TABLE OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Disease Signs & symptoms Incubation Communicability Prevention Chicken pox – Esp seen winter & spring. Resp 10-21 days Thru inhalation of Mask patient. Provider varicella zoster symptoms, malaise (not feeling well), airborne droplets should avoid contact if virus; viral low-grade fever followed by rash & direct contact they’ve never had disease starting on face & trunk spreading to of weeping chicken pox. rest of body. Fluid filled vesicles lesions & Vaccination now rupture & scab over within 1 week. contaminated available (1995) and part linens. of childhood immunizations. Pt isolated until all lesions crusted over and dry. Common cold >200 strains of viruses cause the 12 hours – 5 Direct contact, Handwashing (viral rhinitis) common cold. Course mild, often days (average 48 airborne droplet, without fever and without muscle hours) contaminated aching. hands and linens. Conjunctivitis The clinical syndrome begins with 24-72 hours Contact with Good personnel (pink eye) tearing, irritation & redness of eye(s) discharge or hygiene. Daily followed by edema of lids, upper respiratory laundering of bed linens photophobia (light sensitivity) & pus tract of infected including pillowcase and drainage. Course lasts from 2 days up persons (fingers, towels. Use wash cloth to 2-3 weeks. clothing, eye on unaffected eye first make-up). and then launder after Communicable use. No school during during course of acute stage. Tx with active infection. antibiotic eye medications. Hepatiti s – Signs & symptoms generally same for Most important is inflammation of all forms: avoidance of contact the liver due to Headache; fever; weakness; joint with blood and body multiple causes pain; anorexia; nausea; vomiting; fluids of all persons. (virus most RUQ pain; jaundice; dark urine; clay- common) colored stools Hepatitis A – May have no symptoms. Adults may 15-50 days; Fecal-oral route. Vaccines in active areas infectious or viral have abdominal pain, loss of appetite, average 30 days. Virus lasts on (active immunity). Good nausea, diarrhea, light colored stools, Disease follows hands about 4 handwashing. dark urine, fatigue, fever & jaundice. mild course & hours. More Disease Signs & symptoms Incubation Communicability Prevention Hepatitis A lasts 2-6 weeks comm. latter half There is no long term of incubation & chronic infection. most during 1 st week of symptoms Hepatitis B – It can take 1-9 months before 4-25 weeks; Direct contact Vaccination 90% serum hepatitis symptoms develop. Some have mild average 8-12 (blood, semen, effective. Virus stable on flu-like symptoms. Dark urine, light weeks vaginal fluid, surfaces with dried blood colored stools, fatigue, fever & saliva). Can for 7 days. jaundice. Can develop acute hepatitis, become cirrhosis, liver cancer. asymptomatic chronic carrier capable of transmitting disease to others. Hepatitis C Chronic condition in 85% of infected 2-25 weeks; avge Contact with Since 1989 screen blood Leading cause of people. Liver fibrosis into cirrhosis in 7-9 weeks. infected blood for HCV. No vaccine due cirrhosis & liver 20% of infected people. Disease may be primarily with IV to high mutation rate. cancer. dormant 10-20 years drug use & before symptoms. sexual contact. HIV – a virus that Mono-like syndrome, fatigue, fever, Variable. May Bloodborne Universal standard attacks the sore throat, lymphadenopathy, develop through blood & precautions immune system & splenomegaly, rash, diarrhea. Skin detectable body fluids causes AIDS (a lesions (Kaposi’s sarcoma); antibodies 1-3 Death is usually from the collection of signs opportunistic infections (Pneumocystic months. Variable opportunistic diseases & symptoms) carinii pneumonia, Tb) time from HIV that take advantage of infection to the patient’s weakened diagnosis of systems. AIDS. Influenza (flu) Epidemics usually in winter. Sudden 1-4 days Direct contact Vaccination available onset fever for 3-5 days, chills, especially in annually; most effective Viral disease tiredness, malaise (not feeling well), Peak flu season crowded areas if received from musculoskeletal aches, nasal is late December via airborne. The September to mid- discharge, dry cough, mild sore throat. through March. virus can persist November. Children can also experience GI on surfaces for Treatment is symptoms of nausea, vomiting & hours but indirect symptomatic (rest, fluids, diarrhea although this is uncommon in contact is less OTC med for fever & Disease Signs & symptoms Incubation Communicability Prevention Influenza adults. “Stomach flu” with GI common. aches). symptoms is caused by other viruses. Contagious 1 day prior to being sick up to 3-7 days after 1 st symptom. Measles Initially symptoms of severe cold with 7-14 days; Inhalation of Handwashing critical. (rubeola, hard fever, conjunctivitis, swollen eyelids, average 10 days infective droplets MMR vaccination part of measles) photophobia, malaise, cough, & direct contact. childhood program. nasopharyngeal congestion, red Highly bumpy rash lasting about 6 days communicable virus mostly before prodrome starts (early or impending disease time), to about 4 days after rash appears. Meningi tis – Viral meningitis – most common type 2-4 days up to 10 Resp droplets; Practice good inflammation of of meningitis; self-limited disease days contact with oral handwashing. Mask for meninges caused lasting 7-10 days. secretions, pt and self. Universal by bacteria & Bacterial – very serious infection; crowding, close precautions. Post viruses fever, chills, headache, nuchal rigidity contact, smoking, exposure antibiotics (stiff neck) with flexion, arthralgia lower started within 24 hours. (achy joints), lethargy, malaise (ill socioeconomic Vaccination now part of feeling), altered mental status, status. Viral childhood series vomiting, seizures. meningitis can (Haemophilus influenza also be spread type B). via contact with feces of infected person. Monkeypox Rare viral disease. 12 days after 12 days From an animal No specific treatment. exposure get fever, headache, muscle with monkeypox Possibly the smallpox aches, backache, swollen lymph if bitten or touch vaccine to prevent nodes, tired. Rash 1-3 days after the animal’s against getting. Disease Signs & symptoms Incubation Communicability Prevention fever; often starts on face as fluid filled blood, body Monkeypox bumps & the spreads. fluids, or its rash. Person-to-person from large respiratory droplets during long periods of face-to-face contact or touching body fluids or contaminated objects of infected persons. MRSA – Usually found in ill patients who are Usually spread Handwashing after any methicillin multidrug resistant. Often in open from infected patient contact. Wear resistant wounds, post-op wounds, around G- patients via gloves when doing pt staphylococcus tube sites. hands of HCW & contact. Protective aureus inanimate objects gowns when in contact (B/P cuff, with infected linens. stethoscope). Avoid sharing of equipment. HCW can be colonized with MRSA (not common) but often are not ill & are not at risk to other healthy persons (peers, family). Mumps Painful enlargement of salivary 12-25 days Resp droplets & Standard BSI. (Acute viral glands. Feverish cold followed by direct contact MMR vaccination is disease) swelling & stiffening of parotid salivary with saliva of standard for childhood gland in front of ear. Often bilateral. infected pt. immunizations. Adults Earache, difficulty chewing & Communicable 3 born after 1956 should swallowing. Glands tender to days before to get at least 1 dose of palpation. about 4 days MMR. after symptoms start. Risk of contracting Disease Signs & symptoms Incubation Communicability Prevention mumps disease is minimal. Pertussis – 1st phase – common cold symptoms 6-20 days Transmitted via Mask pt. whooping cough lasts 1-2 weeks. 2 nd phase lasts respiratory DPT vaccination in month or longer. No fever. Mild cough secretions or in childhood series (not that can become severe & violent, an aerosolized sure how long immunity productive. 3 rd phase – frequency and form. Highly lasts). severity of coughing decreases. contagious except in 3rd phase. Communicability greatest before 2nd phase. Pneumonia Chills, high fever, dyspnea, pleuritic Highest risk are Masks. Vaccination chest pain worsened by deep the non-healthy available esp for children inspiration, cough, crackles & populations <2 years old and adults wheezes heard on breath sounds >65 and for those post- splenectomy. Rubella – Generally milder than measles. Sore 12-19 days Inhalation of Mask pt. German throat, low grade fever. Fine pink rash infective droplets MMR vaccination part of measles ; virus on face, trunk & extremities lasting childhood program. about 3 days. SARS (severe Viral disease. Fever >100.4 oF, chills, Typically 2-7 Respiratory Fit tested N-95 acute respiratory headache, body achiness, respiratory days up to 10 droplets when respirators for caregivers syndrome) complaints (cough, SOB, dyspnea, days coughing or within 6 feet of patient. pneumonia), pulse ox <94% room air, sneezing droplets Patient to also wear N- travel within 10 days of symptoms to into air. Can 95 mask. Caregivers to Ontario, Canada, People’s Republic of touch infectious wear gloves, gowns, China, Vietnam, Taiwan, &/or material on goggles, and face Singapore OR close contact with environmental shields. Proper symptomatic person within 10 days of surfaces and handwashing extremely symptoms. bring to your important. Wear eyes, nose, protective gear when Disease Signs & symptoms Incubation