INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 15th INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON OLYMPIC STUDIES FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS 5 JULY – 8 AUGUST 2007 PROCEEDINGS ANCIENT OLYMPIA Published by the International Olympic Academy and the International Olympic Committee 2009 International Olympic Academy 52, Dimitrios Vikelas Avenue 152 33 Halandri – Athens GREECE Tel.: +30 210 6878809-13, +30 210 6878888 Fax: +30 210 6878840 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ioa.org.gr Editor: Assoc. Prof. Konstantinos Georgiadis, IOA Honorary Dean Production: Livani Publishing Organization ISBN: 978-960-14-1967-1 INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY 15th INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON OLYMPIC STUDIES FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS SPECIAL SUBJECT: FROM ATHENS TO BEIJING ANCIENT OLYMPIA EPHORIA OF THE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMY (2007) President Minos X. KYRIAKOU Vice-President Isidoros KOUVELOS Members Lambis NIKOLAOU (IOC Vice-President) Emmanuel KATSIADAKIS Antonios NIKOLOPOULOS Evangelos SOUFLERIS Panagiotis KONDOS Leonidas VAROUXIS Georgios FOTINOPOULOS Honorary President Juan Antonio SAMARANCH Honorary Vice-President Nikolaos YALOURIS Honorary Dean Konstantinos GEORGIADIS 7 HELLENIC OLYMPIC COMMITTEE (2007) President Minos X. KYRIAKOU 1st Vice-President Isidoros KOUVELOS 2nd Vice-President Spyros ZANNIAS Secretary General Emmanuel KATSIADAKIS Treasurer Pavlos KANELLAKIS Deputy Secretary General Antonios NIKOLOPOULOS Deputy Treasurer Ioannis KARRAS IOC Member ex-officio Lambis V. NIKOLAOU Members Stelios AGGELOUDIS Ioannis ANTONOPOULOS Niki BAKOYIANNI Athanassios BELIGRATIS Christos CHATZIATHANASSIOU Dimitris DIATHESSOPOULOS Michalis FISSENTZIDIS Andreas FOURAS Vassilis GAGATSIS Nikos KAKLAMANAKIS Manolis KOLYMBADIS Panagiotis KONDOS Pavlos LAPPAS Thomas MEDESSIDIS Antonios POLIOUDAKIS Ioannis PSARELIS Dimitris RAZIS Vassilis SEVASTIS Freddy SERPIERIS Ioannis SGOUROS Georgios SMYRNEOS Evangelos SOUFLERIS Petros SYNADINOS Georgios VASSILAKOPOULOS Ioannis VASSILIADIS Konstantinos WILLS Georgios YEROLYMPOS 8 INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND OLYMPIC EDUCATION (2007) Chairman Zhenliang HE (CHN) Members Haya Bint AL HUSSEIN (JOR) Fernando F. Lima BELLO (POR) Valeriy BORZOV (UKR) Helen BROWNLEE (AUS) Philip CRAVEN (GBR) Iván DIBÓS (PER) Conrado DURÁNTEZ (ESP) Hicham EL GUERROUJ (MAR) Manuel ESTIARTE (ESP) Timothy TSUN-TING FOK (CHN) Konstantinos GEORGIADIS (GRE) Nat INDRAPANA (THA) Minos X. KYRIAKOU (GRE) Karl LENNARTZ (GER) Vladimir LISIN (RUS) Marc MAES (BEL) Alicia MASONI de MOREA (ARG) Samih MOUDALLAL (SYR) Norbert MÜLLER (GER) Roque-Napoléon MUÑOZ-PEÑA (DOM) Mohamed MZALI (TUN) Lambis V. NIKOLAOU (GRE) Francis Were NYANGWESO (UGA) Enrico PRANDI (ITA) Sam RAMSAMY (RSA) Thomas P. ROSANDICH (USA) Mounir SABET (EGY) Melitόn SANCHEZ RIVAS (PAN) Klaus SCHORMANN (GER) Henri SÉRANDOUR (FRA) Antun VRDOLJAK (CRO) Ching-Kuo WU (TPE) 9 Commemorative photo of the Participants. 10 CONTENTS Foreword by the Honorary Dean of the International Olympic Academy, Assoc. Prof. Konstantinos GEORGIADIS ............................................................17 Students’ Papers Sport and Religion in the Imaginary of Ancient Greece Raoni PERRUCCI TOLEDO MACHADO (BRA)...................................................21 History and Importance of Bath in Ancient Times Martina VOŘÍŠKOVÁ(CZE) .............................................................................33 Olympics in Ancient Georgia Zurab KOBELASHVILI (GEO)............................................................................44 The Sanctity in the Olympic Games: The Ancient-Greek Background and the Modern Oath Constantinos I. PSYCHOGYIOS (GRE)..............................................................47 The Physical Activities Through History. From Ancient Times to the Agons of the Olympic Games Laura Alejandra CORIA (ARG).........................................................................56 11 15th INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON OLYMPIC STUDIES FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS Physical Education and Athletics in Greek City-States of the Northern Black Sea Coast in the Ancient Period Oksana HRECHANYUK (UKR)..........................................................................70 Politeia and Sport Culture: Greek Athens and Zhou Dynasty Yi-Chuan HUNG (TPE).....................................................................................81 Olympic Movement in Ukraine: Formation and Development Irina KOGUT (UKR)..........................................................................................95 The Influence of Plato and Platonism on the Development of Physical Education in Western Culture Ekaterina PAPACHRISTOU (GRE) ..................................................................103 Does Olympic Recognition Matter for Sports Development? Katharine Ilona BERRY (GBR)........................................................................113 Target Shooting, Equestrian Events and Modern Pentathlon at the 1924 Olympic Games: Scenes of Confrontation for the Armies of the World Yohan BLONDEL (FRA).................................................................................130 Combining Elite Sport and Higher Education Successfully – A European Perspective Dawn AQUILINA (MLT)..................................................................................141 Comparative Research on Olympic Education in Athens and in Beijing Fang WANG (CHN)........................................................................................157 The Olympic Movement in Thailand: The Olympic Education in Thailand University Chairat CHOOSAKUL (THA)...........................................................................165 12 CONTENTS Olympism: Art and Culture. A Historical Review through Time Vasiliki FAILADI (GRE)...................................................................................168 The Merger as a Way to Educate People with Special Needs Noha Abd EL AZIM (EGY)..............................................................................177 Recognition Analysis of Decision-Making Policy regarding Sports Interchange between South Korea and North Korea Soo Jin PARK (KOR).......................................................................................188 From the Early Appearance and Fast Disappearance of Motor Sports in the Programme of Olympic Games to the Hypothesis of Motorcycling as a Future Olympic Event Emanuele D’ARTIBALE (ITA)..........................................................................203 Social and Economic Impacts for hosting the 2007 Universiade Games in Bangkok, Thailand Amnuay TANPHANICH (THA)........................................................................214 Impact of the Olympic Ideals on the Teaching and Organization of Physical Education and Sports in Ghanaian Schools Michael AGYEI (GHA)....................................................................................222 Can the Olympic Games be considered as a Public Policy? Olivier MUTTER (SUI).....................................................................................234 Social Structure, Motivation and Experiences of Volunteers at Major Sports Events. An Empirical Comparison between Olympic and Football World Cup Volunteers Anne MODJESCH (GER)................................................................................248 13 15th INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON OLYMPIC STUDIES FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS The New Olympian and his/her “Sacred Devices” Renan PETERSEN-WAGNER (BRA).................................................................265 Olympism and Sport Co-operation: Alternative Powers used to study French-African Relations, 1960-1990 Pascal CHARITAS (FRA).................................................................................281 The Olympics and Mass Media: A Study in Iran Dr Hamid GHASEMI (IRI) ..............................................................................301 Medals and Geo-Economic Factors in the Athens 2004 Olympic Games Eleni VLACHOKYRIAKOU (GRE).....................................................................314 Women and Olympic Games: Analysis of the Mass Media. Challenges for Beijing 2008 Ibone LALLANA DEL RIO (ESP)......................................................................328 Sports Work Organization and Management in Higher Educational Establishments of Latvia Ilvis ABELKALNS (LAT)..................................................................................340 Risk Management Issues in Large-Scale Sporting Events: A Stakeholder Perspective Becca LEOPKEY (CAN)..................................................................................351 Women and Leadership in Sport and the Olympic Movement in China Yi-Wen CHIN (TPE)........................................................................................367 Enduring “Whatever it Takes” in Pursuit of the Olympic Dream: Elite Athletes’ Experiences of Emotional Abuse Ashley E. STIRLING (CAN)........................................................................382 14 CONTENTS Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee, Constitutive Part of the Worldwide Olympic Movement Liliana RADU (ROU).......................................................................................397 The Impact of the Olympic Movement on African Sport Women: An Analysis of Participation, Leadership and Media Coverage in South Africa Pamela SERRA (RSA).....................................................................................408 Sport and Olympism in Ethical Education Karolina TRPCEVSKA (MKD)..........................................................................425 The Ontological Basis of Games