kr djus dh vuq'kalk dh tkrh gSA 'kks/k funsZf'kdk MkW- (Jherh) lqns'k vkgwtk O;k[;k=h & laLÏr&foHkkx jktdh; egkfo|ky;] dksVk (jkt-)+ (Certificate to be given by the Supervisor) CERTIFICATE It is certified that the 1. Thesis entitled ^izks- vfHkjkt jktsUnz feJ Ïr ^vfHkjktlglzde~* dk leh{kkRed v/;;u* submited by Sapna Chahar is an original piece of research work carried out by the candidate under my supervision. 2. Literacy presentation is satisfactory and the thesis is in a form suitable for publication. 3. Work evinces the capacity of the candidate for critical examination and independent judgement. Date : Signature of Supervisor Place : izkDdFku laLd`ra uke nSoh okxUok[;krk egf"kZfHk%AA egkdfonZ.Mh izokgeku nsook.kh laLd`r ds mikld] iz[kj ikf.MR; ls iw.kZ] uouoksUes"k 'kkfyuh izfrHkk ds /kuh izks- vfHkjkt jktsUnz feJ dk uke laLd`r ds izfr :fp j[kus okys v/;s;rkvksa ds fy, u;k ugha gSA 20oha lnh ds mÙkjk/kZ ls ysdj orZeku rd ftUgksaus fujUrj laLd`r ds dsnkj dks lhapk gS] gjk&Hkjk fd;k gS] ,sls ;qxfuekZrk dfo jktsUnz feJ dk vokZphu laLd`r ok³~e; ½f.k jgsxkA laLd`r ds Hk.Mkj dks vius vHkwriw.kZ jpuk deZ ds }kjk mUgksaus vksj vf/kd le`¼ gh ugha cuk;k oju~ xq.koÙkk dh n`f"V ls vkSj lkSUn;Z dh n`f"V ls lqjHkkjrh dk mnkÙk Ük`axkj Hkh fd;k gSA izks- vfHkjkt jktsUnz feJ ds l`tu deZ dh ,d yEch lwph gS ftlesa muds nks egkdkO;] 44 'krd&dkO;] 64 ,dkadh] 6 y?kqdFkk ladyuksa esa vusdksa dFkk;sa] xt+y] xhr vkSj u tkus D;k&D;k lekfgr gSA ekSfyd laLd`r ds lkFk&lkFk leh{kk xzUFk] 'kks/kxzUFk] 'kkL=h;xzUFk vkSj tksM+ ns rks lwph dk dgha vksj&>ksj gh ugha gSA lkfgR; dh foiqyrk ls vfHkizk; ;g ugha gS fd dgha xq.koÙkk ds lkFk le>kSrk gks\ ,slk Hkh ugha gS xq.koÙkk dh n`f"V ls Hkh muds lkfgR; dh dksbZ lkuh ugha gSA mudh jlxfHkZr dkO;'kSyh] Ük`axkj ds fojg o ihM+k ds xhr] xt+ys] lân;ksa ds ân; dk gkj gS] ml ij mudh eU=eqX/k dj nsus okyh e/kqj ok.kh dfo lEesyuksa o xksf"B;ksa dk izk.k gSA izks- vfHkjkt bDdhloha lnh ds dkfynkl gS blesa tjk Hkh vfr'k;ksfDr ugha gSA i izks- vfHkjkt feJ ds foiqy lkfgR; ij n`f"Vikr djus ij esjk Hkh ekul mu ij 'kks/k dk;Z djus dk cukA vfHkjkt th ij t.k nwjHkk"k ij ckr gq;h rks mUgksaus vius ^vfHkjktlglzde~* dks'kdkO; ij 'kks/k dk;Z djus dk lq>ko fn;kA lq>ko gh ugha fn;k oju~ esjs }kjk izkFkZuk djus ij mUgksaus rqjUr ^vfHkjktlglzde~* iqLrd dh izfr rFkk viuk thou ifjp; Hkh ;Fkk'kh?kz HkstkA brus fo[;kr o egku~ dfo dh bl lgtrk dks ns[kdj eSa HkkofoHkksj gks x;hA vius iBu ys[ku ds O;Lr iyksa esa ls le; fudky dj mUgksaus tc Hkh dksbZ leL;k j[kh rqjUr lek/kku fd;k gSA muds O;fDrRo dks ns[kdj ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS& ^vfHkjktlglzde~* iqLrd 10 'krddkO;ksa dk ladyu gS tks oSt;Ur izdk'ku bykgkckn ls 2000 bZ- esa izdkf'kr gqvk gSA blesa n'k 'krdksa esa Øe'k% izcks/k'krde~] /kkjkek.Moh;e~] fgekpy'krde~] Hkkjrhifjnsou'krde~] mTtf;uh'krde~] oS'kkyh'krde~] foLe;'krde~] lkSofLrd'krde~] xqtZj'krde~] ikd'kklu'krde~ gSA 'krd dkO; tSlk fd uke ls gh Li"V gks tkrk gS fofo/k fo"k;ksa ls lEc¼ gSA fo"k; ;k dF; dh n`f"V ls ugha 'kSyh dh n`f"V ls Hkh mudk vR;f/kd egÙo gSA muds 'krd dkO;ksa esa fo"k; dh n`f"V ls dgh dFku dh 'kSyh lân;kLok| gS] dgha dksfonkLok| gS rks dgha yksdkLok| gSA mudh dfork dk jlkLoknu dj Hkkjrh; gh ugha oju~ fons'kh fo}ku~ Hkh vR;Ur izHkkfor gSA csfYt;e ds xs.V fo'ofo|ky; esa laLd`r foHkkxk/;{k tks dkfynkl ok³e; ds fo'ofo[;kr leh{kd gS izks- ,- 'kkisZ egksn; us jktsUnz feJ ds lkfgR; dh leh{kk djrs gq, bUgsa ,d i= fy[kk ftldk ,d va'k ;gk¡ mn~/k`r gS& I have pessued your sanskrit poems and it was a pleasure to me to learn from them. How beautifully and fluently the sanskrit ii language is still written to India at this time and how devotedly and ably you are giving up your self to this, yet difficult task. Li"V gS jktsUnz feJ dh dfork Hkkjr esa gh ugha oju~ lEiw.kZ fo'o esa vokZphu laLd`r dfork dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh gSA ,sls [;kfryC/k lkfgR;dkj dh fdlh jpuk dks vius 'kks/kizcU/k dk fo"k; pquuk vius vkiesa esjs fy, ,d pqukSfr ls de ugha Fkk ijUrq bl pqukSfr dks Lohdkj djus esa esjh xq#o;kZ MkW- lqns'k vkgwtk dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh ;k ;g dgw¡ dh fo"k; p;u ls ysdj] 'kks/kdk;Z dh fo"k;kuqØef.kdk vkSj 'kks/kizcU/k izLrqrhdj.k rd chp&chp esa tks Hkh vojks/k&ck/kk,¡ vk;h mu lcds nkSjku mudk ojn gLr ges'kk esjs ij jgk vkSj muds lgt ljy≶ksxh O;fDrRo ls ;g dfBu dke Hkh lgt gks x;kA eSaus vius 'kks/k dk fo"k; izks- vfHkjktjktsUnz d`r ^vfHkjktlglzde~ dk leh{kkRed v/;;u* fu/kkZfjr fd;k vkSj bldks 6 v/;k;ksa esa foHkDr fd;kA tks bl izdkj gS& izFke v/;k; & izks- vfHkjktjktsUnz feJ dk O;fDrRo ,oa d`frRo f}rh; v/;k; & laLd`r 'krd dkO; ijEijk mn~Hko ,oa fodkl r`rh; v/;k; & ^vfHkjktlglzde~* ds 'krd&dkO;ksa dk Øec¼ foospu prqFkZ v/;k; & ^vfHkjkt lglzde~* ds 'krddkO;ksa dk lkaLd`frd] jktuSfrd o lkekftd n`f"V ls ewY;kadu iape v/;k; & vfHkjktlglzde~ ds 'krd&dkO;ksa dk 'kSyh oSKkfud v/;;u "k"V v/;k; & vokZphu laLd`r 'krd ys[ku ijEijk esa ^vfHkjktlglzde~* ds 'krddkO;ksa dk ewY;kadu ,oa ekuork dks mudk lUns'k iii milagkj lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph izFke v/;k; esa O;fDrRo d`frRo ds vUrxZr dfo ds xgu xaHkhj O;fDrRo dks 'kCnksa esa cka/kuk vR;Ur dfBu Fkk vr% eSaus vUr% lk{;ksa o cká lk{;ksa ds vk/kkj ij dfo ds O;fDrRo dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks crkus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA feJ th dk d`frRo cgqr gh foiqy gSA muds cgqvk;keh O;fDrRo ds leku muds cgqfo/k d`frRo dh leh{kk vR;Ur dfBu dk;Z gSA fo"k; dh fo'knrk dks ns[krs gq, geus muds laLd`r ds ltZukRed lkfgR; dk laf{kIr esa ifjp; fn;k gSA f}rh; v/;k; esa laLd`r 'krd dkO; ijEijk mn~Hko o fodkl esa dkO; dh fo/kk ds :i esa 'krd ds egÙo] izkphu 'krddkO;ksa dk ifjp; nsrs gq, vokZphu laLd`r dkO;'kkfL=;ksa xzUFkksa ds vk/kkj ij 'krd dkO; dh ifjHkk"kk rFkk vokZphu 'krd ijEijk o izkIr 'krd dkO;ksa dk laf{kIr ifjp; fn;k gSA r`rh; v/;k; esa geus vfHkjkt lglzde~ esa ladfyr 10 'krddkO;ksa dk fo"k;oLrq dh n`f"V ls ifjp; fn;k gSA bl v/;k; dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k gS ftlesa fofo/k izkUrksa dh fo'ks"krk;sa crkrs ik¡p 'krdksa dks izFke Hkkx o vU; fofo/k fo"k;ksa ij rFkk lelkef;d ?kVukvksa ij vk/kkfjr 'krdksa dk f}rh; Hkkx esa o.kZu fd;k gSA prqFkZ v/;k; esa 'krddkO;ksa esa of.kZr lkaLd`frd] jktuSfrd o lkekftd n`f"Vls ewY;kadu fd;k x;k gSA lkaLd`frd n`f"V ls ewY;kadu esa dfo us vius izkphu Hkkjrh; laLd`r dh] Hkkjr ds izkphu xkSjo] izkd`frd lkSUn;Z o ns'k izse dh Hkkouk dh iz'kalk dh gSA iv jktuSfrd n`f"V ls izkphu mnkÙk uhfr rFkk orZeku yksdra= dh fLFkfr ij dfo us [ksn O;Dr fd;k gSA orZeku esa usrkvksa ds pfj= o gj {ks= esa O;kIr jktuhfr ls dfo O;fFkr o foMfEcr gSA lkekftd n`f"V ls dfo us lekt esa O;kIr fo"kerkvksa] fxjrs lkekftd o uSfrd ewY;ksa] f'k{kk O;oLFkk rFkk orZeku esa laLd`r dh ghun'kk ij fpUrk O;Dr dh gSA iape v/;k; esa ^vfHkjktlglzde~* ds 'kSyh oSKkfud v/;;u esa dfo dh izcks/k'krd dh lân;kLok|rk] /kkjkek.Moh; dh leh{kk dh gSA buesa iz;qDr fofo/k jlksa] Nanksa] vyadkjksa dk v/;;u rFkk Hkk"kkxr fo'ks"krkvksa dk v/;;u fd;k gSA "k"B v/;k; esa vokZphu laLd`r 'krd ys[ku ijEijk esa ^vfHkjktlglzde~* ds 'krd dkO;ksa dk ewY;kadu fd;k x;k gSA 'krd dkO;ksa dk mís'; lân;kLok|rk ds lkFk&lkFk yksd dks mn~cks/ku nsuk Hkh gSA lkfgR; ^LokUr% lq[kk; ij fgrk;* nksuksa gh n`f"V;ksa ls viuh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk dk fuogZ.k djrk gSA bl n`f"V ls izks- vfHkjkt jktsUnz feJ ds 'krddkO; iw.kZr% lVhd gSA muesa ikBdksa dks vkuUn nsus dk egr~ mís'; rks fNik gqvk gh gS lkFk gh orZeku esa O;kIr folaxfr;ksa o foMEcukvksa dk fp=.k dj dfo ikBdksa ds ekxZ dks iz'kLr djuk pkgrk gSA ns'kHkfDr o ns'kizse bu 'krd dkO;ksa dk egÙoiw.kZ fcUnq gSA ns'kizse o izkphu xkSjo ds Lej.k ds }kjk orZeku jk"Vª esa O;kIr leL;kvksa Hkz"Vkpkj] ewY;ksa ds âkl vkSj dqaBkvksa ls xzLr euq"; 'kk;n lUekxZ ij izo`Ùk gks ldsA O;aX; o dkdq ds ek/;e ls lUekxZ izsfjr djus dk dfo dk iz;kl LrqR; gSA var esa milagkj esa leLr v/;k;ksa esa dh x;h ^vfHkjktlglzde~* dh leh{kk dk lkjka'k izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA v izLrqr 'kks/k izcU/k dh iw.kZrk ds fy, eSa loZizFke viuh 'kks/k funsZf'kdk MkW- lqns'k vkgwtk ds izfr J¼k ls ur gw¡ ftuds fuPNy fuLokFkZ lg;ksx ls ;g dk;Ziw.kZ gks ldk muds izfr d`rKrk dk Kkiu djuk ek= vkSipkfjdk gSA bl dk;Z esa lg;ksx ds fy, eSa ges'kk mudh ½.kh jgw¡xhA bl dk;Z dh :ijs[kk ls ysdj lekfIr rd MkW- v#.k dqekj] O;k[;krk jktdh; egkfo|ky;] dksVk dk fo'ks"k ;ksxnku jgk blds fy, eSa muds izfr viuk vkHkkj O;Dr djrh gw¡A eSa viuh ekrk Jherh Hkwnsoh pkgj firk jkeflag pkgj ds izfr J¼k O;Dr djrh gw¡ D;ksafd ;g 'kks/k&izcU/k mUgha ds vk'khokZn dk izfrQy gSA eSa viuh nhnh jtuh ,oa NksVh cgu m"kk ,oa ftrsUnz th ds Hkh izfr /kU;okn Kkfir djrh gw¡A eSa laLd`r foHkkx] jktdh; egkfo|ky;] dksVk ds vU; lHkh izk/;kidksa dks Hkh ueu djrh gw¡ rFkk bl dk;Z esa lg;ksx ds fy;s lrh'k 'kekZ o HkwisUnz flag jkBkSj dk Hkh ân; ls /kU;okn Kkfir djrh gw¡A bl 'kks/k&izcU/k ds izLrqfrdj.k esa tkus&vutkus ftudk Hkh lg;ksx jgk mu lcds izfr eSa ân; ls d`rKrk Kkfir djrh gw¡A esjs bl y?kq'kks/k izcU/k ds Vad.k dk;Z ds fy, ^ije dEI;wVj* dh 'kcue [kku dh eSa ân; ls vkHkkjh gw¡ fd mUgksaus 'kq¼ Vad.k izLrqr djus dk iz;Ru fd;k gS ijUrq fQj Hkh laLÏr dk Vad.k ,d dfBu dk;Z