Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10339-9 — The Cambridge Guide to African American History Raymond Gavins Index More Information Index Aaron, Hank. See Sports Ailey, Alvin. See Dance Abbott, Robert S., 1 Albert, Laurence R. See Music Abele, Julian F., 2 Aldridge, Ira F. See Theatre Abernathy, Ralph D. See Southern Alexander Crummell. See Scholarship Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Alexander, Clifford L. See Equal Afi rmative action, 3 Employment Opportunity Africa, 4 Commission (EEOC) African American Women in Defense of Alexander, Raymond P. See Law Ourselves. See Feminism enforcement African Blood Brotherhood (ABB), 7 Ali, Muhammad, 12 . See Sports African Heritage Studies Association. Allen, Richard, 12 See Afro-American Studies Allen, Richard. See Music African Liberation Support Committee Amendment XIII (1865). See Constitution, (ALSC). See Student activism US (1789) African Liberation Support Committee. Amendment XIV (1868). See Constitution, See Black Nationalism US (1789) African National Congress (ANC). Amendment XV (1870). See Constitution, See Apartheid US (1789) African National Congress (ANC). American Anti-Slavery Society. See See Mandela, Nelson R. Antislavery movement Africanisms. See Afro-American Studies American Civil Liberties Union. See Afro-American Council. See Interracial Relations Wells-Barnett, Ida B. American Colonization Society. See Afro-American Studies, 8 Antislavery Movement Afro-Christianity. See Afro-American American Council on Race Relations. Studies See Interracial Relations Afrocentrism. See Afro-American Studies American Federation of Labor. See Labor Agricultural Adjustment Administration. American Friends Service Committee. See Great Depression See Interracial Relations Agriculture, 9 American Indian Movement. See Civil Aid to Families with Dependent Children Rights Movement (CRM) (AFDC). See Welfare American Negro Theater. See Theatre AIDS, 11 American Red Cross. See Drew, Charles R. 313 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10339-9 — The Cambridge Guide to African American History Raymond Gavins Index More Information 314 Index American Revolution, 13 Bethune, Mary McLeod, 30 American Teachers’ Association (ATA). Bill of Rights. See Constitution, US (1789) See Education Birth of a Nation, The (1915), 31 American Temperance Society. Black Arts Movement, 32 . See Photography See Temperance movement Black Belt, 32 Amnesty International. See Foreign affairs Black Bourgeoisie (1957), 33 Anderson, Marian, 14 Black Cabinet. See Great Depression Angelou, Maya, 15 Black Enterprise (BE). See Graves, Earl G. Anti-Apartheid Act (1986). See TransAfrica Black Entertainment Television. See Film Anti-Defamation League. See Interracial Black Manifesto (1969), 33 Relations Black Nationalism, 34 Antiapartheid movement. See Apartheid Black Panther Party (BPP), 35 Anticommunism, 16 Black Power movement, 36 Antilynching campaign, 16 Black Radical Congress. See Politics Antislavery movement, 17 Black Star Steamship Line. See Universal Antiterror wars, 18 Negro Improvement Association Apartheid, 19 (UNIA) Aptheker, Herbert. See Scholarship Black towns, 37 Architecture, 20 Bland, James A. See Music Armstrong, Louis (Satchmo). See Music Blassingame, John W. See Scholarship Armstrong, Samuel C. See Education ; Bloody Sunday, 38 Hampton–Tuskegee idea Blyden, Edward W. See Pan-African Art, 21 movement Ashe, Arthur R., 23 Bond, Horace M., 38 Asian American Legal Defense and Bond, Julian, 39 Education Fund. See Civil Rights Bouchet, Edward A., 40 Movement (CRM) Bradley, Ronald. See Milliken v. Bradley Associated Negro Press (ANP), 24 (1974) Associated Publishers. See Woodson, Brewer, James H. See Scholarship Carter G. Brimmer, Andrew. See Capitalism Association of Community Organizations Brooke, Edward W., 41 for Reform Now. See Poverty Brooks, Gwendolyn E., 42 Atlanta Compromise (1895), 24 Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Atlanta race riot (1906). See White, Walter F. (BSCP, 1925). See Labor Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Back to the Farm. See Agriculture (BSCP), 43 Back-to-Africa movement, 25 Brown v. Board of Education (1954), 45 Baker, Ella J., 25 Brown, Charlotte Hawkins, 43 Baker v. Carr (1962), 26 Brown, James N. (Jim), 44 Bakke v. Board of Regents of California Brown, James. See Music (1978), 27 Brown, William Wells. See Scholarship Baldwin, James, 28 Browne, William W. See Religion Banneker, Benjamin. See Architecture Bruce, Blanche K. See Reconstruction Baraka, Amiri. See Theatre (1865–77) Barnett, Claude A., 29 Buchanan v. Warley (1917), 46 Bates, Daisy L., 29 Buffalo soldiers, 47 Battey, C. M. See Photography Bunche, Ralph J., 47 Belafonte, Harry. See Music Bunche, Ralph. See Foreign affairs Berlin Conference (1884). See Colonialism Bundles, A’Lelia. See Walker, Madam C. J. Berry, Chuck. See Music Burris, Roland. See Politics Berry, Mary Frances. See Scholarship Business, 48 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10339-9 — The Cambridge Guide to African American History Raymond Gavins Index More Information Index 315 Caesar, Shirley, 52 Colored Men’s Locomotive Firemen’s Capitalism, 52 Association (1902). See Labor Caravans. See Caesar, Shirley Colored National Labor Union (1869). Carmichael, Stokely (Kwame Turé), 53 See Labor Carnegie-Myrdal Study of the Negro in Colored Ofi cers’ Training Camp. America. See Bunche, Ralph J. See Military Carter, Robert. See National Association Coltrane, John. See Music for the Advancement of Colored People Commission on Interracial Cooperation. (NAACP) See Interracial Relations Carver, George Washington, 54 Committee on Fair Employment Césaire, Aimé. See Négritude Practice. See March on Washington Chambers, Julius L. See Swann v. Movement (MOWM) Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Committee on Negro Affairs. See Fisher, Education (1971) Miles Mark Charles, Ray. See Music Committee on the Status of Black Chávez, César E. See Labor Americans (1989). See Law enforcement Chavis, Benjamin. See Wilmington Ten Communist Party. See Politics Chesnutt, Charles W., 55 Community Relations Service (CRS). See Child, Lydia Maria. See Antislavery Justice, US Department of movement Comprehensive Employment and Training Children’s Defense Fund (CDF), 56 Act. See Family Chisholm, Shirley A., 57 Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO, Cities, 57 1935). See Labor Citizenship Schools. See Clark, Septima P. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 68 Civil Rights Act of 1875. See Congressional Black Caucus. See Politics Reconstruction (1865–77) Conservatives. See Politics Civil Rights Act of 1957, 59 Constitution, US (1789), 68 Civil Rights Act of 1964, 60 Conventions, National Negro, 70 Civil Rights Act of 1968, 60 Convict-lease system, 70 Civil Rights Congress. See Civil Rights Cook, Sam. See Music Movement (CRM) Cooper, Anna Julia, 71 Civil Rights Division (CRD). See Justice, Copeland, John A. See John Brown’s raid US Department of Cornely, Paul B. See Medicine Civil Rights Division. See Civil Rights Act Cosby, William H. (Bill), 72 of 1957 Cotton Kingdom. See Slavery Civil Rights Movement (CRM), 61 Council on American-Islamic Relations. Civil War, 63 See Civil Rights Movement (CRM) Clark, Kenneth B., 64 Crop-lien system. See Agriculture Clark, Mamie. See Clark, Kenneth B. Clark, Septima P., 65 Dance, 74 Clayton, Eva M. See Shaw v. Reno (1993) Davis, Angela Y., 76 Cleveland, James. See Music Davis, Miles. See Music Clubs, 66 Davis, W. Allison, 77 Coachman, Alice. See Sports Death penalty, 78 Cobb, Charles. See Science Delany, Martin R., 78 Cobb, W. Montague. See Medicine DePriest, Oscar S., 79 Cold War, 66 Derricotte, Juliette. See Medicine Cole, Nat (King). See Music Desegregation, 80 Colonialism, 67 Dessalines, Jean-Jacques. See Haitian Colored Farmers’ Alliance. See Agriculture ; Revolution Labor Divine, Father (George Baker), 82 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10339-9 — The Cambridge Guide to African American History Raymond Gavins Index More Information 316 Index Doby, Larry. See Sports Federal Theatre Project. See Theatre Domestic Marshall Plan. See Young, Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR). See Whitney M. Lawson, James M. ; Thurman, Howard Domestic Slave Trade. See Slavery Feminism, 98 Dorsey, Thomas. See Music Film, 100 Double V campaign. See Civil Rights Fisher, Miles Mark, 101 Movement (CRM) ; Four Freedoms Fisk Jubilee Singers. See Music Douglas, Aaron. See Art Ford, Johnny L. See Politics Douglass, Frederick, 83 Foreign affairs, 102 Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), 83 Forten, James, Sr. See Temperance Drew, Charles R., 84 movement Du Bois, W. E. B., 85 “Forty acres and a mule,” 103 Dunham, Katherine. See Dance Four Freedoms, 104 Durham Manifesto (1942), 86 Franklin, Aretha L., 105 Franklin, John Hope, 105 Eaton v. Board of Managers of the James Fraternal Council of Negro Churches. See Walker Memorial Hospital (1950). Religion See Medicine Fraternal orders and lodges, 106 Eaton, Hubert. See Gibson, Althea ; Fraternities, 107 Medicine Free African Society (FAS), 108 Ebonics. See Afro-American Studies Free blacks, 108 Edelman, Marian Wright. See Children’s Free South Africa Movement. See Student Defense Fund (CDF) activism Edmonds, Helen G. See Scholarship Free Southern Theater. See Theatre Education, 87 Free Speech Movement (FSM). See Student Elder, Lee. See Woods, Eldrick T. activism Ellington, Edward (Duke). See Music Freedmen’s bank, 109 Ellison, Ralph, 90