First draft on 20 October 2016 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SECTOR STUDY OF UKRAINE Photos by courtesy of K. Demianenko, A. Didenko and V. Bekh FAO REU, 2016 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. 2 Contents Preparation of this document Abstract Acknowledgement Abbreviations and acronyms EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Geography and climate 1.2. Agriculture 1.3. Role of fisheries and aquaculture 2. INLAND FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 2.1. Inland water resources 2.1.1. Rivers 2.1.2. Natural freshwater lakes 2.1.3. Coastal lakes 2.1.4. Water reservoirs 2.1.5. Pond fish farms 2.1.6. Canals 2.1.7. Underground waters 2.2. Inland fisheries resources 2.3. Inland fisheries 2.3.1. Commercial inland fisheries 2.3.2. Recreational fisheries on inland waters 2.3.3. Management of fish stocks in inland waters 2.4. Inland aquaculture 2.4.1. Pond fish farms 2.4.2. Tank fish farms 2.4.3. Cage fish farms 2.5. Comparative summary of present and potential performance of inland fisheries and aquaculture 2.5.1. Declared, estimated actual and potential results of inland fisheries and aquaculture 2.5.2. Inventory of measures for reducing gap between declared, actual and potential results of inland fisheries and aquaculture 2.6. Conclusions and recommendations 3. MARINE FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 3.1. Marine waters and fishing grounds 3.2. Marine fisheries resources 3.3. Marine fisheries 3.3.1. Fisheries in the Sea of Azov 3.3.2. Fisheries in the Black Sea 3.3.3. Oceanic fisheries 3.3.4. Management of fish stocks in marine waters 3.3.5. Status of recreational fisheries in marine waters 3.4. Marine aquaculture 3.5. Conclusions and recommendations 4. SUPPORT INDUSTRIES 4.1. Fishing ports and landing instruments 3 4.2. Fishing vessels, gears, devices and equipment 4.3. Fish feeds 4.4. Processing and storing of fish and fishery/aquaculture products 5. TRADING WITH FISH, FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS 5.1. Fish consumption and market demand 5.2. Distribution and marketing of fish and fishery/aquaculture products 5.3. Import and export of fish and fishery/aquaculture products 5.3.1. Import 5.3.2. Export 5.4. Conclusions and recommendations 6. EDUCATION, EXTENSION AND RESEARCH IN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 6.1. Education 6.1.1. Higher education 6.1.2. Sector related activities and regulations on obligatory trainings and level of educations 6.1.3. Challenges associated with fisheries and aquaculture education in Ukraine 6.2. Research 6.3. Conclusions and recommendations 7. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS 7.1. Social/civil societies 7.1.1. Associations of commercial fishers 7.1.2. Associations of recreational fishers 7.2. Overall administration of the sector 7.3. Statistics of and statistical support to the sector 7.3.1. Fisheries statistics 7.3.2. Aquaculture statistics 7.4. Financial support to the sector 7.5. Conclusions and recommendations 8. LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 8.1. Scope of primary law and inter-linkages with other legislation 8.2. Institutional arrangements related laws and regulations 8.2.1. Management and development of fisheries 8.2.2. Management and development of aquaculture 8.3. Fish quality and consumers safety regulations 8.4. International relationships of Ukraine on fisheries and aquaculture 8.5. Conclusions and recommendations 9. SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 9.1. Inland Fisheries and aquaculture 9.2. Marine fisheries and aquaculture 9.3. Fish consumption and trading with fish and fishery products including import and export 9.4. Education and research in fishery and aquaculture 9.5. Institutional frameworks of fisheries and aquaculture 9.6 Legal framework of fisheries and aquaculture References 4 ANNEXES Annex 1: Tables of sources data Annex 2: SWOT analyses of the sector based on stakeholders’ meetings BOXES Box 1.1: Culture based fisheries Box 2.1: Definition of ponds and small water reservoirs Box 2.2: Restocking program of inland waters and its state support Box 3.1: Present effort on combating with IUU in Ukraine Box 3.2: Future of mussel production in Ukraine Box 6.1: System of education and levels of institutional accreditation in Ukraine Box 7.1: The statistical forms of agriculture in Ukraine Box 7.2: Statistical data is submitted to FAO in the following forms Box 7.3: Specialized forms supporting form № 1A – fish “Aquaculture production” Box 8.1: List of the main types of waters considered as fishery water bodies by law of Ukraine Box 8.2: Fishing rules Box 8.3: Association agreement between the EU and Ukraine Box 8.4: Registration of marine ships in Ukraine TABLES Table 2.1: Renewable surface water resources (RSWR) Table 2.2: Number of freshwater and marine fish species in Ukraine Table 2.3: Daily quotas for amateur and sport fishers in Ukraine Table 2.4: Declared and estimated actual and potential performance of inland fisheries and pond fish farms in 2015 Table 3.1: General economic data of marine fisheries of Ukraine Table 8.1: Overview of the management of fisheries Table 8.2: Overview of the management of aquaculture Table 8.3: Overview of the management of fish processing FIGURES Figure 1.1: Geographical map of Ukraine Figure 1.2: Climate map of Ukraine Figure 1.3: Dynamics of the fish catching and the extraction of aquatic biological resources Figure 2.1: River basins of Ukraine Figure 2.2: Classification of surface waters in Ukraine Figure 2.3: River map of Ukraine Figure 2.4: Catches on inland waters Figure 2.5: Aquatic bio-resources extraction by environment and their socio-economic data Figure 2.6: Capture of aquatic biological resources in STRHs in 2015 5 Figure 2.7: Some of the typical fishing vessels and gears used in large inland water bodies Figure 2.8: Some of the typical specialized pond fish farms their activities Figure 2.9: Tank and cage fish farms in Ukraine Figure 3.1: Ratio of Ukrainian catches in the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea in 2008-2013 Figure 3.2: Dynamics of fish landing by Ukraine in the Sea of Azov in 2008-2015 Figure 3.3: The main grounds for Black Sea sprat fisheries in the Ukrainian waters Figure 3.4: Dynamics of fish landing by Ukraine in the Black Sea Figure 3.5: Landing dynamics of the three major fish species in the Black Sea Figure 3.6: The Sea of Azov and the Black Sea and their major rivers Figure 3.7: Long-term dynamic of sturgeon landing in the Sea of Azov Figure 3.8: Ratio (%) of sturgeon species in commercial catches in the Sea of Azov Figure 3.9 Stocking of sturgeon fingerlings by Ukraine to the Sea of Azov between 1991 and 2014 Figure 3.10: Tank and cage fish farms of sturgeons in Ukraine Figure 3.11: The percentage by weight of Gobiidae in scientific catches in the Sea of Azov (2003–2013) Figure 3.12: Long-term dynamics of gobies landing in the Sea of Azov Figure 3.13: Mass mortality caused by hypoxia Figure 3.14: Acclimatization of haarder (So-iuy mullet) to the Azov Sea basin Figure 3.15: Rehabilitation of Molochniy liman Figure 3.16: Dynamics of SSB and landings of haarder in the Sea of Azov (2005–2015) Figure 3.17: Long-term dynamics of salinity in the Sea of Azov Figure 3.18: Dynamics of SSB and landings of Azov turbot in the Sea of Azov (2006–2015) Figure 3.19: Landing of Azov anchovy in the Sea of Azov and in the Black Sea Figure 3.20: Mussels production in Ukraine between 2000 and 2014 Figure 5.1: Consumption of fish and fish products in Ukraine (kg/per person/year) Figure 5.2: The species composition of most popular freshwater fishes in 2000 and 2015 Figure 5.3: Dynamics of fish consumption (kg/capita) in Vinnytsya region (the highest) and in Lviv region (the lowest) in 2015 Figure 5.4: Dynamics of fish and fish products consumption per person in some regions of Ukraine between 1999 and 2015 Figure 5.5: Dynamics of fish and fish products import in Ukraine Figure 5.6: Structure of Ukrainian fish exports as per countries in 2015 Figure 5.7: Dynamics of export and import Figure 6.1: Research on fisheries in Ukraine Figure 7.1: Positioning of aquaculture in the new Classification of Economic Activities (NACE- 2010) (CEA DK 009: 2010 Figure 8.1: Elements of the fisheries and aquaculture sector management to which laws are assigned Figure 8.2 Quota allocation systems in Ukraine 6 PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT The National Reform Council (NRC) of Ukraine has recently approved the Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development of Ukraine and Strategy Action Plan. In order to achieve some concrete results that could be demonstrated in 2016, legal draft texts, studies and capacity building activities addressed under the Action Plan 2015-2016 have to be implemented.