An Analysis Of Politeness In Batak Mandailing Movie ‘Biola Na Mabugang’ Josua Rambe [email protected] Abstract This is a qualitative descriptive research .After giving the description of the positive politeness in Batak Mandailing movie “Biola Na Mabugang” by the data and data analysis, finally the writer comes to the conclusion that:Positive Politeness is to show the closeness, intimacy, and rapport between speaker and hearer. It supports the conversation between people run well, and it is used to maintain the social value of community and good manners. There are 77 Positive Politeness are in Batak Mandailing movie “Biola Na Mabugang” and consist of thirteen types of Positive Politeness that are used in it. They are Notice, Exaggerate, Use in-group identity markers in speech, seek disagreement, avoid disagreement, Joke to put the hearer at ease, Assert or presuppose knowledge of and concern for hearer’s wants, Optimistic, Offer, Include both S (speaker) and H (hearer) in the activity, Give or ak for reasons, Give gifts to H, and consist of two types that are not used, they are intensify interest to the hearer in the speaker’s contribution, presuppose common ground.The most dominant type of positive politeness is Give or ask for reasons or type 13 (thirteen) used in Batak Mandailing movie “Biola Na Mabugang” Keywords : positive politeness, negative politeness 1.Introduction Pragmatics is the study of meaning of words, phrases and full sentences. It is how to recognize what is meant even when it is not actually said or written. It is more concerned with the meanings that words in fact convey when they are used. Pragmatics involves the interpretation of what people mean in particular context and how the context influences what is said. It requires a consideration of how speakers organize what they want to say in accordance with who they are talking to, where, when, and under what circumstances. Pragmatics will make people more aware of implicit utterances or sentences. In conveying pragmatics meaning the speaker will use politeness utterances in their conversation. Politeness is the norms or principles that consist in society. Politeness in general terms as having to do with ideas like being tactful, modest and nice to the other people to make the conversation runs well. In the study of linguistic politeness, the most relevant concept is “face”. Here, face means the public self-image, this is the emotional and social sense of self that everyone has and expects everyone else to recognize. Politeness can be defined as showing awareness and consideration of another person’s face. In this case politeness becomes important in selecting utterances or sentences in conversation in society. As a Mandailing person the writer knows that Mandailing people have many variations of politeness expressions in conveying their feelings such as sadness, happiness, anger, and joke. It can be also seen in Mandailing movies. According to Richrd J. Wtts (2003: 2) Politeness is a set of strategies to achieve social goals with a minimum of social friction. “Politeness in an interaction, can then be defined as the means employed to show awareness of another person’s face. A face saving act which is oriented to the person’s negative face will tend to show difference, emphasize the importance of the other’s time or concerns, and even iclude an apology for the imposition or interruption. This is also called negative politeness. A face saving act which is Page | 1 concerned with the person’s positive face will tend to show solidarity, emphasize that both speakers want the same thing, and that they have a common goal. This is also called positive politeness”. Based on explanations above the writer is only focused on positive politeness, he will conduct a research entitled “An Analysis of Politeness In Mandailing Movie “Biola Na Mabugang”. In relation to the background the objectives of the study are: To find out what types of positive politeness are found in Mandailing movie “Biola Na Mabugang” and to find out the most dominant type of positive politeness found in Mandailing movie “Biola Na Mabugang”. The writer focuses on analyzing the types of positive politeness found in Mandailing movie “Biola Na Mabugang” which will be discussed with the theory proposed by Richard J. Watts (2003) . the writer hopes:. This research would enrich the analysis of pragmatics , and enrich the student’s knowledge on how to analyze the positive politeness in Mandailing movie. This study ould be useful for further research. Pragmatics Generally pragmatics is the study of utterances and sentences meaning which are used in communication, and also the study of meaning in language interaction between a speaker and a hearer. According to George Yule (2010:128) in his book “The Study of Language” Pragmatics is the study of “invisible” meaning or how we recognize what is meant even when it is not actually said or written. It is concerned with the meanings that words in fact convey when they are used, or with intended speaker meaning as it is sometimes referred to. Pragmatics is attempted to analyze how it happens that often more is communicated than said. George Yule (1996:3) Pragmatics is usually concerned with the analyzing of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader). Jean Stilwell Peccei (1999:5) said “Pragmatics concentrates on those aspects of meaning that cannot be predicted by linguistics knowledge alone and takes into account our knowledge about the physical and social world”. According to De Gruyter Mouton (2010:3)“ All aspects of pragmatics may be subjected to cross-cultural comparisons,but interest has centered on two dominant areas, namely speech act theoryand Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness. From the explanations of experts above, the writer concludes that pragmatics is the study of implicit meaning in words, phrases, and sentences that purposed the hearer understands what the speaker refers to and to make the conversation runs well. Politeness According to Sara Mills (2003:74) “politeness can be seen to have a wide range of meanings,both for theorists and interactants, and can be used to describe a very diverse set of behaviours”. According to Robin T. Lakoff (2005:159) “Politeness is a culturally embedded notion. The extensive literature on this line of argument supports this well. To examine the actual manifestations of politeness in various languages and cultures is just to look at social behaviors ofthe speakers of those languages; what these speakers do when they communicate with one another, and what their values are”. According to Arin Bayraktaroglu and Maria Sifianou. (2001:75) “the study of politeness has often been intertwined with studies on speech act use, especially with those that are facethreatening(FTAs) by virtue of the message conveyed. The use of politenessmarkers form part of a ritual for making one’s utterance less face-threatening for both the speaker and the hearer, while fulfilling one’s illocutionary intent. At the same time they also address the sociopsychological needs (i.e. faceneeds) of the interlocutors”. Page | 2 According to George Yule (2010:135) “Politeness can be defined as showing awareness and consideration of another person’s face. Think of politeness in general terms as having to do with ideas like being tactful,modest and nice to other people. In the study of linguistic politeness, the most relevant concept is “face.” Your face, in pragmatics, is your public self-image. This is the emotional and social sense of self that everyone has and expects everyone else to recognize. If you say something that represents a threat to another person’s self-image, that iscalled a face-threatening act. For example, if you use a direct speech act to get someone to do something (Give me that paper!), you are be having as if you have more social power than the other person. If you don’t actually have that social power(e.g. you’re not a military officer or prison warden), then you are performing a face threatening act. An indirect speech act, in the form associated with a question (Could you pass me that paper?), removes the assumption of social power. You’re only askingif it’s possible. This makes your request less threatening to the other person’s face.Whenever you say something that lessens the possible threat to another’s face, it canbe described as a face-saving act. According to Janet Holmes (2001:268) “Generally speaking politeness involves taking account of the feelings of others. A polite person makes others feel comfortable. Being linguistically polite involves speaking to people appropriately in the light of their relationship to you”. Based on explanations above, the writer concludes that politeness is the practical of good manners toward others, as in behavior, speech to show friendliness and solidarity. Type of Politeness According to George Yule (1996:62) “Positive politeness is a face saving act which is concerned with the person’s positive face will tend to show solidarity, emphasize that both speakers want the same thing, and that they have a common goal. Negative politeness is a face saving act which is oriented to person’s negative face will tend to show deference, emphasize the importance of the other’s time or concerns, and even include an apology for the imposition or interruption. A positive politeness leads the requester to appeal to common goal, and even friendship, via expressions below : 1) How about letting me use your pen ? 2) Hey, buddy, i’d appreciate it if you would let me use your pen. These expressions do represent a greater risk for the speaker of suffering a refusal and may be preceded by some ‘getting to know you’ talk, of the kind presented below designed to establish the necessary common ground for this strategy.